Deck 4: Injury Pathology Nomenclature

Question 1

Which injury would likely be caused by compression-type forces?

A) Muscle tear
B) Ligament sprain
C) Vertebral disc injury
D) Dislocation

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Where does muscle rupture occur on the load-deformation curve?

A) Elastic region
B) Plastic region
C) Tensile region
D) Failure point

Answer 2

D

Question 3

A 12-year-old boy reports pain,periods of joint locking,and an inability to use his arm.Which of the following injuries does this boy have?

A) Osteochondral defect
B) Meniscal tear
C) Ligament sprain
D) Olecranon bursitis

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following tests would be used to assess a patellar subluxation?

A) Valgus stress test
B) Varus stress test
C) Apprehension test
D) McMurray's test

Question 5

Which of the following terms describes the idea that the body's tissues react to the forces and stresses placed on them in a meaningful and predictable manner?

A) Atrophy
B) Dynamic overload
C) Physical stress theory
D) Hypertrophy

Question 6

Although traction is desired in most sporting events,too much traction from shoes can cause which type of injury?

A) Compression
B) Torsion
C) Tension
D) Shear

Question 7

When the relative level of applied stress falls below the maintenance level,which of the following occurs?

A) Atrophy
B) Hypertrophy
C) Hyperplasia
D) Hypoplasia

Question 8

Muscle tissue,including tendons,ligaments,and fascia,are most prone to being injured as the result of what force?

A) Shear
B) Tensile
C) Torsion
D) Compressive

Question 9

Which of the following is not palpable unless inflamed?

A) Bursa
B) Ligament
C) Tendon
D) Bone

Question 10

Which of the following is the most common force causing injury to a muscle or ligament?

A) Compression
B) Torsion
C) Tension
D) Shear

Question 11

A decrease in the ability of a muscle to generate force indicates which injury?

A) Sprain
B) Meniscal injury
C) Contusion
D) Tear

Question 12

Which of the following fractures occur due to cumulative microtrauma?

A) Transverse
B) Stress
C) Oblique
D) Avulsion

Question 13

Which of the following occurs when the duration and magnitude of the stress applied to the body are progressively increased at a rate that allows the tissues to accommodate their cellular structure and composition to meet the imposed demands?

A) Atrophy
B) Dynamic overload
C) Physical stress theory
D) Hypertrophy

Question 14

Which of the following statements regarding stress is not true?

A) Stress can be physical, psychological, social, or emotional.
B) Stress always results in injury.
C) Stress is required for bone to maintain homeostasis.
D) Stress has to be applied in a certain amount, specific to each individual, in order for tissue growth to occur.

Question 15

One of the best ways to prevent heterotopic ossification in the quadriceps muscle is to do which of the following?

A) Cast the leg to prevent further movement and injury.
B) Don't stretch the muscle, but instead keep it in full extension.
C) Keep a sustained stretch with the knee maintained in 30° of flexion.
D) Keep a sustained stretch with the knee maintained in 120° of flexion.

Question 16

The development of heterotopic ossification is first detectable on which of the following radiographs?

A) 1 day following injury
B) 1 week following injury
C) 3 weeks following injury
D) 8 weeks following injury

Question 17

A second-degree sprain is characterized by which of the following?

A) The ligament is stretched with little or no tearing of its fibers.
B) A normal, firm endpoint is felt.
C) There is gross joint laxity with possible instability.
D) A soft but definite endpoint is present.

Question 18

Which type of fracture is reserved for prepubescent boys and girls?

A) Diaphyseal
B) Metaphyseal
C) Epiphyseal
D) Osteochondral

Question 19

Which of the following forces is primarily responsible for a dislocation?

A) Tension
B) Compression
C) Torsion
D) Shear

Question 20

Which of the following nerve injuries is the least serious?

A) Neurotmesis
B) Wallerian degeneration
C) Neurapraxia
D) Axonotmesis

Question 21

Which of the following terms describes growth of extraneous bone that can occur as a stress reaction from injury or from irregular forces being placed on the bone?

A) Osteochondritis dissecans
B) Apophysitis
C) Exostosis
D) Arthralgia

Question 22

Which is not one of the "five P's," or classic signs of late-stage compartment syndrome?

A) Pain
B) Pink color
C) Pallor
D) Paresthesia

Question 23

What disorder is the result of a bacterial infection of the skin's connective tissue that is marked by edema,redness,and tightening of the skin?

A) Furunculosis
B) Cellulitis
C) Lymphangitis
D) Capsulitis

Question 24

What term describes a peripheral nerve injury in which there is a disruption of the axon and the myelin sheath,while the epineurium remains intact?

A) Neurotmesis
B) Axonotmesis
C) Neurapraxia
D) Complex regional pain syndrome

Question 25

Which of the following types of muscle injury is seen when generalized muscle pain following exercise is reported?

A) 1A
B) 1B
C) 2A
D) 2B

Question 26

What type of muscle action is associated with the dynamic overload of a muscle?

A) Eccentric
B) Concentric
C) Isotonic
D) Isometric

Question 27

Which of the following is more common in the hands and is described as an inflammation of the synovial sheath surrounding a muscle tendon?

A) Tenosynovitis
B) Peritendinitis
C) Tendinitis
D) Tendinosis

Question 28

What term describes a peripheral nerve injury in which there is a complete disruption of the nerve?

A) Neurotmesis
B) Axonotmesis
C) Neurapraxia
D) Complex regional pain syndrome

Question 29

What type of fracture typically results from direct trauma to flat bones?

A) Depressed fracture
B) Transverse fracture
C) Comminuted fracture
D) Compacted fracture

Question 30

What term is used to describe an inflammation of the muscle tendon sheath?

A) Tenosynovitis
B) Peritendinitis
C) Tendinitis
D) Tendinosis

Question 31

Which statement best represents a grade 4 classification of a stress fracture?

A) Nondisplaced fracture line on imaging
B) Incidental "stress reaction" found on imaging
C) Nonunion fracture identified on imaging
D) Fracture displacement greater than or equal to 2 mm identified on imaging

Question 32

Sometimes called "growing pains," what term identifies an inflammatory condition involving a bone's growth plate?

A) Osteochondritis dissecans
B) Apophysitis
C) Exostosis
D) Arthralgia

Question 33

Which type of fracture results in a fracture line that crosses the long axis of a bone?

A) Depressed fracture
B) Transverse fracture
C) Comminuted fracture
D) Compacted fracture

Question 34

What injury occurs when a joint is forced beyond its normal anatomical limits,resulting in the stretching or tearing of the ligaments,joint capsule,or both?

A) Sprain
B) Strain
C) Heterotopic ossification
D) Compartment syndrome

Question 35

Which of the following is a systemic condition that affects the articular cartilage of multiple joints?

A) Arthritis
B) Osteoarthritis
C) Osteochondritis dissecans
D) Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 36

Which Salter-Harris classification is identified when the fracture starts through the physis and ends on the shaft,creating a displaced wedge?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 37

Which of the following types of muscle injury is seen when there is a tearing of less than one muscle fascicle?

A) 2B
B) 3A
C) 3B
D) 4

Question 38

What fracture type usually results from extremely high-velocity impact forces?

A) Depressed fracture
B) Transverse fracture
C) Comminuted fracture
D) Compacted fracture

Question 39

Which Salter-Harris classification may result in avascular necrosis or inhibition of growth if undetected?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV