Deck 11: Health Promotion

Question 1

When Canadians think of their health care system,they are more likely to think of its equity rather than its inequity.This is because

A)there is equal proximity of physicians to all Canadians
B)it is a system designed to promote and provide equal access for all
C)a person's health tends to be the same regardless of income
D)the costs are equitably distributed across governments
E)each citizen has an equal chance of becoming ill

Answer 1

it is a system designed to promote and provide equal access for all

Question 2

Canadian Governments have been in the business of health promotion since the

A)1700s
B)1800s
C)1950s
D)1970s
E)1990s

Answer 2

1700s

Question 3

All of the following are types of social support except

A)practical support
B)informational support
C)emotional support
D)patient-centred support
E)tangible support

Answer 3

patient-centred support

Question 4

In the three-level framework for successful community-oriented health promotion outlined by Labonte in 1987,the third level was _______________ and the goal was _________________

A)medical;disease treatment
B)public health;disease prevention
C)medical;disease prevention
D)socioenvironmental;public health policy
E)biopsychosocial;disease treatment

Question 5

Lynn,an 82 year old woman who recently had abdominal surgery,lives alone.She was discharged to her home providing a nurse made daily visits to change the dressing.This is an example of _______________________ support and the type would be categorized as ________________

A)naturally occurring;practical
B)naturally occurring;emotional
C)agency-provided;practical
D)agency-provided;emotional
E)agency-provided;informational

Question 6

Improving self-care among citizens is a fundamental objective of any health promotion program but promotion should also include

A)research dollars
B)better health care
C)mutual aid
D)advertising campaigns
E)reasoned action

Question 7

Inequities in the health care system in Canada may be based on differences in all of the following except

A)geography
B)culture
C)age
D)education
E)social support

Question 8

Self-care refers to all of the following except

A)exercise
B)diet
C)risk behaviours
D)voluntary screening
E)voluntary surgery

Question 9

All good health promotion programs place the primary responsibility for good health on the

A)individual
B)medical staff
C)medical facilities
D)provincial government
E)federal government

Question 10

The goals of health promotion in Canada and worldwide include all of the following except

A)promote self-care
B)reduce health related inequities
C)promote mutual aid
D)educate people about ways of providing support
E)fear control

Question 11

Health promotion mechanisms refer to all but one of the following

A)self-care
B)helping each other
C)reducing pollution
D)fostering public participation
E)improving safety

Question 12

Anne has just returned home after being in the hospital for the birth of her first baby.Her neighbour brought a casserole to the family.This would be considered an example of __________________ support and the type would be categorized as _________________

A)naturally occurring;practical
B)naturally occurring;emotional
C)naturally occurring;informational
D)agency-provided;practical
E)agency-provided;emotional

Question 13

Support groups for specific illnesses provide which type of support

A)naturally occurring;practical
B)naturally occurring;informational
C)agency-provided;practical
D)agency-provided;informational
E)naturally occurring;emotional

Question 14

According to Labonte's framework for successful community-oriented health promotion,the first level identified is ______________ while the second level deals with ___________

A)biopsychosocial,environmental
B)medical;public health
C)biomedical;socioenvironmental
D)medical;socioenvironnmental
E)public health;environmental

Question 15

The fact that smoking is more prevalent in occupations like mining,construction and transportation is an example of

A)risk-related behaviours associated with particular occupations
B)risk-related behaviours associated with particular age groups
C)the need for better health education programs targeting a geographic area
D)the need for provincial prevention programs
E)risk-related behaviours associated with a particular sex

Question 16

Health promotion is more likely to be truly effective if it is based on a

A)well paid work force
B)social movement
C)government movement
D)world health edict
E)self-care

Question 17

What is the role of health promotion campaigns with respect to providing mutual aid?

A)encourage the creation of support groups
B)evaluate home care
C)provide tangible support
D)provide practical support
E)mutual aid and health promotion are mutually exclusive

Question 18

All of the following are included in Canada's framework for health promotion (Epp,1986)except

A)fostering public participation
B)enhancing coping
C)decreasing prevention
D)reducing inequities
E)strengthening community health services

Question 19

An effective screening test is one that has

A)been available for many years so has collected considerable data
B)decreased mortality rates through early detection
C)increased survival rates by making regular testing mandatory
D)a minimum of false negatives
E)a large segment of the population using it on a regular basis

Question 20

In the late 1940's,the province of British Columbia became one of the first places in the world to introduce regular screening for

