Deck 14: Social Psychology

Question 1

When Jill met Jack for the first time, she was amazed and thrilled by what she saw and heard. Aside from the fact that Jack was very good looking, he was polite, kind, and incredibly respectful. They began dating after that. Jack was actually rather rude and obnoxious. It took some time, though, before this seemed to sink in for Jill. What could explain Jill's failure to be aware of these characteristics sooner?

A)secondary appraisal
B)primacy effect
C)post-impression effect
D)recency effect

Answer 1

primacy effect

Question 2

When we attempt to explain the cause of someone's behavior, we are utilizing _____

A)impression management.
B)attributions.
C)the self-serving bias.
D)behavior assignment.

Answer 2

attributions.

Question 3

Which of the following topics would NOT be considered of interest in the field of social psychology?

A)obedience
B)conformity
C)psychological disorders and treatment
D)compliance

Answer 3

psychological disorders and treatment

Question 4

_____ is the tendency for an overall impression of another to be influenced more by the first information that is received about that person than by information that comes later.

A)The halo effect
B)The actor-observer effect
C)The primacy effect
D)The recency effect

Question 5

The _____ is attributing a behavior to some external cause or factor operating within the situation.

A)primacy effect
B)internal attribution
C)situational attribution
D)self-serving bias

Question 6

_____ is the process of making inferences about the causes of human behavior.

A)Social cognition
B)The human causality hypothesis
C)Attribution
D)The primacy effect

Question 7

Roland was having a bad day. He woke up late for his job interview because the power in his house went off due to a thunderstorm that surprised his state of Ohio. While he rushed around the house to get ready, he remembered he still had to stop at the gas station for some gasoline. As he was getting gas, some of it sprayed on his suit. Upon driving to the interview site, he ran into construction and had to sit in traffic. He forgot his cell phone at home, so he could not call to inform the company he was running late. By the time he made it to the interview, he was frustrated, late, and smelled like gasoline. What could Roland possibly do to still create a positive first impression?

A)He could loudly vent his frustration and explain why he was late.
B)He could offer a firm handshake with a smile along with good eye contact when he first meets the interviewer.
C)He could make a sarcastic comment about the construction he had to sit in and the fact that he construction workers were mostly just sitting around drinking coffee.
D)He should be a no show to this interview and then call when he gets home to try to get another interview scheduled.

Question 8

Fredrico was enjoying a cup of coffee at the local bookstore as he perused through the aisles of books. A person standing in one of the aisles caught his eye. He was amazed at the beauty of this person and tried to take in as many details as he could without staring. He wanted to remember everything he saw just in case he couldn't conjure up the courage to say hello this time. In which of the following psychological processes was Fredrico engaging?

A)social perceptual accuracy
B)the halo effect
C)the actor-observer effect
D)social cognition

Question 9

Which of the following topics would be most interesting to a social psychologist?

A)the neurobiological cause of schizophrenia
B)why some people perform better when in front of an audience
C)the rate of posttraumatic stress disorder after the September 11, 2001 attacks
D)how to best counsel a teenager who has a substance abuse problem

Question 10

The intentional steps we take to influence others' opinions of us defines _____

A)impression management.
B)social cognition.
C)the primacy effect.
D)impression formation.

Question 11

Which of the following is the reason that the first impression of an individual usually sticks?

A)the primary appraisal
B)the recency effect
C)impression management
D)the primacy effect

Question 12

A(n)_____ attribution is made when we blame an individual's behavior on the situation; a(n)_____ attribution is made when we blame the individual's behavior on his/her personality or other personal characteristics.

A)external; situational
B)internal; external
C)external; dispositional
D)dispositional; situational

Question 13

_____ attempts to explain how the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others influences the thoughts, feelings, and behavior of individuals.

A)Social psychology
B)Behavioral psychology
C)Cognitive psychology
D)Community psychology

Question 14

_____ is the assignment of a cause to explain one's own or another's behavior.

A)Attribution
B)Impression management
C)The primacy effect
D)Impression formation

Question 15

The _____ is attributing a behavior to some external cause or factor operating from outside the person, whereas the _____ is attributing a behavior to some internal cause, such as a personal trait, motive, or attitude.

