Deck 16: Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Question 1

The primary goal of ________ is to find meaning in life.

A) cognitive therapy
B) existential therapy
C) humanist therapy
D) behaviour therapy

Answer 1

existential therapy

Question 2

Who of the following is a humanist therapist?

A) Carl Rogers
B) Albert Ellis
C) Aaron Beck
D) Sigmund Freud

Answer 2

Carl Rogers

Question 3

Psychosurgery is ________ today.

A) rare
B) common
C) illegal
D) more effective

Answer 3

rare

Question 4

A primary goal of ________ is to resolve conflict and break out of destructive habits.

A) behaviour therapy
B) couples therapy
C) rational-emotive therapy
D) psychodynamic therapy

Question 5

What is the most important factor contributing to success in therapy?

A) the therapeutic alliance
B) an ethnic match between therapist and client
C) a motivated client
D) a match between type of therapy and type of problem

Question 6

Antidepressant drugs can cause all of the following side effects EXCEPT:

A) nausea
B) constipation
C) headaches
D) low blood pressure

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to the scientist-practitioner gap?

A) the rise of professional schools
B) a lack of empirical assessment of therapy
C) proliferation of new therapies
D) unequal salaries of academic and applied psychologists

Question 8

What type of therapy is most effective for the treatment of depression?

A) psychodynamic therapy
B) behaviour therapy
C) cognitive therapy
D) humanist therapy

Question 9

Which of the following is not a behavioural therapy?

A) flooding
B) exposure
C) skills training
D) family-systems perspective

Question 10

Tranquilizers such as Xanax and Valium increase the activity of the neurotransmitter:

A) GABA.
B) norepinephrine.
C) serotonin.
D) epinephrine.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a problem with the use of antipsychotic drugs?

A) People may quit taking their medication because of unpleasant side effects.
B) They do not reduce all of the symptoms of schizophrenia.
C) They can cause severe hypertension.
D) A common side effect is uncontrollable tremors.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a limitation of drug therapy?

A) the placebo effect
B) low relapse and dropout rates
C) dosage problems
D) long-term risks

Question 13

ECT and transcranial magnetic stimulation are used to treat:

A) anxiety.
B) major depression.
C) psychosis.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 14

Systematic desensitization for the treatment of phobias is a type of:

A) psychodynamic therapy.
B) cognitive therapy.
C) behaviour therapy.
D) humanist therapy.

Question 15

Antidepressant drugs are used to treat all of the following EXCEPT:

A) depression.
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C) anxiety.
D) schizophrenia.

Question 16

The primary method in ________ involves providing a nonjudgmental setting in which to discuss issues while providing the client with unconditional positive regard.

A) existential therapy
B) rational-emotive behaviour therapy
C) client-centred therapy
D) modern psychodynamic therapies

Question 17

Which of the following symptoms is NOT reduced by antipsychotic drugs?

A) hallucinations
B) disordered thoughts
C) delusions
D) agitation

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT an element of psychodynamic therapy?

A) transference
B) dream analysis
C) free association
D) flooding

Question 19

Who of the following developed rational-emotive behaviour therapy?

A) B. F. Skinner
B) Albert Ellis
C) Aaron Beck
D) Irvin Yalom

Question 20

The drug of choice for treating bipolar disorder is:

A) Xanax.
B) Wellbutrin.
C) Lithium.
D) Prozac.

Question 21

A drug that elevates the levels of norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain by blocking an enzyme that deactivates these neurotransmitters would be considered a/an:

A) tranquilizer.
B) antipsychotic drug.
C) lithium carbonate.
D) antidepressant.

Question 22

An antidepressant would NOT be prescribed for:

A) anxiety.
B) bipolar disorder.
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D) phobias.

Question 23

A person may have short-term success with antipsychotic or antidepressant drugs, but because of their unpleasant side effects, ________ of the people stop taking them.

