Deck 7: Manufacturing

Question 1

What manufacturing region in North America is known for its aircraft and aerospace industries?

A) Gulf Coast, from southeastern Texas to Alabama
B) Los Angeles and San Diego
C) San Francisco Bay
D) Southeastern, from Virginia through Alabama
E) Pacific Northwest

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which area accounts for 80% of the world's manufacturing?

A) North America
B) Europe
C) W Russia and Ukraine
D) parts of SE Asia: Japan, South Korea and China
E) all of the above

Answer 2

E

Question 3

What important natural resources are plentiful in Europe's major industrial region?

A) natural gas and petroleum
B) wind farms
C) iron ore and coal
D) bauxite and diamonds
E) all of the above

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What is the source of the power supply used in the New York and Mohawk River Valley manufacturing area?

A) locally mined coal
B) nuclear energy
C) Niagara Falls
D) solar energy and wind farms
E) natural gas

Question 5

The oldest district in the North American Manufacturing Belt is

A) Canada's St. Lawrence River Valley.
B) Western Great Lakes, running from Detroit to Chicago.
C) Pittsburgh-Cleveland-Erie.
D) Middle Atlantic, including metropolitan New York.
E) southern New England, especially Boston.

Question 6

What important natural resources are plentiful in Europe's major industrial region?

A) natural gas and petroleum
B) wind farms
C) iron ore and coal
D) bauxite and diamonds
E) all of the above

Question 7

Where is the North American Manufacturing Belt located?

A) Northeastern U.S., and southeastern Canada
B) Southeastern U.S.
C) Northwestern U.S. and southwestern Canada
D) Great Plains
E) Sunbelt states

Question 8

The North American Manufacturing Belt grew rapidly in the late 19th Century due to

A) its access to raw materials.
B) its access to foreign capital.
C) its ample labor supply.
D) a transportation system that allowed easy movement of bulky and heavy materials.
E) all of the above.

Question 9

Which statement best characterizes the West Coast manufacturing district?

A) It has been successful in negotiating the change from older manufacturing forms to newer forms.
B) It contains Silicon Valley.
C) It has shed much of its highly paid, unionized heavy industry.
D) It is one of the world's most important industrial regions.
E) It has paper, lumber, and food processing industries to the northwest.

Question 10

The North American Manufacturing Belt accounts for

A) 1/3 of the North American population.
B) 2/3 of North American manufacturing employment.
C) 1/2 of North American output.
D) all of the above.
E) only 1/3 of N American population and 2/3 of N American manufacturing employment.

Question 11

In what manufacturing region in North America is Boeing Aircraft the largest employer? This same region also produces lumber and paper.

A) Gulf Coast, from southeastern Texas to Alabama
B) Los Angeles and San Diego
C) San Francisco Bay
D) Southeastern, from Virginia through Alabama
E) Pacific Northwest

Question 12

Which district in the North American Manufacturing Belt is in the oldest steel producing region?

A) the central New York and Mohawk River valley
B) Western Great Lakes, running from Detroit to Chicago
C) Pittsburgh-Cleveland-Erie
D) Middle Atlantic, including metropolitan New York
E) southern New England, especially Boston

Question 13

Which district in the North American Manufacturing Belt is also a center for global corporations?

A) Canada's St. Lawrence River Valley
B) Western Great Lakes, running from Detroit to Chicago
C) Pittsburgh-Cleveland-Erie
D) Middle Atlantic, including metropolitan New York
E) southern New England, especially Boston

Question 14

Which district in the North American Manufacturing Belt has a number of its cities located along the Erie Canal?

A) the central New York and Mohawk River valley
B) Western Great Lakes, running from Detroit to Chicago
C) Pittsburgh-Cleveland-Erie
D) Middle Atlantic, including metropolitan New York
E) southern New England, especially Boston

Question 15

The Southeastern Manufacturing region of the U.S.

A) produces textiles as its main product.
B) refines petroleum and produces chemicals.
C) is a major steel producer.
D) is now a major automobile manufacturing region.
E) is a major publishing region.

Question 16

What manufacturing region of North America is known for producing textiles?