A)primacy effect; recency effect
B)internal attribution; external attribution
C)situational attribution; external attribution
D)situational attribution; dispositional attribution

Question 16

The mental process of developing opinions about other people defines _____

A)the human focal theory.
B)impression formation.
C)the primacy effect.
D)social cognition.

Question 17

When a person assigns causes to another individual's behavior and assumes that the behavior is due to the situation that the individual finds himself/herself in, a(n)_____ is made.

A)dispositional attribution
B)fundamental error in judgment
C)internal attribution
D)external attribution

Question 18

Lourdes conducts research at a large university. She is most interested in why some students on campus seem to lose control after their team wins or loses a big game. Ultimately, she wants to figure out why some students engage in rioting while others do not. Lourdes is most likely a _____

A)school psychologist.
B)neuropsychologist.
C)social psychologist.
D)developmental psychologist.

Question 19

_____ is the process of attending to, interpreting, and remembering information about ourselves and others.

A)Social perceptual accuracy
B)The fundamental attribution error
C)The actor-observer effect
D)Social cognition

Question 20

When driving down the highway, Gianna could not help but notice the young woman who seemed to be driving in a reckless manner. She immediately wondered if the woman was in an emergency or if something important was going on to make her drive like that. Gianna just made a(n)_____

A)conformity attribution.
B)dispositional attribution.
C)external attribution.
D)impression attribution.

Question 21

The tendency to feel more positively toward a stimulus as a result of repeated exposure to it defines _____

A)proximity.
B)mere-exposure effect.
C)reciprocity.
D)the halo effect.

Question 22

The tendency to attribute one's own behavior primarily to situational factors and the behavior of others primarily to dispositional factors is known as the _____

A)self-serving bias.
B)internal attribution.
C)actor-observer effect.
D)external attribution.

Question 23

When Gene was arrested for rioting on his college campus, he defended himself by saying he just got caught up in the moment and that he wasn't really "like that" at all. However, when the 200 other students were also caught, he said they were rowdy and irresponsible individuals. What has Gene just demonstrated here?

A)halo effect
B)conformity attribution
C)self-serving bias
D)actor-observer effect

Question 24

When Jeremy found out he made it to the second round of interviews for a job he wanted, he strongly believed it was due to his qualifications and talent. When he found out he was not chosen for the job, he assumed it was because the interviewers simply could not see what a great candidate they had in him. This exemplifies the _____

A)self-serving bias.
B)fundamental attribution error.
C)just cause effect.
D)actor-observer effect.

Question 25

When driving down the highway, Caesar could not help but notice the young-looking teenager who seemed to be driving in a reckless manner. He immediately assumed that he was one of those defiant, careless, and irresponsible teens who really did not deserve a license. Caesar just made a(n)_____

A)situational attribution.
B)impression attribution.
C)external attribution.
D)dispositional attribution.

Question 26

The _____ is attributing a behavior to some internal cause, such as a personal trait, motive, or attitude.

A)primacy effect
B)dispositional attribution
C)situational attribution
D)self-serving bias

Question 27

The tendency to attribute one's successes to dispositional causes and one's failures to situational causes defines the _____

A)actor-observer effect.
B)internal attribution.
C)self-serving bias.
D)external attribution.

Question 28

When a person assigns causes to another individual's behavior and assumes that the behavior is due to that individual's personal characteristics, a(n)_____ is made.

A)situational attribution
B)dispositional attribution
C)attribution error
D)external attribution

Question 29

The tendency to give more attention to dispositional factors than is appropriate for a situation defines the _____

A)actor-observer effect.
B)internal attribution.
C)self-serving bias.
D)fundamental attribution error.

Question 30

Jamika was given a music CD as a gift. Although it was from a genre of music that she thought she would never like, she is realizing that the more she listens to it, the more she actually likes it. In fact, it is quickly becoming one of her favorite CDs. Which of the following is influencing her preference to this CD?

A)repetition theory
B)halo effect
C)proximity effect
D)mere-exposure effect

Question 31

Which of the following major influences on attraction is defined as physical or geographic closeness?

