Deck 13: The Health Psychologists Role: Research, Application, and Advocacy

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the capacities within which health psychologists work

A)Working directly with patients with medical conditions
B)Working with research teams to design health intervention programs
C)Developing treatment plan protocols for health maintenance organizations
D)Working with health policy professionals to evaluate health intervention programs

Answer 1

Developing treatment plan protocols for health maintenance organizations

Question 2

Self-monitoring is a type of

A)Informal support group.
B)Health advocacy activity.
C)Biopsychosocial treatment option.
D)None of the above

Answer 2

Health advocacy activity.

Question 3

Walter et al.'s (1993, 1992) studies to teach student negotiating skills to avoid sexual behaviors concluded that

A)Most students significantly improved their negotiation skills and were confident they could use them effectively.
B)Students indicated they were least likely to effectively use their new negotiation skills if they had consumed alcohol or drugs prior to the negotiation.
C)Pressure to engage in risky sexual behaviors was greatest when attending parties where drinking and drug use was the norm.
D)All of the above

Answer 3

All of the above

Question 4

The first step in health advocacy is to

A)Effectively address one's own health needs.
B)Evaluate the short- and long-term goals of a health program.
C)Participate in a wellness check exam.
D)Understand the variables involved in change.

Question 5

The most effective health intervention programs develop the evaluation plan

A)By using an interdisciplinary treatment team.
B)By evaluating the successes and failures of past health intervention programs.
C)At the beginning of the program.
D)After the program has been completed.

Question 6

_____ help raise awareness about a specific disease among large groups of potentially "at risk" individuals.

A)Mass media advertisements
B)Health policies
C)Managed care regulations
D)Regulatory advertisements

Question 7

_____ is the percentage of body fat to height.

A)Bone density
B)Body mass density
C)Diastolic blood pressure
D)Body mass index

Question 8

A study conducted by Amerinfo (2008) found that approximately _____ of Americans and French participants weighed themselves about once per week.

A)25%
B)50%
C)75%
D)85%

Question 9

The scope of the field of health psychology has transitioned from a _____ view of health to an ecological view of health.

A)Holistic
B)Biopsychosocial
C)Transitional
D)Psychosocial

Question 10

The American Psychological Association's Division of Health Psychology adheres to a(n) _____ perspective of health.

A)Ecological
B)Psychosocial
C)Sociocultural
D)Biopsychosocial

Question 11

The PATH program was a cardiovascular health program designed for _____ living in New York City.

A)Children under the age of 10
B)Adolescent girls
C)Adolescent boys
D)Young adults

Question 12

Professions involving physical therapy, occupational therapy, or social work are called

A)Sociocultural professions.
B)Wellness care professions.
C)Medical professions.
D)Allied health professions.

Question 13

When health psychologists design health education programs, they pay close attention to the variables needed to

A)Differentiate among gender and ethnic variations of learning.
B)Enhance the program.
C)Measure change and assess the program's success.
D)Design a cross-cultural program.

Question 14

Kelly et al.(1991) developed an educational program to teach gay men about HIV/AIDS prevention in a _____ patronized by gay men.

A)Health clinic setting
B)Neighborhood bar
C)Community church
D)Shopping mall

Question 15

Which of the following statements is FALSE with reference to health education programs

A)Educational programs may be designed as a one-time event or an event spanning over several weeks or months.
B)Educational programs that impart skills are usually most effective when conducted in one session rather than over the course of several weeks.
C)Educational programs may take place in informal settings.
D)Educational programs usually provide indepth information about a particular disease as well as an individual's risk of contracting the disease.

Question 16

In the early years of the profession, health psychologists focused primarily on

A)Consumer-provider communication.
B)Individual and community health issues.
C)Demographic barriers to health care.
D)Ecological variables involved in the administration of adequate health care.

Question 17

_____ refers to the cultural, economic, and organizational influences that contribute to an individual's health status.

A)Health psychology
B)Human welfare
C)Ecology
D)Health policy

Question 18

A _____ consists of the illness and disease histories of first- and second-degree relatives.

A)Wellness exam
B)Health assessment
C)Wellness checkup
D)Health history

Question 19

Infrequent weighing leads to

A)Less chances of developing an eating disorder.
B)More weight loss.
C)A higher likelihood of chronic disease.
D)A lower likelihood of developing cardiovascular problems.

Question 20

A(n) _____ team of health professionals includes individuals from varied fields working together to help individuals make and sustain health changes.

A)Ecological
B)Multicultural
C)Interdisciplinary
D)Biomedical

Question 21

An annual physical exam is also called a

A)Yearly update.
B)Health standing assessment.
C)Wellness exam.
D)Health history.