A) three-quarters
B) over 90%
C) one-half to two-thirds
D) one-quarter

Question 24

Antipsychotic drugs block or reduce the sensitivity of brain receptors that respond to ________ and can ________ schizophrenic episodes.

A) dopamine; shorten
B) GABA; alter
C) dopamine; lengthen
D) serotonin; modify

Question 25

Which of the following would be useful in reducing a patient's agitation and delusions?

A) an antipsychotic drug
B) lithium carbonate
C) a tranquilizer
D) an antidepressant

Question 26

A meta-analysis of studies addressing the effectiveness of antidepressants in the treatment of depression revealed that:

A) patients and clinicians agreed that a modest improvement had occurred.
B) clinicians found the drugs helpful but patient ratings showed no advantages over placebos.
C) patients felt considerable improvement and often discontinued psychotherapy.
D) patients and clinicians found that the drugs were not helpful in relieving symptoms.

Question 27

Which of the following symptoms of schizophrenia would not be relieved by antipsychotic drugs?

A) delusions
B) agitation
C) the duration of schizophrenic episodes
D) emotional flatness

Question 28

The therapeutic window refers to the:

A) amount of a drug that is enough but not too much.
B) number of controlled trials necessary before FDA approval of a drug.
C) duration of time when a patient is receptive to change.
D) approved number of therapy visits by the insurance company.

Question 29

________, such as Valium and Xanax, increase the activity of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).

A) Tranquilizers
B) Antipsychotic drugs
C) Antidepressants
D) Lithium carbonate

Question 30

An issue of concern to those treating individuals with mental disorders is whether the therapists need to "fix" the brain or the mind. At this time, the explanations and treatments that are in the ascendance are:

A) behavioural explanations and treatments.
B) biological explanations and treatments.
C) psychodynamic explanations and treatments.
D) humanist explanations and treatments.

Question 31

Antipsychotic drugs offer little relief from which of the following aspects of schizophrenia?

A) jumbled thoughts
B) agitation
C) the duration of schizophrenic episodes
D) delusions

Question 32

Antidepressants work by ________ the activity of ________.

A) decreasing; norepinephrine and serotonin
B) increasing; norepinephrine and serotonin
C) increasing; GABA
D) decreasing; dopamine

Question 33

People suffering from bipolar disorder often are helped by taking ________, which may produce its effects by protecting brain cells from being overstimulated by another neurotransmitter, glutamate.

A) an antidepressant
B) an antipsychotic drug
C) a tranquilizer
D) lithium carbonate

Question 34

The form of psychosurgery known as the prefrontal lobotomy:

A) often leaves patients apathetic and withdrawn.
B) was originally used exclusively with severely depressed patients.
C) is frequently used today.
D) appears to have few, if any, serious side effects.

Question 35

All of the following statements about tranquilizers are accurate EXCEPT:

A) tranquilizers are overprescribed by general physicians for patients who complain of any kind of mood disorder.
B) tranquilizers are not effective in treating depression.
C) tranquilizers increase the activity of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
D) tranquilizers produce unpleasant physical reactions, including dry mouth and decreased sexual desire.

Question 36

________ must be given in exactly the right dose because too little will not help people who suffer from bipolar disorder and too much is toxic.

A) Antipsychotic drugs
B) Antidepressants
C) Tranquilizers
D) Lithium carbonate

Question 37

A meta-analysis of studies addressing the effectiveness of herbs in the treatment of depression revealed that:

A) St. John's wort was not more effective than the placebo condition for mild depression.
B) For severe depressions, St. John's wort was more effective than a placebo.
C) For severe depressions, St. John's wort was more effective than SSRIs.
D) St. John's wort was more effective than a placebo if the depression was a mild one.

Question 38

If Fergus takes ________, it reduces his agitation and delusions and shortens his schizophrenic episodes.