A)proximity
B)mere-exposure effect
C)reciprocity
D)the halo effect

Question 32

Based on the research presented in your textbook, which of the following factors is NOT involved in our attraction to another individual?

A)geographical nearness
B)similar age
C)sharing similar views on important topics
D)physical resemblance to one another

Question 33

We tend to like the people who also like us-or who believe like us-a phenomenon called _____

A)mere-exposure.
B)the matching hypothesis.
C)reciprocity.
D)the actor-observer effect.

Question 34

Britta has a 5-year-old son and Ahbed has a 6-year-old daughter. Though they don't live by each other, Britta and Ahbed arrange play dates for their kids every Saturday morning because neither of them live around any other children. Over time, their children have developed a friendship. Which of the following factors likely had the most influence on the formation of that friendship?

A)the halo effect
B)mere-exposure effect
C)the self-serving bias
D)the actor-observer effect

Question 35

When describing or explaining the behavior of others, we tend to blame the person; however, when explaining our own behavior, we tend to blame the situation. This phenomenon is referred to as _____

A)the fundamental attribution error.
B)the self-serving bias.
C)the situational attribution effect.
D)the actor-observer effect.

Question 36

_____ is the tendency to explain one's own successes in terms of internal attributes, but blame one's failures on external causes.

A)The fundamental attribution error
B)The self-serving bias
C)The conformity effect
D)The actor-observer effect

Question 37

Ihla likes Jeb for a few reasons, but mainly because he likes her. Which of the following factors of attraction best explains why Ihla likes Jeb?

A)the mere-exposure effect
B)the matching hypothesis
C)proximity
D)reciprocal liking

Question 38

Jimmy, Maria, and Abdul were carpooling to work. As they were driving through heavy traffic, they were almost hit by a car that was driving on the shoulder. Jimmy immediately assumed it was a rebellious, reckless teenager who clearly was choosing not to follow the rules of the road. Maria assumed it was an impatient, hostile guy in his thirties not wanting to wait with everyone else on the road. Abdul immediately said, "Hey you two, what if the person driving was trying to get a pregnant, laboring woman to the hospital in time for the delivery?" Who did NOT fall prey to the fundamental attribution error?

A)Jimmy
B)Abdul
C)Maria
D)Jimmy and Abdul

Question 39

Chris and Pat are happy couple. They met a few years ago in the dormitory of their college where they shared not only a cafeteria, but three classes that first semester. Which of the following factors of attraction likely played a role in their initial coming together as a couple?

A)matching hypothesis
B)the self-serving bias
C)reciprocity effect
D)proximity

Question 40

_____ overemphasizes internal causes when explaining the behavior or others.

A)The self-serving bias
B)The situational attribution
C)The fundamental attribution error
D)The external attribution

Question 41

Raj and Isa were longtime best friends. As a gift to each other after college graduation, they decided to spend a weekend in Las Vegas. They had great fun together, as always, but also learned that they were suddenly madly attracted to each other. As it turned out, they decided to get married while they were in Vegas. Though neither of them really knew if it would work in the long run, and they were both okay with it if it didn't, they knew they had the intimacy and passion parts all worked out. Which description within the triangular theory of love best describes their relationship?

A)consummate love
B)fatuous love
C)empty love
D)romantic love

Question 42

Which of the following was NOT rated as most important to most males and females across many cultures when choosing a mate, according to research by Buss (1990)?

A)dependable character
B)pleasing disposition
C)mutual attraction/love
D)education and intelligence

Question 43

Based on the triangular theory of love, _____ create(s)the concept of romantic love.

A)passion and commitment
B)intimacy and passion
C)passion only
D)commitment only

Question 44

Nicolina came to America from Italy in 1921 when she was just 21 years old. She came to America mainly to marry Giuseppe, who had already been in America for a year. Nicolina had met Giuseppe in Italy just before he left for America, but they did not really know each other. Both wondered if they'd even be physically attracted to each other. Which description within the triangular theory of love best describes their relationship in 1921?

A)consummate love
B)fatuous love
C)empty love
D)liking

Question 45

The notion that people tend to have lovers or spouses who are similar to themselves in physical attractiveness and other assets defines the _____

A)halo effect.
B)reciprocity hypothesis.
C)actor-observer effect.
D)matching hypothesis.

