Question 1

Ruben, a 9-year-old boy, becomes easily annoyed and angry over seemingly everything.He states that he hates his family.His parents are concerned that Ruben argues and blames his brother for his mistakes.Which disorder fits this pattern?

A) Attention deficit disorder
B) Conduct disorder
C) Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)
D) Major depressive disorder

Accepted Answer

The primary symptoms of ODD are negative, hostile, and defiant behaviors that are uncharacteristic of typical children.Children and early adolescents with ODD display outbursts of temper, argue, defy adults, and are especially hostile to authority figures.These children seem to be angry all the time and resent rules; they become easily annoyed and readily blame others for their mistakes.Behaviors that might be observed are frequent temper tantrums; mean, hateful talking; revenge-seeking behaviors; and deliberately annoying others.These behaviors differ in duration and intensity from the occasional "difficult" periods some children and adolescents may experience.

Question 2

Susie is a 14-year-old who is hospitalized with major depressive disorder.One of your OT goals is to improve her use of leisure time.Which of the following leisure activities would be best for Susie if she has been experiencing isolation and withdrawal recently?

A) Playing checkers with another client.
B) Playing solitaire.
C) Reading a book.
D) Watching TV in her private hospital room.

Accepted Answer

Playing checkers requires that Susie interact with one other person, so this is a good place to start.

Question 3

What is it called when children or adolescents with alcohol dependence disorders need to increase the amount drunk over a period to attain the desired effect?&#10;A) Abuse&#10;B) Dependence&#10;C) Tolerance&#10;D) Withdrawal

Accepted Answer

The development of tolerance refers to the need to use larger amounts of the substance to obtain the desired effect.

Question 4

Which of the following represent positive symptoms of schizophrenia in children or adolescents?&#10;A) Disorganized thought and apathy&#10;B) Hallucinations and delusions&#10;C) Lethargy and blunted affect&#10;D) Poor concentration and attention

Accepted Answer

Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders are characterized by abnormalities in one or more domains: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking (speech), grossly disorganized motor behavior, and/or negative symptoms such as decreased emotional expression.Symptoms include:
.Delusions: Fixed beliefs that do not change irrespective of conflicting evidence.Delusions may be persecutory, referential, grandiose, erotomanic, and nihilistic or somatic.
.Hallucinations: Vivid and clear perceptions of experiences without an external stimulus.
.Disorganized speech: Speech that involves switching topics or answering unrelated questions.
.Disorganized motor behavior: Behavior manifests itself in a variety of ways from unpredictable agitation to silliness.
Brief psychotic disorder is a sudden onset (within 2 weeks) of positive psychotic symptoms.Schizophrenia with a childhood or adolescent onset typically involves avolition or reduced drive to actively engage in daily occupations.

Question 5

Gerald, a 5-year-old kindergartner, is reluctant to go to sleep without his parents nearby.He clings to his parents each morning when being dropped off at school and spends the first 30 minutes in tears, even after the second month of school.What do these symptoms represent?

A) Normal reactions to new situations
B) Phobic anxiety disorder
C) Separation anxiety
D) Generalized anxiety disorder

Accepted Answer

Separation anxiety disorder is characterized by extreme anxiety when anticipating separation from or separating from home or a parent.It is a disorder experienced by about 4% of children.Children and adolescents with this disorder may experience extreme distress traveling away from home or may refuse to go to school or visit or sleep over at a friend's home.The diagnostic criteria includes repeated nightmares involving the theme of separation, reluctance or refusal to sleep without a significant person nearby, and persistent worrying about separation or harm to major attachment figures (e.g., mother or father).Separation or the anticipation of separation may trigger physical (somatic) symptoms that include headaches, dizziness, palpitation, stomachache, nausea, and vomiting.Typically there are exacerbations and remissions with this disorder.Children with separation anxiety disorder exhibit delayed social development, refusal to attend school, and anxiety while at school, all of which result in poor academic performance.Separation anxiety disorder will usually resolve or decrease in severity with time, but it may also be a precursor to other conditions such as panic disorder.

Question 6

Susan, a 12-year-old girl, refuses to go to her new school.She is irritable and angry, and she complains of headaches every morning.Susan perspires and feels restless each morning.She is unable to sleep because she worries about the next day at school.What do these symptoms represent?

A) Normal reactions to new situations
B) Phobic anxiety disorder
C) Separation anxiety
D) Generalized anxiety disorder

Accepted Answer

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is diagnosed in 0.9% of the adolescent population in the United States and is more prevalent in girls than boys.Symptoms include excessive anxiety and worrying (e.g., about future events, school performance, family health, and world events) on most days without a specific trigger event or social situation.Children with GAD cannot control their fear of situations and activities, and these fears manifest as irritability, tiredness, inability to relax (i.e., feeling on edge), restlessness, apprehension, negative self-image, difficulty concentrating, and disrupted sleep.The physical symptoms described previously can also occur with other anxiety or mood disorders (e.g., panic attacks, phobias, or dysthymia).Not surprisingly, these children will have difficulty in school, social situations, and all areas of occupational performance."

Question 7

Which statement is not a criterion for substance dependence?&#10;A) The individual does not realize that the use is excessive.&#10;B) Much time is spent in obtaining, using, and recovering from the substance.&#10;C) Withdrawal symptoms occur with attempts to reduce or stop using the substance.&#10;D) Responsibilities are neglected.