Question 22

Which of the following is an example of a successful community-based program that has been implemented throughout the world

A)A program to improve the cardiovascular health of Latina residents in a Los Angeles community
B)A program to increase women's physical activity and cardiovascular health in the Persian Gulf
C)A program designed to promote weight loss among Turkish and Moroccan women to promote healthy lifestyles
D)All of the above

Question 23

According to the 13-country international study conducted by Amerinfo (2008), most Americans choose _____ as their preferred weight loss strategy.

A)Increased exercise
B)Controlling food intake
C)Fasting
D)Use of dietary supplements

Question 24

Dr.Kevorkian pioneered

A)Death without pain.
B)Mercy killing.
C)Euthanasia.
D)Physician-assisted suicide.

Question 25

Community-based participatory programs generally include _____ as part of the planning team.

A)City representatives
B)Allied health professionals
C)Physicians
D)Community members

Question 26

Euthanasia literally means

A)"Death without pain."
B)"The good death."
C)"The eventual death."
D)"Death assistance."

Question 27

Research on the ending of life suggests that both laypersons and medical professionals prefer to hear the request from

A)The individual with the illness rather than the medical doctor.
B)The medical doctor rather than the individual with the illness.
C)The patient's psychologist.
D)The patient's attorney.

Question 28

Community-based, participatory research or programs refers to plans that involve the community

A)From the inception to the conclusion.
B)At the outset of the program.
C)After the program has been established.
D)If a problem occurs with the implementation of the plan.

Question 29

_____ is a method which allows patients to participate in ending their own life without the assistance of others.

A)Euthanasia
B)Physician-assisted suicide
C)Active euthanasia
D)Passive euthanasia

Question 30

_____ refers to the community values, norms, and behaviors that shape attitudes and behaviors.

A)Norm-representation
B)Social demographic
C)Social context
D)Population

Question 31

When working in communities, the first job of health psychologists is to

A)Understand the demographics of the community.
B)Assist the community with conducting their own needs assessment.
C)Implement health policies for the entire community.
D)Ensure equality in health care.

Question 32

The _____ is an oath taken by many physicians to "first do no harm" to any individual or patient.

A)Medical oath
B)Hippocratic oath
C)Physician's oath of service
D)Service provider's oath

Question 33

One of the benefits of an annual physical is to

A)Learn about the risks of contracting illnesses or diseases.
B)Detect and treat new problems as early as possible.
C)Learn new strategies for improving one's current health.
D)All of the above

Question 34

Health programs are most effective when using a _____ approach to program intervention.

A)Psychologically-based
B)Sociological
C)Community-based
D)Spiritual

Question 35

_____ was developed to create athletic competitions for athletes with disabilities.

A)TEAM Sport
B)HOME team
C)Disabled Athletes of America
D)Athletes Without Borders

Question 36

The common factor in community-based health intervention programs is a partnership between the community and the _____ in designing, conducting, and evaluating the program's effectiveness.

A)Physician
B)Consumer
C)Health researcher
D)Government

Question 37

The reason cited most often for euthanasia is

A)Loss of autonomy.
B)Loss of financial stability.
C)Debilitating pain.
D)Loss of a support network.

Question 38

Which of the following states currently allows doctors to engage in physician-assisted suicides

A)Oregon
B)Washington
C)California
D)New York

Question 39

Both laypersons and medical professionals are more likely to accept requests to end life when the reason for euthanasia is to end

A)Suffering from paralysis.
B)An autoimmune disease, such as HIV/AIDS.
C)A chronic disease.
D)Intractable physical suffering.

Question 40

Carels et al.(2005) reported that individuals who monitored _____ reported increased and sustained weight loss.

A)Frequency of exercise
B)Nutrition content of food
C)The amount of food eaten each day
D)Blood pressure

Question 41

_____ in water helps to prevent dental problems.

A)Calcium
B)Fluoride
C)Minerals
D)B vitamins

Question 42

Researchers are currently investigating the potential link between _____ and higher rates of autism in children over the past 10-15 years.

A)Ethyl mercury
B)Calcium
C)Some antibiotics
D)Potassium chloride

Question 43

Healthy workplace programs are also called

A)Wellness programs.
B)Operational health programs.
C)Worksite health promotion programs.
D)Employee health programs.

Question 44

Herbert Heinrich introduced the concept of

A)Community safety.
B)Educational safety.
C)Behavioral safety.
D)Hospital safety.

Question 45

_____ demonstrated that psychologists could contribute to efforts to improve employees' safe behavior in the workplace.

A)Freud
B)Bandura
C)Skinner
D)Seligman

Question 46

The ban on _____ is an example of a health policy regulation initiated to reduce the incidences of smoking and its health compromises for individuals.

A)Smoking on U.S.domestic air flights
B)Smoking in front of children
C)Using cartoon characters, such as Joe Camel, to sell cigarettes
D)The selling cigarettes to minors

Question 47

Health issues of interest to community health advocates include

A)Sociocultural development within communities.
B)Violence reduction in neighborhoods.
C)Free wellness checkups.
D)Removal of barriers to health care.

