Deck 7: Chronic and Life-Threatening Illnesses

Question 1

Pain management is a major challenge for cancer patients,nevertheless,more than _____________ percent of cancer pain can be controlled by current treatments.

A)less than 25%
B)25-50%
C)50-75%
D)75-90%
E)more than 90%

Answer 1

more than 90%

Question 2

Concluding from their review of the literature on the relationship between coping and survival rates,Petticrew and colleagues found that

A)fighting spirit coping increased survival rates
B)active coping increased survival rates
C)problem focused coping increased survival rates
D)coping strategies did not affect survival rates
E)emotion focused coping decreased survival rates

Answer 2

coping strategies did not affect survival rates

Question 3

Patients who experience nausea before they receive their chemotherapy are experiencing

A)antiemetic reaction
B)adjuvant nausea
C)anticipatory nausea
D)operant conditioning
E)over reactive nausea

Answer 3

anticipatory nausea

Question 4

Support groups provide all of the following except

A)opportunities for problem-focused coping
B)empathy
C)information
D)education
E)prescribed treatment

Question 5

The estimated frequency of a man developing cancer at some time in his life is

A)greater than that for women
B)less than that for women
C)equal to that found in women
D)greater for Canadian men than American men
E)less than 40%

Question 6

Which of the following is not a treatment for cancer?

A)mammography
B)radiation therapy
C)chemotherapy
D)hormone therapy
E)surgery

Question 7

Analysis of cancer-related depression has shown that it is linked to

A)age of diagnosis
B)gender
C)form of treatment
D)intrusive memories
E)site of the cancer

Question 8

According to research the greatest percentage of cancer suffering is related to

A)physical factors
B)the stigma of having cancer
C)social factors
D)depression
E)fear

Question 9

Of all the side effects associated with chemotherapy most breast cancer patients identify ____________ as being the most difficult to deal with

A)hair loss
B)nausea
C)increased susceptibility to infection
D)fatigue
E)erosion of oral mucosa resulting in pain

Question 10

Breast cancer patients' most common concerns during the early stages of their illness include all of the following except

A)body integrity issues
B)fear of radiation therapy
C)cancer relapse
D)inadequate medication
E)death

Question 11

Communication that attempts to alleviate emotional distress is called

A)social interaction
B)emotion focused coping
C)problem focused coping
D)help-intended communication
E)lightening the conversation

Question 12

The second most common type of cancer in Canada is

A)prostate
B)lung
C)colorectal
D)breast
E)ovarian

Question 13

Marlene was diagnosed with breast cancer.Because her surgery required the removal of a considerable amount of normal tissue,the procedure was called

A)a simple lumpectomy
B)a radical mastectomy
C)a simple mastectomy
D)metastatic mastectomy
E)a radical colostomy

Question 14

People with a chronic illness experience a wide variety of psychological responses depending on the symptom pattern.For example,symptoms that are unpredictably erratic produce

A)discouragement and fear
B)hope
C)anger and frustration
D)exhaustion and a sense of being overwhelmed
E)extreme mood swings

Question 15

The final step in developing a psychotherapeutic treatment strategy for working with cancer patients is to

A)teach problem focused coping
B)teach emotion focused coping
C)obtain sufficient medical information
D)assess the person's psychological status
E)integrate a theoretical orientation

Question 16

Janice is receiving chemotherapy and is having problems with nausea and vomiting.The physician has prescribed _____________ to reduce this unfortunate side effect

A)adjuvant therapy
B)antiemetic medication
C)antidiuretic medication
D)relaxation training
E)meditation

Question 17

Which type of coping is associated with the patient facing their emotional responses and dealing with them effectively?

A)problem-focused coping
B)passive coping
C)emotion-focused coping
D)avoidant coping style
E)emotional approach coping

Question 18

Cancer pain tends to be under-treated.Reasons for this include all of the following except

A)fear of addiction to analgesic medication
B)fear about building up a tolerance to analgesic medication
C)forgetfulness
D)belief that the pain should be tolerated
E)practitioners are not inclined to do everything they can for cancer patients

Question 19

Nancy was attending a social support group for breast cancer survivors.She was careful to listen to the opinions and experiences of others to determine what is normal and abnormal.Nancy is engaging in

A)upward comparison
B)downward comparison
C)social comparison
D)benefit finding
E)posttraumatic growth

Question 20

The nature of cancer patients' suffering can be categorized in order from greatest to least as

A)psychological,social,physical
B)social,physical,psychological
C)physical,psychological,social
D)psychological,physical,social
E)social,psychological,physical

Question 21

All of the following are typically true of people with Type II diabetes except

A)more prevalent among Aboriginal people
B)more common over the age of 45
C)more common in people who are obese
D)are insulin dependent
E)may experience frequent infections

Question 22

The proportion of newly diagnosed cases of AIDS has ___________ among men who have sex with men and ___________among injection drug users.