A)cervical cancer
B)breast cancer
C)cardiovascular disease
D)Type II diabetes
E)High blood pressure

Question 21

Simple fear arousal may not be as effective as threat perception in changing people's behaviour because of all of the following except

A)the situation appears too hopeless
B)self-efficacy suffers
C)the person must perceive the threat is real
D)the person must perceive they are vulnerable
E)the person does not respond to the peripheral route of persuasion

Question 22

When presenting messages using the central route,the person presenting the message should be

A)persuasive
B)popular
C)attractive
D)credible
E)wealthy

Question 23

One of the goals of health promotion at the governmental level is to

A)treat disease
B)prevent disease
C)increasing self-efficacy
D)increase response efficacy
E)save money on health expenditures

Question 24

A criticism of the precede-proceed model is that the model is too

A)rigid
B)expansive
C)theoretical
D)practical
E)individually oriented

Question 25

The difference between an attitude and a belief is that a belief does not involve

A)logic
B)facts
C)evaluation
D)change
E)reasoned action

Question 26

According to the theory of planned behaviour fear appeals are designed to intensify people's

A)threat perception
B)drive-reduction
C)risk-reduction
D)harm-reduction
E)self-efficacy

Question 27

Research in health promotion has found that loss-framed messages are more effective at promoting ______________ behaviours while gain-framed messages are better at promoting __________ behaviours.

A)prevention;detection
B)healthy;unhealthy
C)unhealthy;healthy
D)low-risk;high-risk
E)detection;prevention

Question 28

A person's perception that they are capable of greatly reducing a health risk is an example of

A)self-efficacy
B)erroneous thinking
C)threat perception
D)response efficacy
E)drive-reduction

Question 29

One problem with high fear arousal in health promotion is that it may

A)cause self efficacy to suffer when we are afraid
B)inhibit physiological responding
C)inhibit the denial response
D)cause a change in attitude
E)inhibit the stress response

Question 30

With respect to health promotion programs,all of the following are true except

A)they provide vulnerability information
B)they avoid affecting people's beliefs and values
C)they provide information regarding the efficacy of preventative behaviours
D)in keeping with the theory of reasoned action,health promotion programs focus on the gains rather than costs
E)in keeping with the theory of planned behaviour,health promotion programs focus on the gains rather than costs

Question 31

Appeals that feature guilt and regret tend to be high in _________________.

A)response efficacy
B)self-efficacy
C)self-accountability
D)threat perception
E)persuasion

Question 32

Inequities in the Canadian health care system may be based on differences in all of the following except

A)geography
B)obesity
C)age
D)income
E)education

Question 33

Health beliefs differ from attitudes in that they are

A)more personal
B)stronger
C)not evaluative
D)not changeable
E)based in fact

Question 34

Attitudes may be influenced by presenting facts and statistics.This is known as the

A)central route of persuasion
B)peripheral route of persuasion
C)fear route of persuasion
D)reasoned action theory
E)threat perception model

Question 35

Which of the following concepts would NOT be associated with the drive-reduction theory

A)reinforced behaviour
B)reduced tension
C)deprivation
D)central route of persuasion
E)states for which we have an aversion

Question 36

Gina has a family history of Type II diabetes.She believes that she is at risk for developing the disease and that she should watch her diet to prevent the onset.Gina's thinking is best described by the

A)health belief model
B)theory of reasoned action
C)theory of planned behaviour
D)peripheral route using fear appeals
E)drive reduction theory

Question 37

The extent to which a person feels personally responsible for a given emotion or situation is called

A)self efficacy
B)response-efficacy
C)self-accountability
D)self-care
E)theory of reasoned action

Question 38

One goal of health promotion programs is to change attitudes by persuasion.This means that the goal is to alter the person's

A)evaluation of some target
B)behaviour with respect to a target
C)beliefs regarding a target
D)health belief model
E)planned behaviour

Question 39

Health promotion using the peripheral route of persuasion would include

A)appeals to the emotions
B)facts and logical arguments
C)statistics and medical knowledge
D)health education
E)an evaluation component

Question 40

In a study of AIDS-related public service announcements,it was discovered that ________________ announcements were more effective in increasing the intention to use condoms

A)humorous
B)erotic
C)fact-based
D)fear-arousing
E)risk reduction

Question 41

Describe and provide examples of the two routes in the elaboration likelihood model through which attitudes are influenced.

