Deck 17: Career Management

Question 1

Entry into organizations is complicated by a variety of conflicts. Which of the following is not considered a conflict important to organizational entry?

A)the conflict between the organization's effort to attract candidates and the individual's choice of an organization
B)the conflict between the individual's attempt to attract several organizations and the organization's need to select the best candidate
C)the conflict between the individual's desire for several job offers and the need to make a good choice
D)the conflict between the individual, the organization, and the individual's closest social group with respect to expectations regarding job type, career opportunities, and monetary rewards

Answer 1

D

Question 2

RJPs result in all of the following except:

A)a more effective match
B)higher organizational commitment
C)higher job information
D)unrealistic expectations

Answer 2

D

Question 3

According to the expectancy view of organizational choice, individuals choose organizations:

A)that maximize positive outcomes and avoid negative outcomes
B)based on satisficing
C)that they perceive treat employees in an equitable manner
D)that satisfy their basic needs

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following organizational choice and entry conflicts is most favorable to the individual seeking a job?

A)individual's attempt to attract the firm and the individual's choice of firm
B)individual's choice of firm and organization's selection of individuals
C)individual's organizational choice and the firm's efforts to attract individuals
D)organization's efforts to attract individuals and organizational selection of individuals

Question 5

An assumption that drives Holland's theory is that people choose occupations:

A)based on economic reasons
B)based on vocational inventory instruments
C)based on what they perceive their strengths have been
D)based on matches with their own personality

Question 6

According to Holland's theory of occupational choice, there are six types of personalities and that each is characterized by a set of interests or values. Which of the following is an example of a realistic occupation?

A)real estate agent
B)architect
C)surgeon
D)mechanical engineer

Question 7

Career management includes all of the following except:

A)setting personal goals
B)job training
C)developing strategies for achieving goals
D)revising goals based on work and life experiences

Question 8

Discrete exchange means:

A)explicit exchange of specified rewards in return for task performance
B)implicit trading of employee compliance in return for job security
C)allowing job rewards to be routinely deferred into the future
D)leaving the mutual loyalty assumptions as a political barrier to renegotiations

Question 9

Giving potential employees a realistic picture of the job they are applying for means:

A)providing prospective candidates with results of a job satisfaction survey
B)providing value clarification services in order to insure there is a culture/personality fit
C)giving both positive and negative information regarding the organization
D)providing the candidate with the strengths of the organization with respect to its position in the industry and its strategic capabilities

Question 10

The pattern of work-related experiences that span the course of a person's life is known as:

A)a career
B)growth
C)job ladder
D)advancement

Question 11

Corporate allegiance meant:

A)shared employer and employee commitment to the goal of a project
B)financial and reputation rewards stemming from project outcomes
C)social relationships within corporate boundaries being actively encouraged
D)constant rearrangement of reporting relationships as projects required

Question 12

Which of the following is an incorrect match of Holland's personality types and occupations?

A)artistic.....................music teacher
B)realistic....................pro baseball player
C)social........................social worker
D)enterprising...............insurance agent

Question 13

The best attitude toward change in the new work environment is:

A)to develop change management skills
B)to think of organizational change not as a disruption to your work, but instead as the central focus of your work
C)to become a transformational leader
D)to appreciate that there are different models of change for different types of change

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT one of the attributes of the "new" career?

A)discrete exchange
B)organizational empowerment
C)organizational change agent
D)project allegiance

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of discrete exchange?

A)explicit exchange of specified rewards in return for task performance
B)mutual loyalty
C)basing rewards on market value
D)flexibility as each party's interest and market circumstances change

Question 16

The best way to stay employed is to:

A)choose a major that will be in high demand well into the future
B)utilize the first six months of the socialization process to become thoroughly familiar with the organizations culture
C)identify future stars within the organization and attempt to develop a positive relationship with them
D)see yourself as being in business for yourself, even if you work for someone else

Question 17

An example of the subjective element of a career is:

A)the number of jobs in your chosen occupation
B)your perception of your potential in a chosen occupation
C)organizational orientation to a new job
D)the application for and receipt of an occupational license

Question 18

A way of avoiding inherent conflicts between the individual and organization regarding job choice is:

A)conflict resolution
B)reality counseling
C)use of a mediator
D)realistic job preview

Question 19

Occupational excellence means:

A)continually honing skills that can be marketed across organizations
B)forgoing technical or functional development in favor of firm-specific learning
C)employees identifying with and focusing on what is happening in their particular firm
D)relying on the firm to specify jobs and their associated occupational skill base

Question 20

According to Holland, all of the following are considered important personality types in choosing an occupation except the:

A)conventional
B)enterprising
C)investigative
D)stable

Question 21

Individuals reassess their goals and feel the need to make changes in their career dreams during which stage of the career stage model?

