Deck 13: Therapies

Question 1

The psychoanalytic technique of _____ is used to explore the unconscious by having patients reveal whatever thoughts, feelings, or images come to mind.

A)dream analysis
B)exposure and response prevention
C)free association
D)resistance

Answer 1

free association

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT used in psychoanalysis?

A)dream analysis
B)resistance
C)transference
D)systematic desensitization

Answer 2

systematic desensitization

Question 3

_____ uses psychological rather than biological means to treat psychological disorders.

A)Insight therapy
B)Rational emotive behavior therapy
C)Psychopharmacology
D)Psychotherapy

Answer 3

Psychotherapy

Question 4

Rasha uses free association, resistance, and dream analysis to help understand her patients' unconscious functioning. Which type of therapy does Rasha likely provide?

A)rational emotive behavior therapy
B)gestalt therapy
C)aversion therapy
D)psychoanalysis

Question 5

Which of the following would NOT be considered psychotherapy?

A)cognitive therapy
B)gestalt therapy
C)the use of electroconvulsive therapy
D)aversion therapy

Question 6

_____ specifically refers to the idea that working toward psychological health requires self-understanding.

A)Systematic desensitization
B)Psychotherapy
C)Rational emotive behavior therapy
D)Insight therapy

Question 7

Freud's view that important information is contained in what is NOT being said, is referred to as _____

A)resistance.
B)genuineness.
C)free association.
D)an automatic thought.

Question 8

_____ attempt to uncover repressed childhood experiences that are thought to explain a patient's current difficulties.

A)Cognitive therapies
B)Cognitive-behavioral therapies
C)Behavioral therapies
D)Psychodynamic therapies

Question 9

Youssif is a psychotherapist who believes strongly that people attempt to resolve their early relationship struggles using their current relationships. Many of the people he helps in his practice were raised by at least one alcoholic parent. Interestingly, many of those individuals currently find themselves married to an alcoholic and are struggling once again. Based on this explanation, what type of therapist is Youssif?

A)behavioral therapist
B)humanistic therapist
C)object relations therapist
D)cognitive therapist

Question 10

Henry is a therapist and always begins sessions with new patients by asking them all about their childhood. Because he believes strongly that childhood experiences, especially traumatic ones, can affect the unconscious, he prefers to start there. Which type of therapy does Henry likely provide?

A)psychodynamic therapy
B)behavioral therapy
C)humanistic therapy
D)cognitive-behavioral therapy

Question 11

The first psychodynamic therapy, which was developed by Sigmund Freud, is called _____

A)rational emotive behavior therapy.
B)psychoanalysis.
C)aversion therapy.
D)gestalt therapy.

Question 12

Brief psychodynamic psychotherapy tends to be most effective for _____

A)the undifferentiated type of schizophrenia.
B)those who have a single psychological diagnosis, have functioning relationships, and who believe the therapy will be effective.
C)individuals who have more than one diagnosable psychological disorder.
D)individuals who lack significant social relationships.

Question 13

Jaycee attends therapy once per week. Her therapist instructs her to say whatever comes to mind without censoring it, and stresses the importance of this instruction. Jaycee's therapist is utilizing _____

A)rational emotive behavior therapy.
B)unconditional positive regard.
C)free association.
D)systematic desensitization.

Question 14

Which of the following is a technique used in psychodynamic therapy?

A)free association
B)flooding
C)unconditional positive regard
D)participant modeling

Question 15

Insight therapies work by increasing an individual's understanding of his/her own _____

A)coping mechanisms and thoughts, but not motives and behaviors.
B)thoughts, behaviors, coping mechanisms, emotions, and motives.
C)motives, emotions, and thoughts, with no focus on behaviors.
D)thoughts, coping mechanisms, and behaviors but not emotions.

Question 16

Zin's therapist notices that Zin changes the topic whenever her mother is brought up. Additionally, when her mother is brought up, Zin is always late to her next therapy session. Zin is demonstrating the phenomenon Freud labeled _____

A)transference.
B)free association.
C)aversion therapy.
D)resistance.

Question 17

Uncovering repressed childhood issues, if any exist, and using them to explain an individual's current difficulty is the goal of _____

A)humanistic therapy.
B)psychodynamic therapy.
C)behavioral modification.
D)gestalt therapy.

Question 18

Which type of therapist bases his/her therapy on the notion that the emotional features of early relationships become the blueprint for future relationships?