A)increased;increased
B)decreased;decreased
C)increased;plateaued
D)plateaued;increased
E)decreased;increased

Question 23

All of the following are possible long-term consequences of diabetes except

A)blindness
B)stroke
C)amputation
D)cardiovascular disease
E)rheumatoid arthritis

Question 24

Cognitive reappraisal and restructuring is useful in managing which psychological factor in cardiac patients

A)anxiety
B)depression
C)anger
D)confusion
E)fear

Question 25

The most common form of psychological distress associated with cardiovascular disease which is also a risk factor for the disease is

A)anxiety
B)confusion and disorientation
C)depression
D)cardiac invalidism
E)anger

Question 26

Lustman and colleagues compared the effects of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT)for a group of diabetic patients with that of a control group and found that

A)CBT had no effect on depression
B)the CBT group showed some relief from depression
C)the CBT group showed only short term relief from depression
D)the outcome was inconclusive since many patients had to drop out
E)the CBT group showed short and long term relief from depression

Question 27

Social support groups have been set up to help people with a number of chronic illnesses.The text suggests that social support groups may not be effective for

A)metastatic cancer patients
B)people who use problem focused coping
C)blunters
D)monitors
E)people who use emotion focused coping

Question 28

Among Aboriginal peoples,__________ and ________________ are disproportionately represented in those living with AIDS.

A)young people;women
B)women;injection drug users
C)alcoholic abusers;injection drug users
D)men who have sex with men;women
E)men over 45 and women under 30

Question 29

The two most common psychological problems for people with diabetes are

A)depression and anxiety
B)fear and depression
C)anxiety and fear
D)depression and confusion
E)fear and confusion

Question 30

The psychological state of the person with diabetes is important because

A)psychological problems can interfere with the regimens necessary to control the disease
B)antidepressant drugs can not be used in diabetes
C)diabetes is a life long disease
D)confusion and disorientation may make the disease worse
E)it is more difficult to maintain a stable mood with diabetes

Question 31

Modern rehabilitation programs for people recovering from heart attacks are described as

A)biomedical
B)psychosocial
C)biopsychosocial
D)psychological
E)holistic

Question 32

The form of psychological distress associated with increased mortality in cardiovascular disease is

A)anxiety
B)denial
C)depression
D)cardiac invalidism
E)anger

Question 33

An HIV-positive diagnosis can be traumatic enough to elicit symptoms of

A)confusion
B)disorientation
C)anxiety
D)post traumatic stress disorder
E)depression

Question 34

Saed had a heart attack and subsequently curtailed his activity level far more than his disease status required because of fear that he would have another attack.Saed is experiencing

A)cardiac arrest
B)myocardial ischemia
C)cerebral ischemia
D)cardiac invalidism
E)cardiac anxiety

Question 35

Depression and blood sugar are linked bidirectionally.This means that

A)high blood sugar worsens depression and depression reduces the likelihood of monitoring blood glucose levels
B)low blood sugar worsens depression and depression reduces the likelihood of monitoring blood glucose levels
C)high blood sugar worsens depression and depression increases risk of diabetes
D)low blood sugar worsens depression and depression decreases risk of diabetes
E)high blood sugar worsens depression and depression worsens high blood glucose levels

Question 36

A type of diabetes which is temporary,affecting two to four percent of all pregnant women is known as

A)Type II diabetes
B)Type I diabetes
C)insulin dependent diabetes
D)insulin resistant diabetes
E)gestational diabetes

Question 37

Cardiac invalidism results in

A)a decreased quality of life
B)an increased quality of life
C)prolonged life
D)an increase in activity level
E)abstention from a sedentary lifestyle

Question 38

All of the following are symptoms of AIDS except

A)frequent fatigue
B)frequent urination
C)persistent fever
D)diarrhea
E)night sweats

Question 39

A procedure designed to treat myocardial ischemia which inserts a bubble-like device into the artery at the point of blockage and expanding the artery is call

A)coronary artery bypass surgery
B)angioplasty
C)excimer laser coronary surgery
D)myocardial infarct
E)angiometric bypass surgery

Question 40

All of the following symptoms are typical for people with Type I diabetes except

A)diarrhea
B)frequent urination
C)extreme fatigue
D)unusual weight loss
E)extreme hunger

Question 41

Describe the steps to follow when developing a psychotherapeutic treatment strategy for working with people who are chronically ill (Goodheart and Lansing,1997).