Question 46

Based on the triangular theory of love, _____ create(s)the concept of empty love.

A)passion and commitment
B)intimacy only
C)passion only
D)commitment only

Question 47

Based on the triangular theory of love, _____ create(s)the concept of liking.

A)passion and commitment
B)intimacy only
C)passion only
D)commitment and intimacy

Question 48

_____ is the tendency to assume that a person has generally positive or negative traits as a result of observing one major positive or negative trait.

A)The halo effect
B)Reciprocity
C)The actor-observer effect
D)Groupthink

Question 49

Based on the triangular theory of love, _____ create(s)the concept of fatuous love.

A)passion and commitment
B)intimacy and passion
C)passion only
D)commitment only

Question 50

Though all the following factors play a role in relationship success, which of the following-based on research by O'Leary and Smith (1991)-appear to be related to marital success as well as to marital choice?

A)similarity in religion and similarity in education
B)similarity in needs and similarity in personality
C)similarity in ethnicity and similarity in finances
D)similarity in needs and similarity in religion

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT a major factor in an individual's choice of a significant other?

A)similarity in personal style
B)similarity in socioeconomic status
C)similar attitudes
D)similar personality

Question 52

The _____ states that three components-intimacy, passion, and commitment-singly and in various combinations, produce seven different kinds of love.

A)relationship triad hypothesis
B)reciprocity theory
C)actor-observer effect
D)triangular theory of love

Question 53

Mikayla met Ben for the first time this past weekend. She could not help but notice how attractive he was. Because of that, she assumed that Ben was also exciting, sociable, and interesting. What has Mikayla just demonstrated?

A)mere-exposure effect
B)halo effect
C)situational attribution
D)proximity effect

Question 54

The _____ suggests that individuals tend to choose significant others who are similar to themselves in degree of physical attractiveness.

A)matching hypothesis
B)mere-exposure effect
C)proximity effect
D)attractiveness hypothesis

Question 55

When a person assumes that an attractive individual is also interesting, kind, sociable, and exciting, then he/she is demonstrating the _____

A)dispositional attribution.
B)mere-exposure effect.
C)halo effect.
D)situational attribution.

Question 56

Based on the triangular theory of love, _____ create(s)the concept of infatuated love.

A)passion and commitment
B)intimacy only
C)passion only
D)commitment and intimacy

Question 57

Jess and Steven just met. They were instantly attracted to each other and have since acted on those feelings of physical attraction. Though they do not share commitment or any real intimacy yet, they are enjoying their time together. Which description within the triangular theory of love best describes their relationship?

A)consummate love
B)fatuous love
C)infatuated love
D)liking

Question 58

_____ is an evolutionary psychologist who is known for his work on attractiveness among and within cultures.

A)Hans Mesmer
B)Stanley Milgram
C)David Buss
D)Solomon Asch

Question 59

Brad and Amber are great friends with a close bond between them. Though they do not share passion or commitment, they have a mutual respect for each other. Which description within the triangular theory of love best describes their relationship?

A)consummate love
B)fatuous love
C)infatuated love
D)liking

Question 60

_____ proposed the triangular theory of love.

A)Robert Sternberg
B)Stanley Milgram
C)David Buss
D)Solomon Asch

Question 61

Though Joseph and Linn are deeply committed to one another, they rarely have discussions about anything important. The only connectedness Linn feels is when she and Joseph engage in sexual activity, so the passion in their relationship is still very strong. Which description within the triangular theory of love best describes their relationship?

A)consummate love
B)fatuous love
C)empty love
D)liking

Question 62

The attitudes and standards of behavior expected of members of a particular group define _____

A)compliance.
B)social facilitation.
C)social norms.
D)conformity.

Question 63

Which of the following pairings are correct?

A)Milgram - social roles; Asch - conformity
B)Zimbardo - obedience; Asch - social roles
C)Asch - obedience; Milgram - conformity
D)Milgram - obedience; Asch - conformity

Question 64

According to conformity research and the Big Five personality dimensions, what personality profile is associated with the highest rate of conformity?

