Deck 7: Stress and Well-Being at Work

Question 1

The demand, person, activity, or event that triggers an uncomfortable encounter is known as:

A)stress
B)distress
C)the stressor
D)strain

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Role conflict results from:

A)lack of control
B)role ambiguity
C)work overload
D)inconsistent expectations

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Strain is the same as:

A)stress
B)distress
C)eustress
D)tension

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Task demands include all of the following except:

A)leadership style
B)lack of control
C)work overload
D)uncertainty

Question 5

The unconscious preparation to fight or flee that a person experiences when faced with any demand is known as:

A)avoidance
B)instinct
C)arousal
D)stress

Question 6

The approach to stress that is based on the concept of homeostasis is known as:

A)physiological
B)psychoanalytical
C)social psychological
D)psychological-cognitive

Question 7

The psychoanalytic approach to stress most likely includes which of the following personality dimensions?

A)self-monitoring
B)internal/external control
C)self-efficacy
D)self-esteem

Question 8

Which of the following people developed the idea of the stress response?

A)Richard Lazarus
B)Harry Levinson
C)Walter B. Cannon
D)Robert Kahn

Question 9

Utilizing the cognitive appraisal approach to stress, problem-focused coping emphasizes:

A)managing your response
B)managing the stressor
C)managing the set of role expectations such that there is a good person-situation fit
D)managing the gap between your ego-ideal and real self-image

Question 10

A manager who presses employees for both very fast work and high-quality work would likely cause:

A)interrole conflict
B)intrarole conflict
C)person-role conflict
D)role ambiguity

Question 11

An employee with a major sales presentation on Monday and a sick child at home Sunday night is likely to experience:

A)interrole conflict
B)intrarole conflict
C)person-role conflict
D)role ambiguity

Question 12

The medical approach to stress is most similar to:

A)the person-environment fit approach
B)the cognitive appraisal approach
C)the psychoanalytic approach
D)homeostatic approach

Question 13

The person-environment fit approach to studying and understanding stress emphasizes:

A)homeostasis
B)cognitive appraisal of the stress situation
C)ego involvement
D)social and organizational role stress

Question 14

The person-environment fit approach to stress emphasizes the:

A)fit between external and internal role expectations
B)belief that effort will lead to performance
C)notion that perception and cognitive evaluations of situations differ and accordingly stress is mostly determined by perception
D)idea that the fit between a person's self-image or concept and their ideal generates large stress when there is lack of fit

Question 15

Organizations need to be sensitive to sources of stress, which include all of the following except:

A)work
B)nonwork
C)global
D)resource

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a source of stress at work?

A)task demands
B)interpersonal demands
C)psychological demands
D)role demands

Question 17

Two of the most stressful demands people face at work are:

A)change and heavy workload
B)lack of control and heavy workload
C)change and lack of control
D)change and lack of clear direction

Question 18

The adverse psychological, physical, behavioral, and organizational consequence that may occur as a result of stressful events is known as:

A)distress
B)the stressor
C)the stress response
D)anxiety disorder

Question 19

The fight-or-flight stress response is most closely associated with which approach to stress?

A)homeostatic
B)cognitive appraisal
C)person-environment fit
D)psychoanalytic

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a mind-body change associated with stress?

A)redirection of blood to brain and large muscle groups
B)increased sensory alertness
C)release of glucose into bloodstream
D)normal physical fatigue

Question 21

All of the following are stress-related interpersonal demands of the workplace except:

A)an authoritarian leadership style
B)sexual harassment
C)emotional toxins
D)intrarole conflict

Question 22

Organizational costs of distress may take the form of all of the following except:

A)performance loss
B)interpersonal conflicts
C)sabotage
D)compensation awards

Question 23

The Yerkes-Dodson law suggests the relationship between stress level and performance arousal is:

A)u-shaped
B)linear and negative
C)bell-shaped
D)depends on the person

Question 24

All of the following are approaches, services, or work arrangements intended to minimize the impact of nonwork demands on work except:

A)flextime scheduling
B)job sharing
C)telecommuting
D)mentoring

Question 25

Healthy or normal stress is known as:

A)stressless
B)nostress
C)eustress
D)normstress

Question 26

Individuals possessing a Type A personality:

A)are socially secure
B)are less prone than Type B personalities to heart attacks
C)may become aggressive, even somewhat hostile when faced with conflict and other work-related difficulties
D)tend to be relatively calm in difficult situations

