Question 1

Which statement(s) best reflects the cognitive development of adolescents?&#10;A) Thinking becomes abstract, creative, and complex.&#10;B) Adolescents have difficulty with problem solving.&#10;C) Adolescents learn the consequences of their actions.&#10;D) Both A and C are correct.&#10;E) All of the above are correct.

Accepted Answer

Their ability to think becomes more creative, complex, and efficient (speed and adeptness).It is more thorough, organized, and systematic than it was in late childhood.Adolescents' ability to problem-solve and reason becomes increasingly sophisticated, and they develop the capacity to think abstractly (i.e., they do not require concrete examples).Initially, they are less likely to apply this more sophisticated thinking to new situations.

Question 2

Sixteen-year-old Harry has little interest in exploring his career or academic options.He only wants to hang out with his friends.What term most closely describes this?&#10;A) Identity achievement&#10;B) Identity diffusion&#10;C) Identity formation&#10;D) Moratorium

Accepted Answer

Identity diffusion, common in early adolescence, is the least defined sense of personal identity.In this identity state, an adolescent avoids or ignores the task of exploring his or her identity and has little interest in exploring options.These adolescents have yet to make a commitment to choices, interests, or values.The question "who am I" is not a significant issue.They tend to avoid or have difficulties meeting the day-to-day demands of life, such as completing schoolwork or participating in sports or extracurricular activities.

Question 3

What is the occupational therapy (OT) practitioner's role in working with adolescents with disabilities?&#10;A) None, because OT practitioners work only with younger children.&#10;B) They help the adolescent achieve in school.&#10;C) They work on writing and motor skills as they interfere with school only.&#10;D) They facilitate the teen's transition to young adulthood.

Accepted Answer

Adolescents with disabilities do not always have opportunities to make choices about their appearance and to experiment with change as part of their adolescence experience.Exploring self and body image is more difficult for them, since these adolescents may depend on others for their self care, may not have their own money, and often lack independence in community mobility.Maintaining their child-like status, rather than adjusting to the emotional and psychological changes and demands of adolescence, may be more comfortable for their parents.Within the framework of therapy, OT practitioners can facilitate experimentation and also support parents in their attempts to encourage typical adolescent activities (such as the transition to adulthood).

Question 4

What influences the onset of menarche?&#10;A) Race&#10;B) Socioeconomic status&#10;C) Heredity&#10;D) Both A and C&#10;E) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Race, socioeconomic status, heredity, and nutrition influence menarche in girls.Ovulation typically starts 12-18 months after menarche and at the peak period of physical growth.

Question 5

Gerry is a 14-year-old boy who regularly breaks rules and has pierced his nose, but he holds a steady job after school.Which statement reflects this behavior?&#10;A) Antisocial behavior&#10;B) Atypical behavior&#10;C) Destructive behavior&#10;D) Typical, contradictory behavior

Accepted Answer

Adjusting to these physical changes and developing a healthy body image contribute to a positive self-concept.This is a process of self-evaluation related to other abilities and competencies in physical activities (e.g., competitive sports).It also involves experimenting with changing one's physical appearance to express individuality.This can be simple and temporary, such as dying or cutting one's hair, or a more permanent statement such as body piercing and tattoos.

Question 6

Which strategy is not suggested when working with adolescents with cognitive impairments?&#10;A) Give specific feedback with concrete examples.&#10;B) Be consistent and use repetition.&#10;C) Select activities that match the teen's abilities.&#10;D) Present multiple instructions at a time.

Accepted Answer

See Box 9-3
Strategies for working with adolescents with cognitive impairments are as follows:
.Identify how each teen learns best.Ask the teen, family, or teachers.
.Identify strengths and build from existing skills.
.Offer specific choices (Which of these three things would you like to do?) rather than an open-ended choice (What would you like to do?).
.Select activities that match the teen's abilities, needs, and interests.Offer activities that are age related but within the performance level of the teen (e.g., themes that deal with developmental needs such as relationships, appearance, grooming, and self-identity).
.Break down activities into simple steps that are achievable, but provide a challenge.
.Keep instructions simple.
.Present only one instruction or step at a time.
.Increase instructions only if the client consistently follows current directions.
.Present directions systematically.
.Use many methods of instruction (e.g., verbal instructions, demonstrations, visual cues such as pictures, step-by-step diagrams, and the hand-over-hand technique).
.Help the client develop and learn a new skill in a familiar setting before using the skill in novel settings (e.g., the community).
.Give specific feedback with concrete examples.Describe the correct or incorrect skill or behavior demonstrated."Good" is an example of encouragement; it does not give clear feedback on performance.
.Be consistent and use repetition.
.Do not introduce variety without a reason.Change can mean new cognitive demands for the teen and can increase the stress of learning.Flexibility and behavioral and cognitive adaptations are difficult for adolescents with cognitive impairments.

Question 7

Which fact is not true concerning American teenagers?&#10;A) Eighteen percent of adolescents are overweight.&#10;B) Depression is a significant health concern.&#10;C) Seventy-five percent of teens report using marijuana.&#10;D) Alcohol is the most widely used drug by adolescents.