A)low in neuroticism and conscientiousness but high in agreeableness
B)low in neuroticism but high in agreeableness and conscientiousness
C)high in neuroticism but low in agreeableness and conscientiousness
D)high in conscientiousness but low in agreeableness

Question 65

Based on the triangular theory of love, _____ create(s)the concept of consummate love.

A)passion and commitment
B)intimacy and passion
C)passion only
D)commitment, passion, and intimacy

Question 66

Sixteen-year-old Elias was frustrated to have to move and leave a high school he really liked. At his old school, he had many friends and the support of his teachers. He found his new school much different and had difficulty finding his place there. Though Elias was an excellent student at his old school, he quickly learned that he would have to abandon that to fit in with the new group of friends that appeared to be accepting him. Because he felt his need for friends and acceptance was greater than his need for good grades, he let his grades slide. Which of the following concepts best explains why Elias put forth little effort in his school work at his new school?

A)the matching hypothesis
B)conformity
C)obedience
D)the fundamental attribution error

Question 67

According to Sternberg, _____ love is the ideal form of love that many strive for but few attain.

A)consummate love
B)fatuous love
C)companionate love
D)infatuated love

Question 68

In psychological research, the people who pose as participants but who are actually assisting the researcher are called _____

A)naïve subjects.
B)social loafers.
C)confederates.
D)true subjects.

Question 69

Rasha and Malik have been a couple for more than 20 years. They still share similar interests, enjoy each other's company, and share a strong physical attraction to one another. According to Robert Sternberg, Rasha and Malik display _____

A)romantic love.
B)infatuated love.
C)companionate love.
D)consummate love.

Question 70

Which of the following briefly describes the classic research on conformity led by Solomon Asch in the 1950s?

A)having the teacher administer shocks of increasing strength to a learner upon every incorrect response
B)asking for $40 when you really only need $10
C)having some college students act as guards and having some act as prisoners in a make-believe prison
D)having subjects select which line of three most closely resembles the standard line

Question 71

Which of the following prompted Stanley Milgram to create research on the topic of obedience?

A)Vietnam War
B)his interest in what motivates people to go along with the crowd
C)the Holocaust
D)his keen interest in human behavior

Question 72

Based on the triangular theory of love, _____ create(s)the concept of companionate love.

A)passion and commitment
B)intimacy and passion
C)passion only
D)intimacy and commitment

Question 73

_____ is defined as changing or adopting a behavior or an attitude in an effort to be consistent with the social norms of a group or the expectations of other people.

A)The halo effect
B)Compliance
C)Obedience
D)Conformity

Question 74

Which of the following briefly describes the classic research on obedience led by Stanley Milgram in the 1960s?

A)having the teacher administer shocks of increasing strength to a learner upon every incorrect response
B)asking for $40 when you really only need $10
C)having some college students act as guards and having some act as prisoners in a make-believe prison
D)having subjects select which line of three most closely resembles the standard line

Question 75

Changing one's behavior or thinking in order to go with the group or to fit another's expectation can be referred to as _____

A)compliance.
B)groupthink.
C)conformity.
D)social loafing.

Question 76

Which of the following researchers led a classic study on conformity in the 1950s?

A)Solomon Asch
B)David Buss
C)Philip Zimbardo
D)Robert Sternberg

Question 77

Anya was diagnosed with cancer over a year ago and has been undergoing treatments ever since. Because she has been so sick and experiencing such pain, she and her significant other have not engaged in any form of sexual activity for about a year. However, they are emotionally connected and their commitment to each other remains strong. Which description within the triangular theory of love best describes their relationship right now?

A)companionate love
B)fatuous love
C)empty love
D)liking

Question 78

Which of the following accurately summarizes the results of Milgram's "study of memory and learning"?

A)About 15% of the subjects administered the highest shock possible.
B)About 25% of the subjects administered the highest shock possible.
C)About 40% of the subjects administered the highest shock possible.
D)About 65% of the subjects administered the highest shock possible.

Question 79

Behaving in accordance with the rules and commands of those in authority defines _____

A)compliance.
B)social facilitation.
C)obedience.
D)conformity.

Question 80

Who was the confederate in Milgram's study of obedience in the 1960s?

A)the naïve subject
B)Milgram himself
C)the teacher
D)the learner