Question 27

Costs associated with absenteeism, tardiness, strikes, work stoppages, and turnover are known as:

A)performance decrements
B)participation problems
C)unrealistic job interview problems
D)intrarole conflict

Question 28

A personality that tends to be resistant to distress is:

A)overdependent
B)Type A in nature
C)counterdependent
D)hardy

Question 29

All of the following would be considered a source of stress due to interpersonal demands except:

A)role ambiguity
B)functional diversity
C)leadership style
D)sexual harassment

Question 30

A positive consequence of organizational distress may take the form of:

A)performance decrements
B)absenteeism
C)employee work stoppage
D)functional turnover

Question 31

Which of the following is the best example of a positive (challenge) stressor?

A)role conflict
B)role ambiguity
C)time pressure
D)the degree politics affects organizational decisions

Question 32

The two major categories of "role stress" at work include:

A)role conflict and role overload
B)role conflict and role ambiguity
C)role ambiguity and role overload
D)role overload and ethical conflict

Question 33

Assume you are a supervisor of ten employees, one of whom is clearly a Type A personality. Which of the following approaches would you follow to effectively manage this employee?

A)Frequently remind the employee about schedules and deadlines.
B)Try to maintain a certain level of conflict with the employee because this will stimulate higher performance.
C)Keep the employee very busy by adding tasks and projects to the person's workload.
D)Assist the employee through encouraging time management applications and convincing the person to pace him or herself.

Question 34

Benefits of eustress include all of the following except:

A)increased arousal
B)bursts of physical strength
C)cardiovascular efficiency
D)overstimulation

Question 35

A manager instructs an employee to ship an item with a minor defect to a customer. This is an example of:

A)role ambiguity
B)person-role conflict
C)interrole conflict
D)non-role conflict

Question 36

The Yerkes-Dodson law suggests that:

A)initial stress (or the onset of stress) causes performance to drop significantly
B)in the midrange of the stress-performance curve, performance tends to be greatest
C)stress and performance are unrelated
D)stress and performance are inversely related

Question 37

Psychosomatic disorders:

A)are a form of burnout
B)lead to obsessive behavior
C)are physical ailments that begin in the mind
D)can always be traced to the work situation

Question 38

Role ambiguity is:

A)the difficulty stemming from a situation where expectations of two roles conflict
B)conflicting expectations within a single role
C)the difficulty a person has in reconciling job demands and personal values
D)the confusion one experiences related to the expectations of others

Question 39

Three direct costs of organizational distress include:

A)participation problems, performance decrements, and compensation awards
B)functional turnover, performance variation, and compensation awards
C)functional turnover, participation problems, and compensation awards
D)performance variation, participation problems, and compensation awards

Question 40

The three forms of individual distress include:

A)psychological, medical, and behavioral problems
B)participation problems, performance decrements, and compensations deficit
C)work-related, stress-related, and organizational
D)personal, interpersonal, and intrapersonal

Question 41

The cognitive appraisal approach to stress emphasizes the fit between a person and his or her environment in terms of individual abilities and task or role demands.

Question 42

It is unfortunate that stress carries a negative connotation as though it were something to be avoided.

Question 43

Problem-focused coping focuses on managing and controlling the stressor.

Question 44

An important role in the prevention of injury is:

A)outside exercise that exposes you to sunshine which is linked to serotonin generation
B)low intensity exercise
C)exercising longer than 15 or 20 minutes
D)physical activities such as racquetball, squash, tennis, running

Question 45

The stress-handling strategy that is considered an alternative to transformational coping and may lead to short-term stress reduction at the cost of long-term healthy life adjustment is:

A)tertiary prevention
B)counterdependence
C)regressive coping
D)stress avoidance and withdrawal

Question 46

An individual who is relatively good at transformational coping is/has:

A)an external locus of control
B)overdependent
C)a hardy personality
D)a low tolerance for ambiguity

Question 47

The stage in preventive stress management designed to heal individual or organizational symptoms of distress and strain is called:

A)primary prevention
B)secondary prevention
C)tertiary prevention
D)job redesign

Question 48

The fight-or-flight response to stress is based on an environmental demand that upsets a person's natural steady state according to the homeostatic approach.

Question 49

Secondary prevention is intended to:

A)reduce, modify, or eliminate the demand causing stress
B)alter or modify the individual's or the organization's response to a demand
C)heal individual or organizational symptoms of distress and strain
D)eliminate key environmental sources of stress or provide direct intervention to reduce the source of the stress

Question 50

Self-reliance is a healthy, secure, _____ pattern of behavior.