A) Gulf Coast, from southeastern Texas to Alabama
B) Los Angeles and San Diego
C) San Francisco Bay
D) Southeastern, from Virginia through Alabama
E) Pacific Northwest

Question 17

What manufacturing region of North America is known for its oil and gas fields and oil refineries?

A) Gulf Coast, from southeastern Texas to Alabama
B) Los Angeles and San Diego
C) San Francisco Bay
D) Southeastern, from Virginia through Alabama
E) Pacific Northwest

Question 18

What manufacturing region in North America produces electronics and processed foods,and is often called "Silicon Valley"?

A) Gulf Coast, from southeastern Texas to Alabama
B) Los Angeles and San Diego
C) San Francisco Bay
D) Southeastern, from Virginia through Alabama
E) Pacific Northwest

Question 19

Which district in the North American Manufacturing Belt has a convergence of railroad and highway transportation routes that make it readily accessible to the rest of the country?

A) the central New York and Mohawk River valley
B) Western Great Lakes, running from Detroit to Chicago
C) Pittsburgh-Cleveland-Erie
D) Middle Atlantic, including metropolitan New York
E) southern New England, especially Boston

Question 20

Which country has experienced persistent industrial decline?

A) Germany
B) Japan
C) Great Britain
D) Belgium
E) Netherlands

Question 21

Between 1974 and 2005,which region had the most rapid growth of manufacturing output?

A) Mexico
B) Central America
C) East and SE Asia
D) Brazil
E) India

Question 22

Several factors underlie the decline in manufacturing in the developed world.These include all of the following EXCEPT

A) the cost of wages in Europe and North America relative to those in in the developing world.
B) high pension costs for workers in developed countries.
C) advances in technology made manufacturing more capital intensive.
D) industrial firms reinvested their net revenues on research and development to remain competitive.
E) shortages of human capital and high transportation costs.

Question 23

As manufacturing jobs were lost in the advanced industrial countries at the end of the 20th Century,which countries saw an increase in manufacturing jobs (though at lower wages)?

A) less-developed countries
B) the countries of Sub-Saharan Africa
C) newly industrializing countries
D) Caribbean countries
E) Central Asian countries

Question 24

What are the characteristics of textile manufacture?

A) labor intensive, technologically unsophisticated, with medium-sized firms and average economies of scale
B) capital intensive, technologically unsophisticated, but with large firms and equally large economies of scale
C) capital intensive and technologically sophisticated
D) labor intensive, with relatively little technological sophistication, small firms, and few economies of scale
E) labor intensive, with medium-sized firms and rapidly advancing technology

Question 25

Why are the Ural Mountains important to Russia's manufacturing centers?

A) They are an important source of water needed for manufacturing.
B) They are near major cities where the primary markets for Russia's goods are located.
C) They have the largest deposits of industrial minerals in Russia.
D) They have many fast-moving rivers, which provide hydropower for Russia's factories.
E) They are the key source of uranium that fuels the nuclear power plants that power Russia's factories.

Question 26

Which manufacturing region in Europe is home to production of high-value automobiles along with textiles and food processing?

A) Upper Rhine--Alsace-Lorraine Region (Mid-Rhine).
B) Po River Valley (northern Italy).
C) Ukraine.
D) Belgium Netherlands, Northwestern Germany, Northeastern France.
E) Moscow region in Russia.

Question 27

Which industry is known for its exploitation of young,predominately female labor?

A) steel
B) textiles
C) electronics
D) biotechnology
E) none of the above

Question 28

Which manufacturing region in Europe is linked to the Black Sea via the Volga River?

A) Upper Rhine-- Alsace-Lorraine Region (Mid-Rhine)
B) Po River Valley (northern Italy)
C) Ukraine, including the Donets Basin
D) Belgium Netherlands, Northwestern Germany, Northeastern France
E) Moscow region in Russia

Question 29

Which region pays the highest wages to its factory workers?

A) U.S.
B) Canada
C) Europe
D) Brazil
E) Russia

Question 30

Which Russian manufacturing region contains Odessa,the principal Black Sea all-weather port?

A) Central Region - Moscow
B) Eastern Ukraine Region
C) Volga Region
D) Kuznetsk Basin
E) Urals Region

Question 31

All of the following have helped to make Japan one of the world's most successful economies,EXCEPT

A) a well-educated population.
B) a strong work ethic and collective commitment.
C) government support.
D) plentiful human resources.
E) plentiful natural resources.