A)withdrawal
B)maintenance
C)advancement
D)establishment

Question 22

The expectation of most persons as they enter and experience the advancement career stage is that they will:

A)remain in the same job until the maintenance stage
B)change jobs and employers frequently
C)progress through a series of jobs with increasing responsibilities and challenge and become part of management
D)drop out of the workforce once or twice to go back to college to achieve an advanced degree

Question 23

A mentor who tells a new employee about the power structure in the firm is providing _____ support.

A)emotional
B)modeling
C)informational
D)protection

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT an issue that is important to the advancement stage of the career stage model?

A)finding a mentor
B)managing conflict between work and personal life
C)working out dual-career partnerships
D)life satisfaction

Question 25

Which of the following would be INCORRECT concerning the four-stage career model?

A)The establishment stage could be only a few (2 or 3) years to 20 years.
B)Withdrawal could occur as early as 50 years of age.
C)The four stages are mutually exclusive.
D)A significant occupation/career change could cycle a person from advancement back to establishment.

Question 26

A person's most significant career achievements are likely to occur in the _____ career stage.

A)establishment
B)entry and apprenticeship
C)advancement
D)maintenance

Question 27

The person who most typically provides evaluative feedback to the newcomer employee is:

A)a mentor
B)a nonsupervisory coworker
C)a senior manager two levels above in the hierarchy
D)an immediate superior

Question 28

During the establishment stage, which of the following is NOT a noteworthy transition?

A)from school to work
B)from dependence on parents to dependence on self
C)from outsider to insider
D)from independent to interdependent thinking

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT an important characteristic that defines a good mentoring relationship?

A)Mentoring should be consistent with the culture and organizational goals.
B)Both mentors and protégés should be trained in ways to manage the relationship.
C)Mentors should be accountable and rewarded for their role.
D)Mentors should have high-level positions within the organization.

Question 30

According to Levinson's life stages and career stages, middle adulthood is best associated with:

A)the establishment stage
B)the withdrawal stage
C)the advancement/maintenance stage
D)the establishment/advancement stage

Question 31

The change and acquisition stage of organizational socialization occurs during the _____ career stage.

A)establishment
B)organizational entry
C)maintenance
D)advancement

Question 32

Sequences of job experiences along which employees move during their career is known as:

A)career ladders
B)career lattice
C)career paths
D)career growth

Question 33

According to Levinson, an important personal life transition that includes separation from parents and greater emotional and financial independence occurs during the:

A)maintenance stage
B)advancement stage
C)establishment stage
D)separation stage

Question 34

An approach to building competencies by moving laterally through different departments or different projects is:

A)horizontal integration
B)a horizontal career path
C)career lattice
D)a career path

Question 35

Which of the following statements best reflects the relevance of EI to career success in different cultures?

A)EI is not important because it is difficult to measure.
B)EI is subject to different cultures and therefore difficult to generalize.
C)EI has been found to be important in many cultures.
D)EI has not been investigated in different cultures.

Question 36

An implicit agreement between an individual and an organization that specifies what each is expected to give and receive in the relationship is known as:

A)an employment contract
B)a work agreement
C)a psychological contract
D)reciprocity

Question 37

Which type of support in psychological contracts provides empathy, esteem, caring, or love?

A)informational
B)emotional
C)modeling
D)evaluative

Question 38

All of the following are functions provided by a mentor except:

A)formal training
B)sponsorship
C)coaching and counseling
D)facilitating exposure and visibility

Question 39

Almost 40% of new managers fail within the first 18 months on the job because of:

A)a lack of organizational support
B)a lack of technical training that most importantly includes weak financial skills
C)a lack of human skills
D)poor socialization by the organization and unrealistic previews of what the job will entail

Question 40

Which of the following type of person will NOT be successful in the new career paradigm?

A)flexible
B)tolerant of ambiguity
C)energized by ambiguity
D)hierarchical

Question 41

All of the following are considered keys to the success of a formal mentoring program except:

A)participation should be voluntary
B)training should be provided to mentors
C)mentors should have high EQ scores
D)a graceful exit should be provided for mismatches

Question 42

Which of the following career anchors expresses a person's desire for freedom?

A)security/stability
B)technical/functional competence
C)creativity
D)autonomy and independence

Question 43

Work-home conflicts are typically first encountered during which phase of the career stage?