A)behavioral therapist
B)humanistic therapist
C)object relations therapist
D)cognitive therapist

Question 19

_____ refers to the strong emotional reaction a patient has to the psychoanalyst, which demonstrates how the patient acts toward significant individuals in his/her life.

A)Flooding
B)Transference
C)The empty chair technique
D)Resistance

Question 20

Because Freud believed that emotional concerns repressed in waking life are sometimes expressed in symbolic form while sleeping, he utilized the technique of _____ in therapy.

A)dream analysis
B)exposure and response prevention
C)free association
D)resistance

Question 21

Which of the following is a basic assumption of humanistic therapies?

A)Individuals have learned maladaptive behavior through various forms of conditioning.
B)People need to be directed in therapy in order for it to be fully effective.
C)Childhood experiences, especially traumas, greatly impact psychological development.
D)People have the ability and freedom to lead rational lives and make rational choices.

Question 22

_____ is a nondirective, humanistic therapy developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist creates an accepting climate and shows empathy, freeing clients to be themselves and releasing their natural tendency toward self-actualization.

A)Cognitive therapy
B)Person-centered therapy
C)Psychoanalysis
D)Rational emotive behavior therapy

Question 23

Humanistic psychologists believe that psychological disorders result when _____

A)self-actualization is attained too early.
B)an individual's object of relation is an unhealthy one.
C)the natural tendency toward realizing one's inner potential is blocked by oneself or others.
D)transference interferes with one's authentic self.

Question 24

A brief psychotherapy designed to help people with depression better understand and cope with problems relating to their interpersonal relationships defines _____

A)behavior therapy.
B)humanistic therapy.
C)biomedical therapy.
D)interpersonal therapy (IPT).

Question 25

Gestalt therapy was developed by _____

A)Carl Rogers.
B)Albert Bandura.
C)Sigmund Freud.
D)Fritz Perls.

Question 26

In an effort to help individuals facilitate their own personal growth in therapy, humanistic therapists did which of the following?

A)employed the empty chair technique
B)decided to use the word "client" as opposed to "patient"
C)determined that transference was appropriate for use in treatment
D)created systematic desensitization

Question 27

Based on the research, which of the following will interpersonal therapy be effective in resolving?

A)depression
B)schizophrenia
C)dissociative disorders
D)somatic disorders

Question 28

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding person-centered therapy?

A)Unconditional positive regard is created by the therapist.
B)Person-centered therapy was developed by Carl Rogers.
C)Person-centered therapy is a nondirective type of therapy.
D)The therapist plays the role of the "expert."

Question 29

The realization of one's inner potential is called _____

A)self-actualization.
B)symbiosis.
C)reflection.
D)transference.

Question 30

Mamie notices that when she discusses her issues in therapy, her therapist often says, "Okay, now let me make sure I understand. What it sounds like you are saying is that...." Mamie doesn't mind at all because it makes her feel like the therapist is paying attention, actually cares, and even gives her the opportunity to correct the therapist if what he says is not what she meant. Mamie's therapist is using the technique of _____

A)flooding.
B)active listening.
C)transference.
D)unconditional positive regard.

Question 31

Brett notices in therapy that he seems to be the one controlling the direction the session is taking. He also notices that his therapist has done a nice job of creating an atmosphere of acceptance in therapy. Because his therapist does not make it seem like she is a know-it-all and an expert, he feels like they are on a person-to-person basis. Brett finds this all helpful because it make him trust his therapist even more. Brett's therapist is practicing _____ therapy and is utilizing _____ and _____ as therapeutic techniques.

A)person-centered; transference; flooding
B)behavior; genuineness; aversion therapy
C)humanistic; unconditional positive regard; congruence
D)interpersonal; dream analysis; the empty chair

Question 32

Luisine lost his wife to cancer about four months ago. Still, he seems unable to pull himself together and live his life. His adult children fear that he is developing a depression and is getting worse as opposed to feeling better. According to your text, which type of therapy would be the initial choice that Luisine benefit from most?

A)interpersonal therapy (IPT)
B)electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
C)aversion therapy
D)systematic desensitization

Question 33

Harold is a 52-year-old manager at a major automotive company. He was just informed that the company is downsizing, and he has two weeks to find a new job. Harold had been with the company for the past 24 years and was surprised, angry, and bitter about the news. Eventually, Harold's job loss started to interfere with his functioning. Based on research from your text, which of the following types of therapy would likely benefit Harold the most?