A) one of the tranquilizers, such as Valium
B) one of the MAO (monoamine oxidase) inhibitors, such as Nardil
C) one of the SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), such as Prozac
D) one of the neuroleptics, such as chlorpromazine

Question 39

________ are nonaddictive, but they can produce some unpleasant physical reactions, including dry mouth, headaches, constipation, nausea, gastrointestinal problems, weight gain, decreased sexual desire, and delayed orgasm.

A) antipsychotic drugs
B) lithium carbonates
C) tranquilizers
D) antidepressants

Question 40

Which of the following drugs are most often prescribed by physicians in general practice for patients who complain of depressed mood, panic, or anxiety?

A) antidepressants
B) lithium carbonate
C) antipsychotic drugs
D) tranquilizers

Question 41

Electroconvulsive therapy has been used successfully to treat ________ that has not responded to other treatments.

A) schizophrenia
B) severe depression
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder
D) bipolar disorder

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT a limitation associated with drug treatments?

A) Drugs used on a long-term basis by patients often have brief, controlled testing trials.
B) When Health Canada approves a drug for one disorder, doctors can prescribe it for other disorders.
C) The same dose of a drug may be metabolized differently in older people when compared to younger people.
D) It is more expensive, and so overburdened health care systems prefer psychotherapy.

Question 43

A therapist's goal is to delve into the unconscious processes of his patients. He is most likely to consider himself a practitioner of:

A) depth therapy.
B) client-centred therapy.
C) rational emotive therapy.
D) existential therapy.

Question 44

The proponents of ________ therapies also refer to their methods as "depth" therapies.

A) humanist
B) cognitive
C) behaviour
D) psychodynamic

Question 45

Murray is a bright student, but he procrastinates. He puts off writing term papers and gets incompletes, which eventually become F's. After exploring his early memories, Murray comes to the insight that he procrastinates as a way of expressing anger toward his parents. The treatment method used to help Murray deal with his problem is:

A) cognitive therapy.
B) humanist therapy.
C) psychodynamic therapy.
D) behaviour therapy.

Question 46

Sigmund Freud would agree that ________ may be useful in treating a psychological disorder.

A) systematic desensitization
B) free association
C) exposure treatment
D) flooding

Question 47

When a patient comes in complaining of a headache, the therapist views the headache as the tip of a mental iceberg. Which type of therapy would this represent?

A) psychoanalytic
B) cognitive
C) behavioural
D) existential

Question 48

The goal of orthodox psychoanalysis is:

A) a reduction in unhealthy behaviours.
B) coping with the inescapable realities of life.
C) understanding, not cure.
D) freedom from self-imposed limits.

Question 49

The ________ school of therapy has as one of its primary goals insight into unconscious motives and feelings, plus a change in the client's symptoms.

A) humanist
B) psychoanalytic
C) psychodynamic
D) behavioural

Question 50

A patient lies comfortably relaxed on a couch while verbally reporting on all of his thoughts, feelings, sensations, and other mental events. The patient is engaged in what Freud calls:

A) resistance.
B) free association.
C) transference.
D) dream work.

Question 51

A therapist views a patient's symptom as the result of repression and so he focuses on understanding rather than cure. Which type of therapy would this represent?

A) existential
B) psychoanalytic
C) cognitive
D) behavioural

Question 52

When psychiatrist Keh-Ming Lin moved from Taiwan to the United States, he found that:

A) the dosage of antipsychotic drugs given to Chinese females with schizophrenia was often twice as much as the dose for American males.
B) the dosage of antipsychotic drugs given to Chinese patients with schizophrenia was often 10 times higher than the dose for American patients.
C) the dosage of antipsychotic drugs given to American patients with schizophrenia was often 10 times higher than the dose for Chinese patients.
D) the dosage of antipsychotic drugs given to Chinese males with schizophrenia was often twice as much as the dose for American females.

Question 53

________ is defined as a method originally developed by Sigmund Freud, emphasizing the exploration of unconscious motives and conflict through free association to dreams and memories.

