Deck 30: Animal Reproduction and Development

Question 1

The cap-like ________ covers the head of the sperm and releases enzymes that will help the sperm penetrate the egg.

A) epididymis
B) vas deferens
C) acrosome
D) mitochondria
E) nucleus

Answer 1

C
Explanation: The acrosome is critical for fertilization, helping digest the outer coating of the egg to allow fertilization.

Question 2

In human males,the different types of male sex hormones are collectively called

A) estrogens.
B) growth hormones.
C) progesterones.
D) androgens.
E) follicle-stimulating hormones.

Answer 2

D
Explanation: "Androgen" literally means "male maker."

Question 3

The 2 cm.long structure in the human female that stimulates the female to experience orgasm is the

A) clitoris.
B) cervix.
C) labia majora.
D) uterus.
E) labia minora.

Answer 3

A
Explanation: Developmentally, the clitoris is the equivalent of the glans of the penis.

Question 4

The cells in the ovary that give rise to the mature egg cells are the

A) follicle cells.
B) primary spermatocytes.
C) endometrial cells.
D) polar bodies.
E) primary oocytes.

Question 5

The tube-like structure that serves as the birth canal in the human female is the

A) cervix.
B) vulva.
C) vagina.
D) uterus.
E) uterine tube.

Question 6

The process that unites the male gamete with the female gamete in organisms that reproduce sexually is termed

A) conjugation.
B) fertilization.
C) crossing over.
D) gastrulation.
E) recombination.

Question 7

The tightly coiled structure/s inside the testes that produce the sperm cells is/are the

A) seminiferous tubules.
B) epididymis.
C) vas deferens.
D) scrotum.
E) ureters.

Question 8

If a woman,late in pregnancy,feels contractions of a muscular sac-like organ,she is feeling contractions of her 

A) ovary.
B) labia majora.
C) vagina.
D) uterus.
E) vulva.

Question 9

Mature human sperm cells

A) are haploid.
B) are secondary spermatocytes.
C) contain 46 chromosomes.
D) are primary spermatocytes.
E) undergo meiosis.

Question 10

If working on a diagram of the human male reproductive system,you would label the tightly coiled tube that receives and stores sperm from one testis as the

A) scrotum.
B) vas deferens.
C) epididymis.
D) prostate gland.
E) seminal vesicle.

Question 11

The diploid first cell of a new organism is a(n)

A) gamete.
B) sperm.
C) polar body.
D) zygote.
E) ovum.

Question 12

In organisms that reproduce sexually,________ are the sex cells that carry the genetic information from each parent.

A) diploid zygotes
B) haploid zygotes
C) haploid gametes
D) diploid gametes
E) diploid hormones

Question 13

In the male,the sac-like structure that contains the testes is the

A) epididymis.
B) vas deferens.
C) scrotum.
D) ureter.
E) seminal vesicle.

Question 14

In the human male and female reproductive systems,each system contains paired primary sex organs called ________,which contain ________ that give rise to gametes.

A) testes; sperm cells
B) gonads; germ cells
C) ovaries; egg cells
D) germ cells; hormones
E) All answers are correct.

Question 15

The structure that secretes a thin,milky,alkaline fluid that activates the sperm to swim is the

A) urethra.
B) seminal vesicle.
C) prostate gland.
D) vas deferens.
E) epididymis.

Question 16

Working with a female patient who has ________ cancer,you expect that tests will show an infection with human papillomavirus.

A) ovarian
B) lung
C) breast
D) cervical
E) All answers are correct.

Question 17

The end of the uterus that opens to the vagina is the

A) labia minora.
B) cervix.
C) vaginal orifice.
D) clitoris.
E) labia majora.

Question 18

If you wanted to sample most of the fluid found in the semen before sperm are added,you would need to cut into the 

A) epididymis.
B) urethra.
C) ejaculatory duct.
D) seminal vesicle.
E) seminiferous tubule.

Question 19

Cilia sweep the released mature oocyte from an ovary into the

A) cervix.
B) uterine tube.
C) labia majora.
D) uterus.
E) vagina.