A)advancement
B)withdrawal
C)maintenance
D)establishment

Question 44

An essential activity of the withdrawal career stage is:

A)mentoring
B)careful planning
C)consulting
D)increased job stress

Question 45

A relatively new source of work-home conflict is:

A)need for childcare
B)lack of transportation
C)neighborhood crime
D)need for eldercare

Question 46

The midlife transition includes all of the following except:

A)the realization that life may be half over and they are mortal
B)that age forty is considered by people in their twenties and thirties to be "over the hill" and not part of the youthful culture
C)the tendency for dreams to be reevaluated and a determination made as to how close they have come to achieving those dreams
D)the concern that the aging of one's children tends to result in their leaving home for school or work and the onset of a grieving process

Question 47

An appropriate occupation/job for a person with a technical/functional competence anchor is:

A)machine operator in clothing manufacturing
B)accountant
C)freelance photographer
D)assembly line worker

Question 48

Flextime, compressed workweeks, work-at-home arrangements, part-time hours, job sharing, and leave options are all considered:

A)to be expensive but necessary in today's working environment
B)to be time savers because they allow employees to spend more time at work
C)alternative work arrangements necessary to manage work-home conflicts
D)initiatives directed more toward women so they will be attracted to the job market

Question 49

A common experience during the maintenance stage is:

A)lowered job performance and termination
B)demotion and downgrade job changes
C)transition to nonsupervisory positions
D)career plateau

Question 50

All of the following are stages of the mentoring relationship except:

A)initiation
B)cultivation
C)redefinition
D)learning

Question 51

KPMG has provided a fluid and supportive program focusing on work-life balance, including alternative work arrangements like compressed workweeks, flextime, and telecommuting for:

A)the sandwich generation
B)baby boomers
C)gen X'ers
D)gen Y'ers

Question 52

Someone with a security/stability career anchor would prefer work as a/an:

A)tenured college professor
B)commercial airline pilot
C)entrepreneur
D)salesperson

Question 53

According to the career research of Edgar Schein, career anchors are:

A)objective assessments of one's abilities
B)determined by one's childhood and family background
C)changing as one moves through the four-stage career model
D)self-assessed talents, motives, and values that guide career decisions

Question 54

An important issue for someone in the maintenance career stage is:

A)career regression
B)sustaining performance
C)finding a career anchor
D)retirement

Question 55

The most difficult phase of a mentoring relationship is:

A)initiation
B)cultivation
C)separation
D)redefinition

Question 56

The most common work-home conflict develops because of:

A)extensive out-of-town travel of one or both partners
B)family member illness
C)child's educational requirements
D)lack of job progression opportunities for one of the partners

Question 57

Sustaining performance and becoming a mentor are two issues individuals need to address during:

A)the maintenance stage
B)the advancement stage
C)the withdrawal stage
D)the establishment stage

Question 58

If the separation phase of the mentoring relationship has been successful, what phase will occur next?

A)cultivation
B)independence
C)redefinition
D)learning

Question 59

A relationship where both people have important career roles is called:

A)a conflicting partnership
B)conflicting careers
C)a career stressor
D)a dual-career partnership

Question 60

Self-perceived talents, motives, and values that guide an individual's career decisions are called:

A)visions
B)life goals
C)career anchors
D)career planning

Question 61

Emotional intelligence has not been shown to be important to career success in different cultures.

Question 62

Project allegiance means that when an organization gains productivity while a person gains work experience that renegotiation of the relationship must occur.

Question 63

In Holland's occupational choice research, persons with enterprising personalities are analytical, curious, and independent.

Question 64

The stigma associated with frequent job changes has largely disappeared.

Question 65

Career management is a lifelong process of learning about self, jobs, and organizations; setting personal career goals; developing strategies for achieving the goals; and revising the goals based on work and life experiences.

Question 66

The old career paradigm is dead.

Question 67

Under the concept of the new career paradigm, project allegiance has replaced organizational allegiance.

Question 68

Enterprising is one of Holland's six types of personalities.

Question 69

Conflicts in the entry into an organization may result in unrealistic expectations on the part of the candidate.

Question 70

Almost 40% of new managers fail within the first eighteen months on the job.

Question 71

An intentional and purposeful commitment to taking charge of your professional life will be necessary in managing the new career.

Question 72

The best way to stay employed is to see yourself as being in business for yourself, even if you work for someone else.

Question 73

The idea of the fast track to the top of the hierarchical organization is past.

Question 74

According to Daniel Goleman, emotional intelligence is just as important as raw intelligence.

Question 75

Holland's typology has been used to classify occupational types and occupations but the typology has not been used to predict career choices of international participants.

Question 76

A new career is characterized by discrete exchange, occupational excellence, organizational empowerment, and project allegiance.

Question 77

According to the expectancy theory, individuals choose organizations that maximize positive outcomes and avoid negative outcomes.

Question 78

Emotional intelligence tends to decrease as one advances through life.

Question 79

The people who will be most successful in the new career paradigm are individuals who are energized by change and tolerant of ambiguity.

Question 80

Occupational excellence means continually honing skills that can be marketed across organizations.