Deck 52: Responding to Emergencies

Question 1

What is the BEST initial intervention to control rapid spreading of venom in an extremity such as the foot?

A)specific antivenom administration
B)application of a rubber band
C)application of a tourniquet
D)aspiration of venom from the bite site

Answer 1

application of a rubber band

Question 2

What is the primary treatment for a client who is in hypovolemic shock?

A)administration of epinephrine and diphenhydramine hydrochloride
B)antibiotic therapy
C)emergency coronary bypass surgery
D)fluid replacement

Answer 2

fluid replacement

Question 3

A small child has had vomiting and diarrhea for more than 12 hours,unrelieved by the medication prescribed by a pediatrician earlier in the day.The child is listless but awake and refuses anything offered by mouth;vital signs are normal.In which of these triage categories would the child be placed?

A)emergent
B)priority
C)nonurgent
D)urgent

Answer 3

urgent

Question 4

Which of these terms describes a client who is in shock resulting from vasodilation and abnormal fluid distribution within the circulatory system?

A)distributive
B)cardiogenic
C)hypovolemic
D)obstructive

Question 5

A client has second- and third-degree burns to the legs and feet.The nurse assesses the client has an increased heart rate,decreased blood pressure,and cool and clammy skin.The nurse should recognize this client is in what type of shock?

A)anaphylactic
B)cardiogenic
C)hypovolemic
D)toxic

Question 6

Clients with head injuries should be placed in which of these positions?

A)dorsal recumbent
B)prone
C)semi-Fowler's
D)side-lying

Question 7

A disaster can BEST be described as:

A)a consequence of natural or man-made events
B)a situation or event posing a serious threat to public health
C)the result of conditions beyond the scope of normal emergencies
D)a legal term related to unexplained situations with unpredictable outcomes

Question 8

Which of these phrases BEST describes an emergency within the context of health care?

A)a sudden disruption in normal functioning with serious consequences
B)a disturbance in homeostasis that prevents normal body activity
C)a medical condition requiring immediate intervention
D)a health care crisis occurring when normal care procedures cannot be carried out

Question 9

A client who is being treated for head trauma has just started to hiccup.What is the FIRST nursing priority?

A)Administer prescribed muscle relaxant.
B)Administer prescribed sedation.
C)Notify the health care provider.
D)Obtain vital signs including a neurological screening.

Question 10

A client who is a victim of a penetrating trauma has bowel loops protruding through the abdominal wall.Which of these actions should the nurse take FIRST?

A)Administer narcotics if indicated by pain level expressed by the client.
B)Cover the exposed intestine with saline-soaked gauze.
C)Insert a large-bore intravenous (IV)access.
D)Prepare the client for a peritoneal lavage procedure.

Question 11

A female client comes to the emergency department saying she was sexually assaulted in her apartment.The nurse's focus in this situation should be to:

A)provide accurate,methodical care to the client
B)notify the client's family of the attack
C)refer the client for psychological counseling
D)administer antipregnancy medication when prescribed

Question 12

Initial treatment of simple strains and sprains uses the RICE formula,which means

A)regular iced compression of extremity
B)radiological examination,isotonic movement,continuity,and edema
C)rest,ice,compression,and elevation
D)restrain,immobilize,comply with treatment,and eliminate causative factors

Question 13

A client comes to the emergency department complaining of abdominal pain.Nursing assessment should focus on which of the following?

A)acquiring a history of previous surgical procedures
B)identifying location,duration,severity,and radiation of the pain
C)determining normal bowel and bladder patterns
D)obtaining history of food allergies

Question 14

The initial focus of the nursing management of clients who are in shock is to:

A)identify the type of shock
B)initiate appropriate interventions quickly
C)discuss client status with the family
D)administer medications as ordered

Question 15

Morphine sulfate is the drug of choice for clients experiencing a cardiopulmonary emergency because it:

A)decreases both pain and anxiety
B)is a vasodilator and a bronchodilator and provides pain relief
C)relieves the severe pain usually associated with this type of emergency
D)helps restore cardiovascular function

Question 16

A nurse who is assisting in disaster triage following a severe hurricane finds a client who has experienced a massive head injury from flying debris.In which of these categories would the nurse place this client?