Question 20

You are working with a male patient suffering from infertility.Examination shows no problems until a blockage in a tube that extends from the scrotum and connects to the ejaculatory duct.You tell the patient that the infertility is probably due to damage to his 

A) epididymis.
B) ureter.
C) urethra.
D) seminiferous tubule.
E) vas deferens.

Question 21

The hormone released by the anterior pituitary that triggers ovulation and transforms the ruptured follicle into the corpus luteum is

A) GnRH.
B) FSH.
C) LH.
D) ATP.
E) progesterone.

Question 22

A gene called the ________ must be activated at week seven of embryonic development for male sex organs and glands to develop.

A) sex-determining gene on the Y chromosome
B) GnRH
C) FSH
D) sex-determining gene on the X chromosome
E) GH

Question 23

The hormone that is the basis of most pregnancy tests is

A) follicle-stimulating hormone.
B) luteinizing hormone.
C) human chorionic gonadotropin.
D) estrogen.
E) progesterone.

Question 24

The hormone released from the hypothalamus that stimulates release of LH and FSH in both the male and female is

A) human growth hormone.
B) testosterone.
C) gonadotropin-releasing hormone.
D) estrogen hormone.
E) human chorionic gonadotropin.

Question 25

A female chicken laying a fertilized egg has undergone ________ with a rooster.

A) differentiation
B) external fertilization
C) indirect development
D) direct development
E) internal fertilization

Question 26

The stage of human development that occurs from implantation to about eight weeks after fertilization is the

A) zygote.
B) preembryonic stage.
C) gastrula.
D) fetal stage.
E) embryonic stage.

Question 27

Menopause

A) is the cessation of menstruation.
B) is the cessation of sperm production.
C) is the beginning of menstruation.
D) begins in most females at puberty.
E) begins in most males at puberty.

Question 28

A caterpillar turning into a butterfly is an example of

A) external fertilization.
B) internal fertilization.
C) indirect development.
D) direct development.
E) reproduction.

Question 29

What evidence would cause you to think that a preembryo had split before day 12 of a patient's pregnancy?

A) polar bodies
B) secondary oocytes
C) fraternal twins
D) identical twins
E) embryonic discs

Question 30

A baby turtle growing into an adult that appears similar is an example of

A) direct development.
B) external fertilization.
C) internal fertilization.
D) indirect development.
E) differentiation.

Question 31

In humans,the transparent sac that contains fluid that cushions the embryo and maintains a constant temperature and pressure is the

A) amnion.
B) yolk sac.
C) embryonic disc.
D) chorionic villus.
E) chorion.

Question 32

The correct sequence for the stages in development from conception to birth is

A) preembryonic stage, zygote, embryonic stage, fetal stage.
B) fetal stage, zygote, preembryonic stage, embryonic stage.
C) preembryonic stage, embryonic stage, zygote, fetal stage.
D) zygote, preembryonic stage, embryonic stage, fetal stage.
E) fetal stage, embryonic stage, preembryonic stage, zygote.

Question 33

Fertilization of a secondary oocyte normally occurs in the

A) ovary.
B) vagina.
C) Fallopian tube.
D) uterus.
E) cervix.

Question 34

The stage of human development in which the endoderm,mesoderm,and ectoderm form is the

A) zygote.
B) gastrula.
C) embryonic stage.
D) ovum.
E) fetal stage.

Question 35

In a secondary oocyte,meiosis is arrested in metaphase II until

A) ovulation.
B) FSH is present.
C) fertilization occurs.
D) LH is secreted by the anterior pituitary.
E) puberty.

Question 36

A female salmon laying unfertilized eggs in a nest is preparing them for ________ by a male salmon.

A) external fertilization
B) internal fertilization
C) indirect development
D) direct development
E) differentiation

Question 37

Male athletes who take synthetic steroids can become sterile due to lack of sperm production.This is because of negative feedback on the

A) epididymis.
B) testes.
C) vas deferens.
D) prostate.
E) hypothalamus.