Question 32

Italy has 2 major manufacturing regions.Which pairing of location and major products is correct?

A) Po River Valley - mineral mining and production
B) Po River Valley - high value-added textiles, industrial ceramics, electronic equipment
C) Emilia-Romagna - iron, steel, autos, etc
D) Emilia-Romagna - high value-added textiles, industrial ceramics, electronic equipment
E) none of the above are correctly paired

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT a manufacturing region of Russia,Ukraine and Central Asia?

A) Donetsk River Valley
B) Eastern Ukraine
C) Volga Region
D) Central Region -Moscow
E) Urals Region

Question 34

The major industrial regions of East Asia include all of the following EXCEPT

A) the urban-industrial core centered on Tokyo.
B) Pacific Coast of China - Hong Kong and Guangzhou.
C) Taiwan.
D) South Korea-Seoul.
E) Shanghai.

Question 35

The earliest industry of the Industrial Revolution was

A) textiles.
B) iron.
C) steel.
D) shipbuilding.
E) shoe-making.

Question 36

Hourly labor costs in clothing manufacture are lowest in which country?

A) Egypt
B) Pakistan
C) India
D) China
E) Indonesia

Question 37

Why has the steel industry been an ideal candidate for Weberian locational analysis?

A) because the steel industry faces little uncertainty or risk
B) because it is near its markets
C) because its transport costs have traditionally been high
D) because Weber developed his theories based on the steel industry
E) all of the above

Question 38

The Industrial Revolution began in which country?

A) France
B) United Kingdom
C) Germany
D) Italy
E) Netherlands

Question 39

The United Kingdom's dominance in the Industrial Revolution declined because

A) other European countries learned to produce their own iron, steel and textiles.
B) the worldwide market for British iron, steel, and textiles has decreased substantially.
C) Britain's outmoded industrial infrastructure has reduces its competitiveness.
D) all of the above
E) A and C only

Question 40

The largest European manufacturing region is located in

A) Upper Rhine--Alsace-Lorraine Region (Mid-Rhine).
B) Po River Valley (northern Italy).
C) Ukraine, including the Donets Basin.
D) Belgium Netherlands, Northwestern Germany, Northeastern France.
E) Moscow region in Russia.

Question 41

What are the three major nodes of automobile production around the world?

A) Japan, South Korea, and the U.S.
B) Japan, Europe, and the U.S.
C) Japan, Russia, and the U.S.
D) Japan, China, and the U.S.
E) Japan, India, and the U.S.

Question 42

When flour is turned into bread this is an example of value added by manufacturing.

Question 43

Agglomeration economies accounted for the manufacturing activity in the North American Manufacturing Belt.

Question 44

Which of the following statements is most accurate?

A) The manufacture of consumer electronics and the semiconductor industry are equally widespread.
B) The world manufacture of consumer electronics is much less widely spread than that of the semiconductor industry.
C) The world manufacture of consumer electronics is much more widely spread than that of the semiconductor industry.
D) The world manufacture of consumer electronics is much more localized than that of the semiconductor industry.
E) The manufacture of both consumer electronics and the semiconductor industry are centered in East Asia.

Question 45

What country dominated the field of semiconductor manufacture from its beginnings in the 1960s; and what country has dominated since the 1990s?

A) U.S. then Germany
B) Germany then Japan
C) Japan then South Korea
D) U.S. then Japan
E) U.S. then South Korea

Question 46

Detroit's comparative advantage in terms of automobile production included all of the following EXCEPT

A) it was Henry Ford's hometown.
B) it was previous center of the wagon and buggy industry.
C) it was close to numerous parts-producing firms.
D) it was close to Akron, a major rubber center.
E) it was at the nexus of numerous transportation routes and networks.

Question 47

All of the following resources are present in biotechnology centers in the U.S.,EXCEPT

A) low-wage labor.
B) excellent universities with medical schools.
C) state-of-the-art fiber optics.
D) diverse social environments.
E) desirable recreational environments.

Question 48

What was Henry Ford's contribution to the automobile industry?