A)immediate
B)delayed
C)minimal
D)expectant

Question 17

A client is exhibiting a paradoxical breathing pattern.The nurse should recognize this unique pattern is associated with which of these conditions?

A)cardiac tamponade
B)flail chest
C)myocardial infarction
D)pneumothorax

Question 18

What is the simplest method of triaging clients in an emergency department (ED)?

A)basic life-support principles of airway,breathing,and circulation
B)Maslow's hierarchy of physiologic,safety,love,self-esteem,and self-actualization needs
C)holistic perspective of physiologic,psychological,sociocultural,intellectual,and spiritual aspects
D)health continuum from wellness to illness

Question 19

When initiating cardiopulmonary resuscitation on a hospitalized client,which of these actions should the nurse take to promote return of respiration?

A)Ask a client's family member to perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.
B)Personally give breaths using mouth-to-nose technique.
C)Request that an endotracheal tube (ET)be placed by qualified personnel.
D)Use a bag-valve-mask resuscitator.

Question 20

Treatment of clients who have any type of eye trauma should include:

A)antibiotic eye medication
B)application of a warm saline dressing
C)patching of the affected eye
D)patching of the opposite eye

Question 21

A client who has severe third-degree burns must be "packaged," which means the nurse will:

A)prepare for application of plaster immobilization cast
B)prepare to transport the client to an isolation area
C)provide postmortem care and transfer the body to the morgue
D)wrap affected areas in sterile dressings,start an IV,and insert specified tubes and catheters

Question 22

When a client has a laceration of the skin,which of these must be initiated after the nurse cleanses the wound?

A)application of pressure dressing
B)administration of pain medication
C)prophylactic administration of antibiotics
D)suturing of laceration

Question 23

A client collapses during a marathon,complaining of headache,weakness,dizziness,nausea,and muscle cramps.The client's skin is moist,cool,and pale.Which of these actions should the nurse take?

A)Move client to a cool area,and administer copious amounts of water.
B)Loosen constrictive clothing,pour water over client,and place client near a fan.
C)Immerse client in cool-water bath,and initiate IV fluids.
D)Initiate IV fluid replacement,place client on cardiac monitor,remove clothing,and pour cool water over client.

Question 24

A client arrives in the emergency department undergoing CPR after being rescued from submersion in cold water.The nurse should recognize that CPR should be continued until the client's:

A)core temperature reaches 94 degrees Fahrenheit and cardiac status is evaluated
B)electrocardioversion can be attempted
C)family member can authorize "do not resuscitate" orders
D)reason for being in cold water is determined

Question 25

An 8-year-old girl is stung by bees several times on the school playground,and the school nurse brings the child to the emergency department.The child is experiencing respiratory difficulties and may require endotracheal intubation.Who can obtain informed consent for this invasive procedure?

A)the client
B)the school nurse
C)only directly from a parent or legal guardian
D)Informed consent is not needed in emergency situations.

Question 26

A 3-year-old child has ingested a household cleaner,which the poison control center states is caustic.Which of these actions should the nurse take?

A)Administer 15 cc syrup of ipecac,and repeat in 20 minutes to induce vomiting.
B)Give copious amounts of water to dilute the substance.
C)Give two 8-ounce glasses of milk to neutralize the acidity of the poison.
D)Insert a nasogastric tube,and remove as much of the substance as possible.

Question 27

A client has experienced severe frostbite to the feet and toes.Which of these actions should the nurse take?

A)Administer prophylactic antibiotics.
B)Offer the client several cups of hot coffee to assist in rewarming.
C)Massage the injured areas as they rewarm,to promote circulation.
D)Provide rapid rewarming using warm-water baths.

Question 28

The basic principles of first aid developed for emergency medicine are part of the triage and include which of the following? (Select all that apply. )

A)assess physical environment for self-protections
B)notify family for treatment consent
C)remove the client from danger
D)obtain and maintain an open airway
E)assess breathing
F)use Glasgow Coma Scale
G)obtain arterial blood gases