Question 38

You are reading a patient's chart and decide that ovulation has happened.What did the chart show surging to make you think this? 

A) FSH
B) LH
C) estrogen
D) progesterone
E) GnRH

Question 39

In the late 1950s,some women took ________ as a tranquilizer to relieve morning sickness and it caused deformed limbs in developing embryos.

A) acetaminophen
B) acutane
C) erythromycin
D) thalidomide
E) penicillin

Question 40

The gland that forms from ruptured follicle cells in the ovary and secretes estrogen and progesterone is the

A) labia majora.
B) prostate gland.
C) seminal vesicle.
D) clitoris.
E) corpus luteum.

Question 41

The causes of PMS are clearly related to hormonal fluctuations,but they are not yet fully understood.

Question 42

The intake of alcohol,cigarette smoke,and insufficient amounts of vitamins may all cause birth defects in a developing fetus.

Question 43

A vasectomy is a surgical procedure in which the vas deferens are severed,and then tied.How would this cause sterility?

A) Sperm cannot be produced by meiosis.
B) Sperm cannot be produced by mitosis.
C) Sperm cannot move to the urethra.
D) A man cannot get an erection.
E) The testes stop producing testosterone.

Question 44

Genital warts are caused by HPV.

Question 45

When a female cuttlefish accepts a male's mating attempt,the two animals align head-to-head,and he inserts a sperm packet into her body.This is an example of

A) sexual internal fertilization.
B) sexual external fertilization.
C) asexual internal fertilization.
D) asexual external fertilization.
E) hermaphroditic fertilization.

Question 46

Birth control pills contain a combination of estrogen and progesterone.What effect would this have on the hypothalamus?

A) It would secrete less FSH and LH.
B) It would secrete more gonadotrophin-releasing hormone.
C) It would secrete more FSH and LH.
D) It would secrete less gonadotrophin-releasing hormone.
E) There would be no effect on the hypothalamus.

Question 47

The second stage of prenatal development is the fetal stage.

Question 48

Human reproduction can result in a

A) new gamete.
B) genetically identical copy of an existing human.
C) genetically identical cell.
D) genetically different cell.
E) genetically unique offspring.

Question 49

Taking antibiotics can disrupt the microbial community of the vagina and create an opportunity for the yeast Candida albicans to cause an infection.

Question 50

Often a woman may first suspect she is pregnant when she misses her period,which is due to

A) chorionic gonadotropin causing the corpus luteum to continue producing progesterone inhibiting GnRH release.
B) chorionic gonadotropin blocking the corpus luteum from producing progesterone inhibiting GnRH release.
C) follicle-stimulating hormone causing the corpus luteum to continue producing progesterone inhibiting GnRH release.
D) follicle-stimulating hormone blocking the corpus luteum from continuing to produce progesterone inhibiting GnRH release.
E) luteinizing hormone blocking the corpus luteum from continuing to produce progesterone inhibiting GnRH release.

Question 51

Human development exemplifies direct development,since the baby resembles the adult.

Question 52

A cervical cap is a silicone cup that fits within the vagina and covers the cervix.This contraceptive

A) prevents sperm from reaching the egg.
B) prevents ovulation.
C) leads to a non-viable embryo.
D) prevents implantation in the uterine wall.
E) because it is made of silicone, kills sperm.

Question 53

The ovarian cycle prepares the uterus for pregnancy.

Question 54

Male athletes who take synthetic steroids can become sterile due to lack of sperm production.This is because the synthetic steroids cause

A) a decrease in FSH and LH production.
B) an increase in FSH and LH production.
C) a decrease in FSH and an increase in LH production.
D) an increase in FSH and a decrease in LH production.
E) No answer is correct.

Question 55

Birth control pills contain a combination of estrogen and progesterone and prevent pregnancy by

A) preventing sperm from reaching the egg.
B) leading to a non-viable embryo.
C) preventing implantation in the uterine wall.
D) acting as a spermicide, killing sperm.
E) preventing ovulation.

Question 56

Birth control pills contain a combination of estrogen and progesterone.What effect would this have on the anterior pituitary?

