Deck 15: Architecture

Question 1

This architectural term means describes a structure created from a pile of material.

A) load-bearing
B) post-and-lintel
C) arch
D) steel frame
E) dome

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The great cultures of the ancient Mediterranean used columns in their buildings.Many of our buildings today include columns as a decorative detail.Why do you think that columns are still used in buildings,even though they are not always architecturally necessary? Are there social,historical,or political reasons why columns might be added to a building?

Answer 2

Answer will vary

Question 3

The Temple of Amun-Re,an ancient Egyptian hypostyle hall built nearly 3,500 years ago,is still one of the largest religious structures in the world.It is located at ________.

A) Madinat Habu
B) Luxor
C) Dendara
D) Philae
E) Karnak

Answer 3

E

Question 4

The remarkable load-bearing Maya pyramid Temple I at Tikal can be found in this modern country.

A) Iraq
B) Mexico
C) Egypt
D) Guatemala
E) China

Question 5

Architects consider this when designing a building.

A) the site
B) engineering
C) materials
D) the needs of the user
E) all of these answers

Question 6

This feature is NOT a basic part of a Greek column:

A) pendentive
B) capital
C) post
D) shaft
E) base

Question 7

A room that uses numerous columns to support a flat ceiling is known as a ________ hall.

A) hypostyle
B) peristyle
C) vault
D) stylobate
E) corbelled

Question 8

This architectural construction method consists of two uprights and a crossbeam.

A) dome
B) load-bearing
C) arch
D) post-and-lintel
E) vault

Question 9

At some construction sites,raw materials are found in abundance nearby.At others,the materials have been brought there from elsewhere at a greater amount of cost and time.What might be some of the reasons why an architect would choose materials that are not indigenous to a building site?

Question 10

The elaborate and complex Suleimanye mosque,designed by the architect Sinan,was built in the year:

A) 1557 CE
B) 300 BCE
C) 1850 BCE
D) 1985 CE
E) 1850 CE

Question 11

This kind of stress pushes on the structure of a building and must be countered by a pulling stress.

A) compression
B) tension
C) texture
D) thrust
E) momentum

Question 12

The Egyptians were the only ancient civilization to create load-bearing constructions.

Question 13

Which of these artists is not involved with the creation of architecture?

A) sculptor
B) architect
C) interior designer
D) landscape architect
E) structural designer

Question 14

The Greek architect Kallikrates designed the Temple of Athena Nike using this style of column,named after a region in coastal Greece.

A) Ionic
B) Doric
C) Corinthian
D) Egyptian
E) Romanesque

Question 15

In Taos Pueblo,New Mexico,an architect might opt to use this construction material in order to keep the aesthetic appearance of his or her building consistent with the surrounding architecture.

A) adobe brick
B) steel and glass
C) concrete
D) wood siding
E) ceramic tile

Question 16

The architect Fumihiko Maki began the process of designing a building for this New York City site by making a simple drawing.

A) World Trade Center
B) Statue of Liberty
C) Staten Island
D) Central Park
E) Empire State Building

Question 17

This type of arched span was first used in ancient Babylon and Mycenae.

A) pointed
B) staggered
C) rounded
D) corbeled
E) segmental

Question 18

In order to create an interior space,an architect must design a distance between two supports called ________.

A) a span
B) a stretch
C) an overlay
D) an elevation
E) a flat

Question 19

The juxtaposition of different buildings and styles of architecture in New York City creates a composition like ________ painting.

A) a Pointillist
B) an Impressionist
C) a Cubist
D) a Surrealist
E) a Minimalist

Question 20

This kind of stress pulls on the structure of a building and must be countered by a pushing stress.

A) momentum
B) compression
C) texture
D) thrust
E) tension

Question 21

This is the large central space of a Romanesque or Gothic cathedral.

A) nave
B) aisle
C) apse
D) crossing
E) ambulatory

Question 22

This feature of Gothic architecture allowed the weight of the ceiling to be transferred away from the walls so that larger windows could be built.

A) pointed arches
B) flying buttresses
C) vaults
D) ambulatories
E) aisles

Question 23

The Taj Mahal features four towers,each 162 ft.high,called ________,a characteristic feature of Islamic architecture.

A) minarets
B) qiblas
C) minbars
D) mihrabs
E) sahms

Question 24

The ancient Romans perfected this type of arch and often used it in their architecture.