A)aversion therapy
B)group therapy
C)family therapy
D)interpersonal therapy

Question 34

The goal of gestalt therapy is to _____

A)uncover sexual and aggressive impulses buried deep within the mind.
B)help the person get back on the path of self-actualization.
C)modify maladaptive behaviors.
D)help clients achieve a more integrated self and become more self-accepting and authentic.

Question 35

The goal of person-centered therapy is to _____

A)uncover sexual and aggressive impulses buried deep within the mind.
B)help the person get back on the path of self-actualization.
C)modify maladaptive behaviors.
D)help individuals work through difficult and traumatic childhood issues that have invaded the unconscious.

Question 36

_____ are psychotherapies that assume that people have the ability and freedom to lead rational lives and make rational choices.

A)Cognitive therapies
B)Cognitive-behavioral therapies
C)Behavioral therapies
D)Humanistic therapies

Question 37

_____ is any type of psychotherapy in which the therapist allows the direction of the therapy session to be controlled by the client.

A)Rational emotive behavior therapy
B)Nondirective therapy
C)Psychoanalysis
D)Directive therapy

Question 38

Which of the following are techniques used by a person-centered therapist?

A)active listening
B)analyzing resistance
C)transference
D)dream analysis

Question 39

_____ developed person-centered therapy, which is based on the _____ school of thought.

A)Sigmund Freud; psychoanalytic
B)Aaron Beck; cognitive
C)Carl Rogers; humanistic
D)Fritz Perls; behavioral

Question 40

Which of the following statements is FALSE of gestalt therapy?

A)The goal is to become more self-accepting and authentic.
B)It encourages people to take responsibility for their behaviors.
C)It utilizes the empty chair technique.
D)It is nondirective therapy.

Question 41

Behavioral therapy rests on the notion that abnormal behavior _____

A)is a result of childhood traumas that have never been dealt with; therefore, exploring one's childhood is the first step in recovery.
B)is mostly genetic; thus, medications seem to be the first step in working to eliminate it.
C)is learned and can therefore be unlearned with the appropriate behavioral techniques.
D)is a result of both one's heredity and one's environment; consequently, not much can be done to resolve the disorders.

Question 42

In _____, several clients meet regularly with one or more therapists to resolve personal problems.

A)family therapy
B)a self-help group
C)psychoanalysis
D)group therapy

Question 43

_____ utilizes the principles of operant conditioning, classical conditioning, and/or observational learning to eliminate inappropriate and maladaptive behaviors.

A)A self-help group
B)Humanistic therapy
C)Psychoanalysis
D)Behavior therapy

Question 44

Tanisha, a therapist, works with individuals who display poor social s. In treatment, she uses reinforcements and other operant conditioning principles to bring about more adaptive responses in her clients. Tanisha is a _____ therapist using _____ in her therapy sessions to help treat the individuals.

A)psychoanalytic; resistance
B)humanistic; reflection
C)cognitive; rational emotive behavior therapy
D)behavior; behavior modification

Question 45

Family therapy would probably NOT be the most ideal treatment for which of the following situations?

A)a family who has twin boys with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and a stressed-out mother
B)a family who argues constantly about who is to blame for the parents' divorce
C)a family who has a teenage daughter with an eating disorder and two younger daughters who are saddened by the situation
D)a woman who has just lost her husband in a tragic car accident

Question 46

Alcoholics Anonymous, Overeaters Anonymous, and Gamblers Anonymous are all examples of _____

A)family therapy.
B)self-help groups.
C)psychodynamic concepts.
D)gestalt therapy.

Question 47

Which of the following DOES NOT fall within the category of relationship therapies?

A)couples therapy
B)group therapy
C)family therapy
D)psychoanalysis

Question 48

Which of the following therapies is directive and is known for its use of the empty chair technique?

A)psychoanalysis
B)cognitive therapy
C)gestalt therapy
D)rational emotive behavior therapy

Question 49

_____ focuses on a single problem and is often led by someone who is not a professional therapist.

A)A self-help group
B)Family therapy
C)Psychoanalysis
D)Gestalt therapy

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of group therapy?

A)It gives individuals an opportunity to express themselves and be heard by others who may be feeling the same way.
B)Individuals in the group may experience helpful feedback from other members in the group.
C)It offers a sense of connectedness and belonging to the individuals in the group.
D)It is usually more expensive than individual therapy, but most feel it is well worth the extra cost.

Question 51

_____ are defined as therapies that attempt to improve clients' interpersonal relationships or create new relationships to support clients' efforts to address psychological problems.