Question 42

You are asked to design a health promotion program for all of Canada.In this situation the campaign should include all of the following except

A)multilingual presentations
B)a popular speaker
C)information provided in a highly visual form
D)basic information without insulting people's intelligence
E)fear appeals

Question 43

The prominent theories in health psychology which are applied to health psychology rely on research findings from the field of

A)social psychology
B)clinical psychology
C)cognitive psychology
D)behavioural psychology
E)developmental psychology

Question 44

The phases of the precede component of the health promotion model include all of the following except

A)medical diagnosis
B)social diagnosis
C)epidemiological diagnosis
D)behavioural and environmental diagnosis
E)policy diagnosis

Question 45

An attractive model used in an advertising campaign for health promotion is using

A)a central route to persuasion
B)a peripheral route to persuasion
C)credibility
D)sex appeal
E)popularity

Question 46

Ali has just been told that her mammogram indicates that she will need some follow up testing.As a friend,you try to understand her fear and try to keep her calm.You are providing:

A)practical support
B)informational support
C)emotional support
D)tangible support
E)empathy

Question 47

What are the goals and challenges of health promotion in Canada?

Question 48

Labonte (1987)provided a three level framework for successful community oriented health promotion.Describe these three levels including the goal of each level.

Question 49

In evaluating health promotion initiatives,the _______________ standards are used to evaluate the sustainability of the program.

A)arbitrary
B)experiential
C)historical
D)feasibility
E)normative

Question 50

According to drive reduction theory,fear appeals in health promotion should be effective.Explain why this is not always the case.

Question 51

Phases of the proceed component of the health promotion model include all of the following except

A)implementation
B)process evaluation
C)program evaluation
D)impact evaluation
E)outcome evaluation

Question 52

When Canadians think of their health care system,they are more likely to think of its equity rather than its inequities.However,inequities do exist.Describe the inequities in the current health care system.

Question 53

The theoretical framework designed to facilitate and analyze health promotion programs from the planning stages through to their implementation and impact is

A)theory of planned behaviour model
B)health belief model
C)precede-proceed model
D)extended parallel process model
E)reasoned action model

Question 54

In the health belief model the person must believe that a health threat exists and also believe:

A)that their doctor knows best
B)that a given course of action will mitigate the threat
C)that if they intend to do something,they will do it
D)that they are capable of performing the required behaviour to help
E)that they have self-efficacy

Question 55

Planning refers to the _____________ phase of the model of health promotion,whereas _____________________ refers to the implementation and evaluation phase.

A)precede;proceed
B)proceed;precede
C)epidemiological;program creation
D)program creation;assessing quality of life
E)stress;diathesis

Question 56

All of the following are examples of standards applied to the evaluation of health promotion programs except:

A)arbitrary standards
B)experiential standards
C)historical standards
D)psychological standards
E)normative standards

Question 57

To be maximally persuasive,a health promotion message should consider all of the following except

A)knowledge level of the audience
B)credibility of the speaker
C)providing both sides to the arguments
D)popularity of the speaker
E)mood of the audience

Question 58

When designing an advertising campaign for health promotion,all of the following should be taken into consideration except:

A)level of education of the audience
B)literacy levels of the audience
C)credibility of person delivering the message
D)repetition of the message
E)coordinating healthy public policy

Question 59

Which of the following is the final phase of the precede-proceed model of health promotion?

A)process evaluation
B)outcome evaluation
C)implementation
D)impact evaluation
E)program evaluation

Question 60

Discuss the two sources of social support and using examples,describe the types of support than can be provided from each source.

Question 61

Discuss the evidence that suggests that a relationship exists between income level and longevity.

Question 62

What is meant by self-care and mutual aid in Canada's framework for health promotion? What is the importance of these two concepts in health promotion?

Question 63

Discuss the types of social support that can be provided to an individual.Explain why it is important to identify the different kinds of support.

Question 64

Design a counterattack program for grade 12 students aimed at affecting drinking and driving behaviour.Describe your program including psychological principles to support your reasoning.

Question 65

Describe the different types of standards applied to the evaluation of health promotion programs.Why is it important to have appropriate standards?

Question 66

Describe the steps involved in the evaluation of health promotion initiatives.

Question 67

Describe the first 5 phases of the precede-proceed model as they would be applied to a program designed to increase physical activity levels in elementary school children.

Question 68

What is the difference between self-efficacy and response efficacy? How are the two beliefs affected by the level of fear in health promotion messages?