Accepted Answer

Children and adolescents may abuse substances such as alcohol, amphetamines (uppers), cannabis (marijuana), hallucinogens (e.g., ecstasy and other club drugs, such as GHB and LSD), opioids (e.g., heroin, cocaine), phencyclidines (e.g., PCP, angel dust), sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics (e.g., Valium, Librium), steroids, and inhalants (e.g., nitrous oxide, acetone).Young people with substance dependence and abuse disorders can spend much of their time acquiring, using, and recovering from the substance.As their dependence on and need for a drug grow, adolescents may become involved in illegal activities that place them at further risk of harm (e.g., prostitution or selling drugs).Using and acquiring drugs has significant health risks, and children and adolescents entering treatment programs for substance dependence or abuse often have poor physical health and sometimes contract life-threatening conditions such as human immunodeficiency virus infection or hepatitis from sharing needles.A strong association exists between alcohol use and suicide.

Question 8

What is the name of a life-threatening disorder characterized by a body weight 15% below average, an intense fear of gaining weight, and a perception of being or feeling fat even though looking emaciated?

A) Anorexia bulimia
B) Anorexia nervosa (AN)
C) Bulimia nervosa
D) Failure to thrive

Accepted Answer

AN typically develops in early adolescence (around 13 years of age).However, AN can present in younger children or older adolescents and adults.It is characterized by an intense fear of being overweight, although most often weight for age and height is well below the average.The condition is characterized by active pursuit of thinness, inability to realistically perceive the risks of weight, and self-denial of weight loss.When confronted by parents or concerned friends, adolescents with AN deny or minimize the severity of the problem and resist treatment efforts.They have a distorted body image and see themselves as overweight in all or some body parts regardless of how thin or emaciated they are.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true about Tourette's disorder?&#10;A) Tics increase during activities that require a lot of concentration.&#10;B) Coprolalia is the vocal tic of repeating others' words.&#10;C) The disorder improves in adolescence and adulthood.&#10;D) Tics increase during sleep.

Accepted Answer

The typical onset of Tourette's syndrome is between 6 and 7 years of age, and Tourette's syndrome is more prevalent in boys than girls.Tourette's syndrome is viewed as a genetic disorder involving repetitive involuntary motor and vocal tics.The tics may occur many times a day and must occur consistently for 1 year or more before the age of 18 for a diagnosis of the syndrome.Related comorbidity occurs with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, behavioral problems, specific learning disabilities, or obsessive-compulsive disorder.Although Tourette's syndrome is typically a chronic disorder, some children experience improvement during adolescence and early adulthood.

Question 10

Which statement is true concerning suicide in adolescents?&#10;A) Bringing up suicide may encourage the adolescent to act on it.&#10;B) An adolescent expressing suicidal thoughts will probably not act on them.&#10;C) Adolescents who are preoccupied with death require professional counseling.&#10;D) Suicide is very uncommon in teens.

Accepted Answer

OT practitioners need to be able to assess suicide risk, since it is the third leading cause of death among 15- to 19-year-olds and the fourth leading cause of death among the 10- to 14-year-old age group.A child or adolescent expressing suicidal thoughts or exhibiting a preoccupation with death should receive professional psychiatric help immediately and be monitored closely.The OT practitioner should immediately report signs of self-mutilating behavior or suicidal ideation to the parents and/or to a supervisor or other appropriate team member (e.g., nurse, psychologist, or mental health counselor) and document this on the child's chart.Supervision and a safe environment (e.g., no access to medications and supervision of use of tools) is the best protocol when working with children who are depressed.

Question 11

Mary needs extra time for her writing assignments and she needs a tutor in math to help her sequence properly.The occupational therapy (OT) practitioner works with her on writing and sequencing once a week and provides suggestions to the child, teacher, and parent.What type of learning disorder does this depict?

A) Mild
B) Moderate
C) None
D) Severe

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mary needs extra time for her writing...

Question 12

Which of the following is an appropriate OT intervention for conduct disorder?&#10;A) Assist the child in channeling energy into appropriate activities.&#10;B) Clearly define acceptable behaviors.&#10;C) Reinforce appropriate behaviors.&#10;D) All of the above are appropriate interventions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is an appropriate...

Question 13

Stanley, a 10-year-old boy, shows a continual pattern of behaviors in which he picks fights with other children, breaks classroom rules, and skips school.Stanley was recently caught shoplifting from a local store.Which disorder fits this pattern of behavior?

A) Attention deficit disorder
B) Conduct disorder
C) Oppositional defiant disorder
D) Major depressive disorder

Accepted Answer

The answer of Stanley, a 10-year-old boy, shows a continual...

Question 14

Which of the following is true about youth suicide and risk signals?&#10;A) Suicide attempts are seldom repeated.&#10;B) Sudden improvement in mood may be a danger signal.&#10;C) Youths who talk about suicide rarely kill themselves.&#10;D) There is no treatment for depression in teens.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true about...

Question 15

Which statement is not true concerning children with conduct disorder?&#10;A) They have an apparent lack of feelings of guilt or remorse about hurting others.&#10;B) Academic performance is affected in most cases.&#10;C) They have good self-esteem.&#10;D) Those who do not receive treatment may develop antisocial personality disorder as adults.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which statement is not true concerning children...

Deck 14: Childhood and Adolescent Psychosocial and Mental Health Disorders