A)Humanistic therapies
B)Aversion therapies
C)Relationship therapies
D)Psychoanalytic techniques

Question 52

_____ involves intimate partners whose behavior change or emotional responses to each other or both are the focus of treatment.

A)Family therapy
B)A self-help group
C)Psychoanalysis
D)Couples therapy

Question 53

_____ is any type of psychotherapy in which the therapist takes an active role in determining the course of therapy sessions and provides answers and suggestions to the client.

A)Humanistic therapy
B)Aversion therapy
C)Directive therapy
D)Psychoanalysis

Question 54

When a therapist takes an active role in determining the course of therapy sessions and provides answers and suggestions to the client, he or she is providing _____

A)directive therapy.
B)a token economy.
C)humanistic therapy.
D)dream analysis.

Question 55

_____ emphasizes the importance of clients' fully experiencing, in the present moment, their feelings, thoughts, and actions, and then taking responsibility for them.

A)Rational emotive behavior therapy
B)Gestalt therapy
C)Psychoanalysis
D)Nondirective therapy

Question 56

An approach to therapy that uses learning principles to eliminate inappropriate or maladaptive behaviors and replace them with more adaptive responses defines _____

A)behavior modification.
B)active listening.
C)dream analysis.
D)couples therapy.

Question 57

_____ focus solely on the individual in the therapeutic process, whereas _____ focus on both the individual and the individual's interpersonal relationships in the therapeutic process.

A)Couples therapies; group therapies
B)Insight therapies; relationship therapies
C)Group therapies; psychoanalytic techniques
D)Psychodynamic therapies; insight therapies

Question 58

_____ has the goal of helping family members reach agreement on changes that will help heal the family unit, improve communication problems, and create more understanding and harmony within the group.

A)Family therapy
B)A self-help group
C)Psychoanalysis
D)Gestalt therapy

Question 59

Anya provides therapy to her clients in a very straightforward manner. She decides what course the sessions will take and offers advice and suggestions when she feels it is necessary. What type of therapy does Anya likely provide?

A)exposure and response prevention
B)a token economy
C)humanistic therapy
D)directive therapy

Question 60

Although Caitlynn is already in cognitive therapy for her eating disorder, her psychologist believes that she would also benefit from talking to others with eating disorders. Her psychologist wants Caitlynn to meet others struggling to beat an eating disorder and also someone who has already recovered. What type of treatment will Caitlynn's psychologist likely suggest to her?

A)gestalt therapy
B)exposure and response prevention
C)a self-help group
D)family therapy

Question 61

Dora has been admitted to veterinary school and is excited to begin. She has an intense fear of dogs, probably stemming from when she was bitten by a dog many years ago. Dora knows that she must overcome this fear before she begins vet school. She finds a therapist who has her stand in a room with five dogs; the therapist remains in the room with her. After a few minutes of thinking that she would need to run out or start screaming, she realized that the dogs were actually not hurting her. After about an hour and a half, she noticed her anxiety level was substantially lower than it was before she entered the room. The technique seemed to be working. Dora's therapist was using the _____ technique known as _____

A)humanistic; flooding.
B)cognitive; exposure and response prevention.
C)behavior ; flooding.
D)psychodynamic; transference.

Question 62

_____ applied classical conditioning techniques to therapy and is credited for devising systematic desensitization.

A)Joseph Wolpe
B)Sigmund Freud
C)B) F. Skinner
D)Albert Bandura

Question 63

When utilizing systematic desensitization, clients are trained in _____, which becomes a vital component to the treatment.

A)aversion therapy
B)progressive muscle relaxation
C)dream analysis
D)flooding

Question 64

Stella has a phobia of bridges, but needs to cross one in order to get to her new job. She found a therapist who can help her by using in vivo flooding. If she chooses this therapist, what should Stella expect during treatment?

A)to draw many bridges on canvas until her anxiety decreases
B)to be on an actual bridge until her fear subsides
C)to discuss bridges for the first five sessions
D)to analyze the root of her bridge phobia

Question 65

_____ occurs when an individual is asked to imagine or even be in the presence of the feared object; he/she remains there until the fear has subsided.

A)Aversion therapy
B)Systematic desensitization
C)Exposure and response prevention
D)Flooding

Question 66

LenDale has been diagnosed with a specific phobia. His therapist asks him to imagine a time when he was very relaxed. Once he achieves that relaxed state, the therapist asks him to imagine the feared object and then eventually works with him to be relaxed in the presence of the real object. This procedure is completed in gradual steps. Which technique did his therapist use?