A) rounded
B) corbeled
C) pointed
D) segmental
E) staggered

Question 25

Wooden architecture can never last longer than a thousand years.

Question 26

Vaults that have an exposed structural beam protruding from them for decorative purposes are called ________.

A) spanners
B) beamers
C) beam vaults
D) rib vaults
E) lifters

Question 27

The Church of Sainte-Madeleine at Vézelay in France was a stop along the Christian pilgrimage route to the holy church __________ in Spain.

A) Santiago de Compostela
B) San Martin de Tours
C) Basilica of San Isidoro
D) Sagrada Família
E) Leon Cathedral

Question 28

This is a ceiling based on the structural principles of the arch.

A) vault
B) cove
C) flat
D) peaked
E) drop

Question 29

Japanese wooden architecture uses a series of cross- and counter-________ to support the elaborate curved roofs of early temples.

A) beams
B) lintels
C) braces
D) posts
E) gabbards

Question 30

This religion is practiced in two of the oldest wooden buildings in the world,found at the Horyu Temple in Nara,Japan.

A) Islam
B) Hinduism
C) Shinto
D) Buddhism
E) Christianity

Question 31

The Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal to ________.

A) show the power of his reign
B) commemorate and entomb his third wife
C) use as a summer home
D) use as a mosque for daily prayers
E) none of the other answers

Question 32

This style of medieval cathedral was based on the architecture of Rome.

A) Gothic
B) Romanesque
C) Jacobean
D) Federalist
E) Old Empire

Question 33

This type of arch was integrated into Gothic architecture in order to help direct the worshiper's gaze upward.

A) pointed
B) rounded
C) corbeled
D) Moorish
E) segmental

Question 34

The unique foundation structure of the Taj Mahal may be compromised because of lower water levels in the Yamuna River in recent years.

Question 35

This type of window was used in Gothic cathedrals to enhance the religious experience of the worshiper.

A) transom
B) casement
C) stained-glass
D) jalousie
E) picture

Question 36

The visionary church leader Abbot Suger sought to intensify the spiritual experience of worshipers by revolutionizing church architecture.He was instrumental in establishing the architectural style known as ________.

A) Elizabethan
B) Romanesque
C) Early Christian
D) Jacobean
E) Gothic

Question 37

The Pont du Gard is a Roman construction used for conveying water,called ________.

A) an irrigation system
B) a viaduct
C) a water tower
D) an aqueduct
E) a well

Question 38

If an architect wanted to build a large square building with a domed roof,he or she would use this structural feature to transfer the load of the roof.

A) nave
B) rib vault
C) flying buttress
D) pointed arch
E) pendentive

Question 39

This ancient Mycenaean stone building,built around 1250 BCE,uses a corbeled arch to span the entryway.

A) Treasury of Atreus
B) Temple of Amun-Re
C) Suleimanye mosque
D) Temple of Athena Nike
E) Temple I in the Great Plaza

Question 40

These windows are set high above the nave in order to allow light into large open areas,such as the interior of the Hagia Sophia.

A) clerestory
B) stained-glass
C) casement
D) transom
E) jalousie

Question 41

Architect Louis Sullivan used this famous phrase to express his design philosophy.

A) "form follows function"
B) "less is more"
C) "machine for living"
D) "reach for the stars"
E) "look up"

Question 42

Le Corbusier and Frank Lloyd Wright were architects with strong visions who both designed houses that were meant to be lived in.Which of the two houses,Villa Savoye or Fallingwater,would you prefer to live in? Why?

Question 43

The Danish architect Jørn Utzon designed this eye-catching structure in Sydney,Australia,using reinforced concrete.

A) Sydney Opera House
B) Sydney Harbor Bridge
C) Parliament House
D) Strand Arcade
E) Chifley Tower

Question 44

In the nineteenth century,this material became both less costly and more widely available for construction.

A) glass
B) iron
C) concrete
D) steel
E) all of the other answers

Question 45

This architect,who pioneered the use of steel in architecture,is sometimes called the "father of Modernism."

A) Louis Sullivan
B) Walter Gropius
C) Gustave Eiffel
D) Joseph Paxton
E) Frank Lloyd Wright

Question 46

This cast-iron building was designed by Sir Joseph Paxton for the Great Exhibition of 1851,and was more than a third of a mile long.