A) He invented the automobile.
B) He globalized the manufacture and distribution of automobiles.
C) He established the Indianapolis 500 as a way to make his cars more popular.
D) He introduced the assembly line and made cars affordable to the middle class.
E) He was a marketing genius, and promoted automobiles as the first major consumer good in the U.S.

Question 49

The event that marks the birth of the modern electronics industry is the invention of the ________.

A) telegraph in 1838
B) telephone in 1876
C) moving pictures in 1877
D) radio in 1901
E) transistor in 1948

Question 50

What was the hallmark of Fordism?

A) downsizing
B) the establishment of the automobile industry
C) standardized work and interchangeable parts
D) shift to service sector employment
E) higher levels of education in the U.S.

Question 51

Why is the automobile industry an oligopoly?

A) because of the role of international cartels
B) because of rules made by the World Trade Organization
C) because it is capital intensive and has high start-up costs
D) because it is highly regulated and subsidized by the U.S. federal government
E) because of the role of international labor unions

Question 52

What has been the most important aspect of the Post-Fordism production system?

A) product price
B) flexibility
C) unskilled labor
D) routinized work
E) national linkages

Question 53

Until what year were the U.S.and Europe the leading producers of steel,accounting for 90% of output?

A) 1945
B) 1959
C) 1968
D) 1973
E) 1985

Question 54

Major steel producing countries now include

A) China.
B) Japan.
C) U.S.
D) all of the above.
E) China and Japan only.

Question 55

What resource is critical to making basic research in biotechnology commercially viable?

A) land
B) venture capital
C) labor
D) market
E) government research funding

Question 56

Andrew Carnegie's U.S.Steel Company produced ________ of U.S.steel output in 1900?

A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 20%
D) 30%
E) 50%

Question 57

Pittsburgh was once the heart of the U.S.steel industry.What percentage of U.S.steel is manufactured in Pittsburgh today?

A) 0%
B) 5%
C) 10%
D) 2%
E) 30%

Question 58

Characteristics of the steel industry include all of the following EXCEPT

A) it is highly capital intensive.
B) it is highly labor intensive.
C) it relies on huge economies of scale to produce output.
D) it has played an important role in the development of industrialized societies.
E) it involves relatively simple inputs.

Question 59

The West Coast manufacturing district represents an outstanding example of industrial restructuring.

Question 60

Because the barriers to entry into the steel industry are high,the steel industry has generally been

A) competitive.
B) oligopolistic.
C) a monopoly industry.
D) regulated.
E) footloose.

Question 61

Subcontracting and the shifting of work to other locations and firms outside the principal corporation is known as outsourcing.

Question 62

The hearth area of the Industrial Revolution was northern England.

Question 63

The country of ________ has the third largest GNP in the world and is the world's leading producer of electronics,steel,commercial ships,and automobiles.

Question 64

Japan imports the raw materials used for its manufacturing sector.

Question 65

The country of ________ is now the largest producer of greenhouse gases.

Question 66

An arrangement whereby firms based in advanced industrial countries provide design specifications to producers in less developed countries is called ________ ________.

Question 67

The major cause of the deep world recession in 1974-1975 was the OPEC oil embargo of 1973.

Question 68

When a small number of firms or producers control a market,and can affect market price,this control is called ________.

Question 69

Japan's economy is heavily import-oriented.

Question 70

Japan gets the raw materials for its manufacturing sector from its northern mountains.

Question 71

Located on the Rhine River in Europe ________ is one of the world's largest ports.

Question 72

The restructuring process characterized by a decline in manufacturing capacity and a massive loss in manufacturing jobs is called ________.

Question 73

Companies based in one country that do business in one or more other countries are known as Transnational corporations.

Question 74

Russia's chief industrial region,which is centered on the trans-Siberian railroad,is the ________ ________.

Question 75

A round of restructuring of capitalism starting with the deep recession in 1974-1975 following the oil shock of 1973 caused massive industrialization to occur.

Question 76

Land is critical to making basic research in biotechnology commercially viable.

Question 77

Deindustrialization in the U.S.was followed by a dramatic reduction in its manufacturing output.

Question 78

To transform raw materials into goods that satisfy wants and needs is ________.

Question 79

The Volga District is Russia's chief supplier of oil and gas.

Question 80

The steel industry been an ideal candidate for Weberian locational analysis because its transport costs have traditionally been high.