A)systematic desensitization
B)flooding
C)the empty chair technique
D)aversion therapy

Question 67

Which of the following behavior modification techniques is based on operant conditioning?

A)systematic desensitization
B)the empty chair technique
C)time out
D)aversion therapy

Question 68

Bernice has a terrible phobia of heights. It has become more problematic since the announcement of her promotion. With the promotion come more money, more perks, and more prestige. Unfortunately, it also requires Bernice to work on the 35th floor of the building. She knows that she must overcome this fear if she wants to accept the promotion. With which therapeutic technique will she likely find the most success?

A)empathy and genuineness
B)transference
C)systematic desensitization
D)a token economy

Question 69

_____, a behavior modification technique, is used to eliminate undesirable behavior, especially in children and adolescents, by withdrawing all reinforcers for a period of time.

A)A self-help group
B)Exposure and response prevention
C)Electroconvulsive therapy
D)The time out

Question 70

Jeremiah is told that he can play in the sand box only if he promises not to throw sand. He agrees. After about 6 minutes in the sand box, however, Jeremiah is caught by the teacher throwing sand at another child. Jeremiah is taken out of the sand box and made to sit on a chair for 8 minutes where he can see the others playing in the sand box and having fun, but he cannot join in. Jeremiah is experiencing _____

A)aversion therapy.
B)a time out.
C)the empty chair technique.
D)negative reinforcement.

Question 71

When appropriate and desirable behaviors earn points or tokens that can later be exchanged for rewards, which of the following techniques is being used?

A)systematic desensitization
B)a token economy
C)the empty chair technique
D)participant modeling

Question 72

Lester, a 29-year-old smoker, has a head injury and lives in a group home with four other men. They have staff members who are with them 24 hours per day to help them with everyday tasks. Lester often displays aggressive or otherwise inappropriate behaviors as a result of his brain injury. For this reason, the staff members have been trained by the agency psychologist to give him a coupon every time Lester shows an appropriate behavior. When he saves up eight coupons, Lester is rewarded with a cigarette. Which of the following techniques is the staff members using with Lester?

A)healing circle
B)aversion therapy
C)a token economy
D)unconditional positive regard

Question 73

_____ is a behavior modification technique that rewards appropriate behavior with tokens that can be exchanged later for desired goods and/or privileges.

A)A self-help group
B)Exposure and response prevention
C)Electroconvulsive therapy
D)A token economy

Question 74

The technique of exposure and response prevention has been used successfully in treating individuals with _____

A)schizophrenia.
B)dissociative identity disorder.
C)autism.
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 75

Which of the following is NOT a behavioral technique based on classical conditioning?

A)flooding
B)exposure and response prevention
C)token economy
D)systematic desensitization

Question 76

Which of the following statements is true of systematic desensitization?

A)It forces people to face their fear by surrounding them with the feared object.
B)It pairs the feared object with an aversive, or unpleasant, stimulus.
C)It removes all potential reinforcers from the situation.
D)It pairs the feared object with relaxation.

Question 77

Which of the following will increase the effectiveness of the time out as a way of reducing or eliminating undesirable behaviors?

A)setting the time period to 20 minutes if the child is under age 10 and 30 minutes or more if the child is age 10 or older
B)sending children to their rooms where they can play with their toys and books to keep them occupied
C)having a child sit next to his/her favorite teacher away from the other kids so he/she gets the individual attention from the teacher
D)making sure the child knows the rules first and then consistently following through with the punishment, remembering to remove all reinforcers

Question 78

_____ is used to treat fears by training clients in deep muscle relaxation and then having them confront a graduated series of anxiety-producing situations until they can remain relaxed while confronting even the most feared situation.

A)Aversion therapy
B)Congruence
C)A token economy
D)Systematic desensitization

Question 79

The removal of reinforcers for a certain period of time as a means to eliminate undesirable behaviors is called _____

A)systematic desensitization.
B)exposure and response prevention.
C)the time out.
D)a token economy.

Question 80

What is the difference between systematic desensitization and flooding?

A)Flooding is based on operant conditioning, whereas systematic desensitization is based on classical conditioning.
B)Systematic desensitization is based on operant conditioning, whereas flooding is based on classical conditioning.
C)Systematic desensitization is gradual, whereas flooding is administered all at once.
D)There is no difference. They are alternate names for the same exact technique.