Question 42

What is social comparison and how does it affect people in support groups?

Question 43

When is chemotherapy most likely to be used for cancer patients? Describe the possible side effects.What is anticipatory nausea and how is it explained from a psychological viewpoint?

Question 44

Quality of life in the context of serious and chronic illness refers to all of the following except

A)physical functioning
B)social functioning
C)emotional functioning
D)cognitive functioning
E)subjective functioning

Question 45

The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy scales include subscales that assess such things as emotional or physical well-being.This assessment is an example of a(n)

A)multidimensional assessment
B)global assessment
C)objective personality questionnaire
D)invasion of patient privacy
E)treatment effectiveness questionnaire

Question 46

Persons living with aids have an increasing life expectancy due to the development of

A)HAART and protease inhibitors
B)Improved social support systems
C)Adjuvant therapy
D)Chemotherapy
E)Psychological support protocols

Question 47

Discuss the types of psychological distress found in cardiovascular disease and describe the psychological interventions that could be used to alleviate the distress.

Question 48

Discuss the impact of psychological distress on diabetes.

Question 49

The quality of life for people living with disabilities is related to their sense of social integration.This refers to

A)the extent to which they are engaged in meaningful activities
B)the extent to which they can maintain their independence
C)the extent to which they are accepted by others
D)the ease of community access
E)the number of disability services available for assistance

Question 50

In grief therapy,all of the following are steps in the Rs of mourning except:

A)recognizing the loss
B)reacting to the separation
C)recollecting the relationship
D)relinquishing old attachments
E)resolution of old grievances

Question 51

Emotional-approach coping for cancer patients refers to :

A)Coping by actively addressing the cancer related stressors
B)Coping by facing emotional responses and dealing effectively with them
C)Coping by focusing on ways to reduce the emotional impact of the disease
D)Avoiding unwanted thought or feelings
E)Avoidance oriented coping

Question 52

In general it has been found that psychological interventions for persons living with AIDS are effective for improving __________________ .

A)health
B)quality of life
C)psychological status
D)medical status
E)longevity

Question 53

Analysis of cancer related depression has shown that the depression is linked to the occurrence of intrusive memories.What are intrusive memories and how do they affect the patient?

Question 54

Cancer patients responding to the question,"How would you rate your quality of life today?" are being assessed using a

A)quantitative instrument
B)multidimensional assessment
C)global assessment
D)standardized questionnaire
E)functional assessment

Question 55

Which of the following is not an example of symptom-related experience for people with chronic illness?

A)constant symptoms produce discouragement and fear
B)lessened symptoms produce hope
C)erratic symptoms produce anger
D)relentlessly progressive symptoms produce a sense of being overwhelmed
E)chronic symptoms produce irritability

Question 56

Compare emotion focused and problem focused coping strategies.Provide examples of typical behaviours illustrating each strategy.

Question 57

All of the following,according to Kubler-Ross,are possible reactions a person might experience when facing his or her own death except

A)denial
B)anger
C)bargaining
D)hostility
E)depression

Question 58

Eleanor is pregnant with her first child.So far she is feeling okay but she is gaining weight rapidly and her doctor wants to test her for diabetes.If she tests positive for diabetes,it will likely mean that

A)she will have to start taking insulin
B)she has a temporary condition
C)she will be diabetic for the rest of her life
D)her child will be born with Type 1 diabetes
E)she will need to go on medication right away.

Question 59

____________________ is the term that describes emotions attendant upon the loss of a close friend or loved one while_____________ describes the deep sorrow that occurs usually as a response to _______________________ .

A)Bereavement,grief,depression
B)Bereavement,grief,bereavement
C)Grief,bereavement,grief
D)Depression,grief,bereavement
E)Grief,depression,bereavement

Question 60

Elizabeth Kubler-Ross identified possible reactions a person might experience when facing his or her own death.The reaction which is considered a defence mechanism is

A)anger
B)denial
C)bargaining
D)depression
E)acceptance

Question 61

Describe how a cardiac patient may learn to deal with anger and hostility using cognitive reappraisal and restructuring.Explain why this would be an important to skill.

Question 62

Elizabeth Kubler-Ross identified several possible reactions a person might experience when facing his or her own death.Describe these stages.

Question 63

What is the basis for the statement that people with HIV and AIDS experience psychological distress which is unique to the diagnosis?

Question 64

What is meant by the term "quality of life"? Discuss the importance of this concept and the ways it can be measured.

Question 65

Describe the different forms of cancer treatment and provide the rationale for
their use.

Question 66

Describe a rehabilitation program for cardiac patients which specifically addresses anger as a risk factor..

Question 67

What is meant by family oriented care in treating cancer patients and why is it important.