Accepted Answer

See Quick Facts: American Teenagers
.In the United States, there were 20.6 million teens are between the ages of 10 and 14 years and 21.2 million between the ages of 15 and 19 years.A third of the American population (31.2 million) are adolescent-young adults.
.The adolescent population is increasingly becoming more diverse racially and ethnically than the profile of the general population.White non-Hispanic adolescents make up 52.2% and this figure is expected to drop below 50% by 2050, 16.5% are Hispanic; 13.6% are Black, non-Hispanic; 3.9% are Asian; and 0.9% are American Indian/Alaskan native
.More than half of all adolescents live in suburban areas of the United States; the highest percentage of adolescents aged 10-19 live in the south (35.6%), followed by the Midwest, west, and east at 23.5%, 22.7%, and 18.1%, respectively.
.In 2004, 10.3% of adolescents between the ages of 16 and 24 years were not enrolled in school and did not have a high school credential.Dropout rates declined in 2000; more males (12%) than females (9%) dropped out of high school (2004).
.One-third of high school students are working.
.Almost 16% of all adolescents 10-17 years of age lived in families with incomes below the poverty threshold ($19,971 per year in 2005, for a family of four).An additional 20% of adolescents lived in families near poverty.Black and Hispanic adolescents are more likely to experience poverty.
.In 2005, 25% percent of white non-Hispanic adolescents, 60% of non-Hispanic Black adolescents, and 35% of Hispanic adolescents lived with a single parent (mother or father).

Question 8

What is generally true of the photographs of adolescents in teen magazines, television, and media?&#10;A) Adolescents are generally shown as overweight.&#10;B) Media do not show a diversity of types.&#10;C) Media present a realistic body type.&#10;D) Media present an ethnic variety.

Accepted Answer

Adolescents compare their bodies and appearances with "ideal masculine and feminine" images.This social comparison is a significant dimension of body image perception and attitude toward one's body.It is pervasive in the media and manipulated by marketing (e.g., advertisements, teen magazines, TV shows, music videos, and the fashion industry).These images bear little relationship to the ethnic or physical appearance of the diverse population of American teens or their lifestyles.Therefore, it is not surprising that many adolescents struggle with their physical images and are critical of their bodies.

Question 9

Which stage of adolescent development involves the teen being engrossed with self (e.g., interested in personal appearance), decreased compliance with parents' rules, questioning of adults, and changing moods and behaviors?

A) Early adolescence
B) Middle adolescence
C) Late adolescence
D) All stages

Accepted Answer

Early adolescence development is described as follows:
· Being engrossed with self (e.g., interested in personal appearance).
· Emotional separation from parents (e.g., reduced participation in family activities); less overt display of affection toward parents.
· Decrease in compliance with parents' rules or limits, as well as challenging of other authority figures (e.g., teachers, coaches).
· Questioning of adults' opinions (e.g., critical of and challenging their parents' opinions, advice, and expectations); seeing parents as having faults.
· Changing moods and behavior.
· Mostly same-sex friendships, with strong feelings toward these peers.
· Demonstration of abstract thinking.
· Idealistic fantasizing about careers; thinking about possible future self and role(s).
· Importance of privacy (e.g., having own bedroom with doors closed, writing diaries, having private telephone conversations).
· Interest in experiences related to personal sexual development and exploring sexual feelings (e.g., masturbation).
· Self-consciousness, display of modesty, blushing, awkwardness about self and body.
· Ability to self-regulate emotional expression; limited behavior (e.g., not thinking beyond immediate wants or needs, therefore being susceptible to peer pressure).
· Experimenting with drugs (cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana).

Question 10

Which statement refers to self-efficacy?&#10;A) View of one's body.&#10;B) View of one's physical performance.&#10;C) View of one's strengths and weaknesses.&#10;D) View of how others see one.

Accepted Answer

Successful participation in these popular age-related groups can transfer beyond the context of therapy by building self-efficacy and autonomy.Identifying and developing performance skills enhance self-efficacy and self-esteem, which, in turn, promotes a positive sense of self.

Question 11

Sixteen-year-old Cindy has decided to go to college to become a veterinarian.She is working in the summer to raise money for tuition.What term most closely describes this?&#10;A) Identity achievement&#10;B) Identity diffusion&#10;C) Identity formation&#10;D) Moratorium

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sixteen-year-old Cindy has decided to go to...

Question 12

Which statement reflects social participation in adolescents?&#10;A) Adolescents avoid cliques and enjoy solitary activities.&#10;B) Adolescents value parents and authority figures more than peers.&#10;C) Sense of belonging, acceptance, and friends play a significant role in development.&#10;D) Teen friendships involve superficial sharing and are not meaningful.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which statement reflects social participation in adolescents?&#10;A)...

Question 13

Which age range most closely represents adolescence?&#10;A) 3-5 years&#10;B) 6-12 years&#10;C) 12-18 years&#10;D) 18-22 years

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which age range most closely represents adolescence?&#10;A)...

Question 14

For adolescents, which phase of psychosocial development is the most intense period of development, during which peers replace parents as the primary influence and conformity with peer groups is desirable?

A) Early adolescence
B) Middle adolescence
C) Late adolescence
D) Early adulthood

Accepted Answer

The answer of For adolescents, which phase of psychosocial development...

Question 15

Fifteen-year-old Bill is anxious about future goals and career choices.He is not sure whether to pursue a job or enroll in college.He has many interests, but he does not want to do "what his parents want," although he is not exactly sure what he wants.What term most closely describes this?

A) Identity achievement
B) Identity diffusion
C) Identity formation
D) Moratorium

Accepted Answer

The answer of Fifteen-year-old Bill is anxious about future goals...

Deck 9: Adolescent Development: Becoming an Adult