A) It would secrete less FSH and LH.
B) It would secrete less gonadotrophin-releasing hormone.
C) It would secrete more gonadotrophin-releasing hormone.
D) It would secrete more FSH and LH.
E) There would be no effect on the anterior pituitary.

Question 57

A tubal ligation is a surgical procedure in which the Fallopian tubes are severed,and then tied.How would this cause sterility?

A) Oocytes cannot be produced by meiosis.
B) Oocytes cannot move to the uterus.
C) Oocytes cannot be produced by mitosis.
D) A woman cannot have an orgasm.
E) The ovary stops producing estrogen.

Question 58

Fruit fly development clearly exemplifies direct development,since the worm-like larva is so unlike the adult fly.

Question 59

Thalidomide was given to pregnant women from 1957 to 1961 to help relieve the symptoms of morning sickness.Thalidomide binds to and inactivates the protein cereblon,which is important in limb formation.If a woman took thalidomide during the ________ period of her baby's development,it could result in stunted growth of their limbs.

A) preembryonic
B) fetal
C) prezygotic
D) embryonic
E) delivery

Question 60

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone starts the cascade of hormones that promote sperm production in the human male.

Question 61

Which of the following STIs is caused by a protist?

A) trichomoniasis
B) HIV/AIDS
C) genital herpes
D) cervical cancer
E) a yeast infection

Question 62

Which statement about sexually transmitted infections is wrong?

A) STIs are unique to humans.
B) The most common STI in the United States is genital warts.
C) An individual with one STI can obtain another STI.
D) STIs spread through vaginal, oral, and anal sex.
E) Many STIs do not show initial symptoms, especially in men.

Question 63

Although not viable in humans,what is the result if two sperm fertilized an egg?

A) a haploid zygote with one-third of the total chromosomes from each gamete
B) a diploid zygote with one-half of the total chromosomes from each gamete
C) a diploid zygote with all of the chromosomes from each gamete
D) a triploid zygote with all of the chromosomes from each gamete
E) identical twins

Question 64

If a woman in labor has a dilated cervix,but her contractions remain too weak and are failing in progress,she may be given a synthetic form of ________ to stimulate stronger and consistent contractions.

A) oxytocin
B) progesterone
C) estrogen
D) calcium
E) testosterone

Question 65

An intrauterine device (IUD)prevents pregnancy by blocking the sperms from entering into the vagina.

Question 66

The expulsion of the placenta does not occur until the final stage of labor,since up to that point the placenta

A) removes waste from the fetus.
B) provides nourishment to the fetus.
C) provides oxygen to the fetus.
D) removes carbon dioxide from the fetus.
E) All answers are correct.

Question 67

Which is correct about sexually transmitted infections?

A) All STIs are treatable with antibiotics if caught early enough.
B) Viruses, bacteria, protists, and fungi can cause STIs.
C) STIs cannot be contracted through oral sex.
D) All STIs can kill a human if left untreated.
E) All answers are correct.

Question 68

Why does the surface of the oocyte change when the first sperm cell touches the oocyte?

A) to prevent the first sperm from further entering the egg before more of the outer layer of follicle cells is penetrated by other sperm
B) to prevent the first sperm from fertilizing the egg until the uterus is prepared for implantation
C) to allow the first sperm to enter the egg and fertilization to occur
D) to allow up to 200 sperm to enter the egg, though only one sperm will fertilize the egg
E) to prevent more than one sperm from entering the egg

Question 69

The events of the birthing process use positive feedback.The stretching of the cervix during prelabor or stage 1 of labor causes the hypothalamus to trigger the pituitary gland to release the hormone oxytocin,which causes uterine contractions.

Question 70

In the Australian giant cuttlefish,males compete to mate with females.Smaller males sometimes succeed in mating by

A) fighting and winning against larger males.
B) attracting a female with a lavish dance.
C) attacking a female and forcing mating with her.
D) disguising themselves as a female to gain access to a female.
E) releasing sperm into the water to perform external fertilization.