A) Crystal Palace
B) Hagia Sophia
C) Eiffel Tower
D) Wainwright Building
E) Empire State Building

Question 47

The exterior of the Wainwright Building in St.Louis,Missouri,reflects the elements of this architectural form.

A) a flying buttress
B) a column
C) an arch
D) a vault
E) a dome

Question 48

The architect Le Corbusier's International Style favors a strongly ________ organization of forms.

A) organic
B) random
C) incongruent
D) geometric
E) natural

Question 49

This cataclysmic event,which led to the rebuilding of the downtown area of a major city,provided an opportunity for creative young architects to experiment.

A) the New York City Blizzard of 1888
B) the San Francisco Earthquake of 1906
C) the Great Fire of London of 1666
D) the Library of Congress Fire of 1851
E) the Chicago Fire of 1871

Question 50

The tallest building in the world,located in Dubai,United Arab Emirates,is named ________

A) Burj Khalifa
B) Freedom Tower
C) Skidmore Tower
D) Willis Tower
E) Tapei One

Question 51

Frank Lloyd Wright's Fallingwater cultivates an organic relationship between the building and its location by:

A) using materials chiefly from the surrounding countryside
B) coloring the concrete to match the rocks
C) mimicking the layers of the rocks in his design
D) letting the underlying rock jut into the living space
E) all of the other answers

Question 52

Chiswick House was designed by Richard Boyle,better known as ________,to reflect the style of the ancient Greeks and Romans.

A) Duke of Cambridge
B) Lord Burlington
C) Prince of Wales
D) Lord Rutledge
E) King of Wales

Question 53

Reinforced concrete is a raw material that has always been available,architects just did not like the look of it until the nineteenth century.

Question 54

The architects of the Renaissance looked to the ________ for their inspiration.

A) Egyptians
B) Chinese
C) Greeks and Romans
D) Sumerians and Persians
E) Minoans and Mycenaeans

Question 55

The Renaissance architect Donato Bramante designed a centrally planned church with a dome called the Tempietto,which is Italian for ________.

A) small tempest
B) small goddess
C) small temper
D) small trumpet
E) small temple

Question 56

Styles of art and architecture that were inspired by the Greeks and Romans are referred to as ________.

A) Preraphaelite
B) Rococo
C) Impressionist
D) Mannerist
E) Classical

Question 57

Cast iron was only invented in the eighteenth century

Question 58

This nineteenth-century North American construction method uses lightweight wooden frames,instead of heavy timbers,to support the building.

A) corbeling
B) post-and-lintel
C) post-and-beam
D) balloon framing
E) fluting

Question 59

The Crystal Palace inspired other architects,including ________,who created a tower in Paris that was originally intended to be temporary.

A) Abbot Suger
B) Louis Sullivan
C) Gustave Eiffel
D) Joseph Paxton
E) Walter Gropius

Question 60

This building material is a mixture of cement and ground stone.

A) wood
B) brick
C) steel
D) stone
E) concrete

Question 61

This architect designed the Quadracci Pavilion at the Milwaukee Art Museum.

A) Santiago Calatrava
B) Michael Graves
C) Jørn Utzon
D) Le Corbusier
E) Frank Lloyd Wright

Question 62

Why did Zaha Hadid decide to use glass as the primary building material for the ground level of the Contemporary Arts Center in Cincinnati,Ohio?

A) to give the building a weightless quality
B) because glass is stronger than concrete
C) to match all the other buildings in Cincinnati
D) to disconnect the building from the city
E) to copy the ancient Greeks

Question 63

This style of architecture,which began in the 1980s,combines the hard rectangles of Modernism with unusual materials and stylistic features from the past.

A) Art Nouveau
B) Postmodernism
C) Federalist
D) Old Empire
E) Pop art

Question 64

This Postmodernist building was designed by Michael Graves and is located in downtown Louisville,Kentucky.

A) the Persona Building
B) the Humana Building
C) the New Building
D) the Graves Building
E) none of the other answers

Question 65

The Center for Maximum Potential Building Systems,co-directed by the architects Vittori and Fisk since 1991,was created to make buildings more ________.

A) transparent
B) interesting
C) urban
D) efficient
E) environmentally friendly

Question 66

What style of building would you propose for the government center of your city,town,or region? Why?