A)overdependent
B)counterdependent
C)psychologically distant
D)interdependent

Question 51

As a supervisor of claim adjusters for a property and casualty insurance company, you assign and reassign adjusters to handle routine and emergency situations. Your managerial skills have become severely tested because several adjusters, after short-term emergency assignments, are threatening to quit. What short-term approach to their stressful situation would be most appropriate?

A)Reduce task demands and make sure no adjuster works more than five days a week.
B)Place them on sick leave or provide immediate comp time.
C)Arrange for psychological counseling.
D)Rotate them back to their home location and place them on medical leave.

Question 52

The job strain model presented in your text suggests:

A)high job demands lead to a high-strain job
B)low self-determination leads to a high-strain job
C)an active job is associated with high strain
D)that the combination of high job demand and restricted job decision latitude leads to a high-strain job

Question 53

Job redesign, goal setting, and career management would be organizational stress prevention strategies applied at which stage of prevention?

A)escalating stage
B)primary stage
C)reduction stage
D)secondary stage

Question 54

A secondary prevention method of organizational stress is:

A)job redesign
B)role negotiation
C)goal setting
D)team building

Question 55

An employee assistance program is:

A)an individual prevention approach to stress relief or reduction
B)a first level or primary stress prevention approach
C)an organizational approach to stress reduction
D)normally an aftercare program for employee drug abusers

Question 56

Evaluative feedback is an aspect of a(n) _____ approach to stress prevention.

A)social support system
B)focal role definition
C)task specification
D)uncertainty reduction

Question 57

According to Harry Levinson and Freudian psychoanalytic theory, self-image is the embodiment of a person's perfect self.

Question 58

A manager's decision to reduce task demands in a stress management situation is:

A)symptom directed
B)secondary prevention
C)stressor directed
D)asymptomatic

Question 59

Job redesign as a stress prevention method may involve any one or all of the following except:

A)changing the schedule of work and the sequencing of tasks
B)giving the worker inspection responsibility or expanding the employee's job decision latitude
C)reducing job tasks
D)setting output goals

Question 60

Learned optimism is:

A)a secondary individual stress prevention method
B)the planning and prioritizing of tasks
C)is non-negative thinking
D)is a strong Type A personality characteristic

Question 61

Nonwork demands may broadly be identified as home demands from an individual's personal life environment and personal demands that are self-imposed.

Question 62

Type B personalities display insecure behavior and may respond aggressively in conflict situations.

Question 63

The stress response can activate some bodily systems and cause others to operate at reduced capacity.

Question 64

Primary stress prevention is designed to reduce and possibly eliminate the source of stress, or the stressor.

Question 65

Employee assistance programs have been designed in part to provide help to employees in coping with nonwork demands.

Question 66

Counterdependence is a healthy, secure, interdependent pattern of behavior that is useful when facing stressful situations.

Question 67

Match the following:
a.The embodiment of a person's perfect self.
b.An equilibrium or steady state of bodily functioning.
c.Adverse consequences of stress.
d.The unconscious preparation to fight or flee.
e.The view of one's self.
Distress

Question 68

The natural stress response has been shown to be inherently bad or destructive.

Question 69

Change and lack of control are two of the most stressful demands people face at work.

Question 70

Men and women have different vulnerabilities to stress.

Question 71

Self-reliant individuals tend to be better at transformational coping.

Question 72

Type A behavior is also labeled coronary-prone behavior.

Question 73

Interrole conflict is caused by conflicting expectations related to a single role.

Question 74

Transformational coping is actively changing an event into something less subjectively stressful by viewing it in a broader life perspective.

Question 75

Regardless of the stress approach used, the stress response can be characterized by a predictable sequence of mind and body events.

Question 76

Emotional toxins typically don't spread through a work environment and cause a range of disturbances.

Question 77

Psychological detachment from work can be a successful strategy for coping with work stressors and reduce the psychological strain associated with work place bullying.

Question 78

Role ambiguity and task uncertainty both indicate lack of information.

Question 79

Match the following:
a.The embodiment of a person's perfect self.
b.An equilibrium or steady state of bodily functioning.
c.Adverse consequences of stress.
d.The unconscious preparation to fight or flee.
e.The view of one's self.
Homeostasis

Question 80

Individuals who display hardiness tend to be Type A personalities.