Question 48

Between 1980 and 1994, the state of _____ saw its rates of diagnosed cases of autism increase by approximately 370%.

A)Oregon
B)California
C)Arizona
D)New York

Question 49

Lowe's et al.'s (2005) research is important to the field of health psychology because it suggests that _____ factors are critical to explaining health care-seeking behaviors of individuals.

A)Biopsychosocial
B)Psychosocial
C)Ecological
D)Interpersonal

Question 50

The U.S.Office of Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is responsible for

A)Ensuring all full-time employees receive health care.
B)Identifying potential and specific job hazards.
C)Assessing worker compliance with health policies.
D)Conducting surveys on workplace satisfaction.

Question 51

Researchers suggest that the most likely reason for the dramatic increase in rates of autism is due to

A)Mistaken diagnosis.
B)Genetic mutations.
C)An increase in the use of the chicken pox vaccine.
D)Broader diagnostic criteria and better detection of early indicators of autism.

Question 52

According to Lowe et al.(2005), physicians who allocated less than _____ hours per week for evening appointments were more likely to have patients who sought medical care from hospital emergency departments.

A)8
B)10
C)12
D)15

Question 53

Which of the following factors does NOT appear to influence an individual's decision to seek health care

A)Individual factors
B)Family and community factors
C)Number of health care providers in a community
D)Health care systems

Question 54

In 2006, the U.S.Bureau of Labor Statistics reported approximately _____ workplace fatalities.

A)5400
B)5500
C)5600
D)5700

Question 55

DeVoe's (2009) hypothetical scenario of access to education being regulated in the same manner as access to health care illustrates

A)The problems with access to health care in the U.S.
B)The difficulties some encounter when enrolling their children into the public school system.
C)The financial constraints linked to multi-payer health care systems.
D)All of the above

Question 56

Studies on workplace safety have determined that workplace hazards are generally caused by

A)Too many governmental regulations.
B)The management team.
C)The worker.
D)The environment and poor safety guidelines.

Question 57

Industrial/organizational (I/O) behavior is a new discipline in psychology developed to identify and test strategies that

A)Educate employees on workplace hazards.
B)Motivate employees to adopt and maintain desired work-related behaviors.
C)Include employee input in order to make the workplace environment safer.
D)Ensure employees follow hazard prevention protocols.

Question 58

_____ is a process by which individuals and animals learn to perform a specific behavior by the gradual shaping of their behavior.

A)Operant conditioning
B)Classical conditioning
C)Reinforcement conditioning
D)Punishment

Question 59

Some parents have raised concerns about the ___ vaccine increasing the risk of autism in young children.

A)Gardisil
B)MMR
C)Varicella
D)Tetanus

Question 60

A study conducted by Lowe et al.(2005) found that all but one of the following factors influenced an individual's likelihood of seeking care from someone other than their primary care physician:

A)Patient volume
B)Training experience of the physician
C)Availability of evening appointments
D)Range of medical services available in office

Question 61

Community-based health behavior change must be led by a health psychologist if it is to be effective and enduring.

Question 62

Health policies may sometimes appear to jeopardize, rather than enhance, health outcomes.

Question 63

_____ is a hormone that helps release glucose for the body's cells.

Question 64

The quality of services provided by a physician is the most significant factor related to a patient's decision to postpone or find alternative sources of medical care.

Question 65

"Mercy killing" is another name for _____.

Question 66

Approximately 2,000 cases of skin cancer in the U.S.result in death each year.

Question 67

Dr.Jack Kevorkian has assisted or enabled more than 45 patients with ending their lives.

Question 68

Some healthy workplace programs address the holistic health of individuals.

Question 69

Health psychologists use their knowledge of motivational behaviors to increase the effectiveness of advertising campaigns designed to improve health outcomes.

Question 70

_____ is an example of a support group that guides and advises individuals attempting to lose weight through the use of formal and informal group sessions.

Question 71

The majority of euthanasia cases involve an individual who is terminally ill or has a debilitating injury for which there are few, if any, life-enhancing treatments.

Question 72

_____ states in the U.S.prohibit physician-assisted suicide.

Question 73

Timely medical advice is a form of health advocacy.

Question 74

Health policy is not considered a form of health advocacy.

Question 75

_____ exercises minimize the pain from arthritis.

Question 76

Community-based health intervention programs recognize that an individual is linked to their social context.

Question 77

The most commonly cited reason for euthanasia is intractable physical suffering.

Question 78

Frequent weighing is associated with an increase in weight gain.

Question 79

Family history plays a role in the type or frequency of health care that family members should receive.

Question 80

The ecological perspective requires an interdisciplinary approach to the study and practice of health.