A) Rational-emotive therapy
B) Client-centred therapy
C) Psychoanalysis
D) Existential therapy

Question 54

Balthazar's depression is being treated through a procedure in which electrodes are placed on both sides of his head and a brief current is turned on. The current triggers a seizure that lasts about a minute, causing his body to convulse. His treatment involves ________.

A) PET
B) SSRI
C) ECT
D) MAO

Question 55

Since a central goal of the psychodynamic therapy is to help the patient understand the relationships between present symptoms and unconscious origins, psychodynamic therapy is often called:

A) transference.
B) catharsis.
C) depth therapy.
D) reconstructive therapy.

Question 56

Psychosurgery is defined as:

A) any surgical procedure that destroys selected areas of the brain believed to be involved in emotional disorders or violent, impulsive behaviour.
B) information given to a patient about a surgical procedure before the surgery in order to prevent anxiety.
C) surgery that severs the corpus callosum of the patient so that the two hemispheres of the brain no longer communicate with one another.
D) a procedure in which a brief current of electricity is used to trigger a seizure that typically lasts one minute, causing the body to convulse.

Question 57

A therapist considers her method to be a form of "depth" therapy because her goal is to delve into the deep unconscious processes of her patients. Which type of therapist would she represent?

A) cognitive
B) psychodynamic
C) existential
D) behavioural

Question 58

Regarding the effectiveness of ECT:

A) patients receiving ECT no longer require the use of muscle relaxants and anaesthesia.
B) no one knows for certain just how or why it works.
C) its ability to help people who are suicidal is more likely when it is accompanied by a cingulotomy.
D) its success often depends on the use of drug therapy.

Question 59

After a six-week period of controlled trials, Health Canada approves a drug that appears safe and effective in the treatment of school-age boys with ADHD. Once it is approved, doctors are permitted to prescribe it:

A) for patients that match subjects in the controlled study in regard to age, in this example, school-age boys and girls.
B) for patients that match subjects in the controlled study in regard to gender, in this example, males with a diagnosis of ADHD.
C) for other conditions, and to other populations, than those on which it was originally tested.
D) for patients that match subjects in the controlled study in regard to ethnicity/culture.

Question 60

In orthodox psychoanalysis:

A) the analyst challenges the person whenever a thought or interpretation is irrational or misguided.
B) a person who is trying to avoid thinking of a traumatic event is asked to imagine it over and over and over, until it is no longer a powerful unconscious force.
C) a person may come in complaining of a symptom but the therapist may not get around to that symptom for months or even years.
D) the analyst probes the person's unconscious, formulates the main issue regarding the symptom, and focuses on the recurring problem.

Question 61

A girl has an unreasonable fear of heights. If a therapist were to use the technique of flooding, the girl would be:

A) required to talk about what she fears most about high places.
B) made to watch a video of rock climbers.
C) brought to the top of a mountain.
D) asked to imagine herself hang-gliding.

Question 62

A man is seeing a behaviour therapist because he feels compelled to count to one million each night before he goes to sleep. His therapist is likely to describe the problem in terms of:

A) the man's negative thoughts and feelings.
B) the man's early childhood experiences.
C) the man's current relationship with his parents.
D) the reinforcing consequences of his counting behaviour.

Question 63

A major element of all psychodynamic therapies, from Freudian to present forms, is:

A) skills training.
B) flooding.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) transference.

Question 64

If a psychoanalyst suspects that a patient's behaviour represents transference, he or she will most likely:

A) signal to the patient that the therapy session should be ended.
B) help the patient interpret the transferred feelings.
C) ignore the behaviour as common and unimportant.
D) begin to engage in countertransference.

Question 65

Behavioural therapists would agree that ________ may be useful in treating a psychological disorder.

A) early memories
B) flooding
C) free association
D) transference

Question 66

When a patient transfers emotional elements of her or his inner life outward onto the analyst, it is a form of ________ therapy.

A) humanistic
B) cognitive
C) behavioural
D) psychodynamic

Question 67

A therapist treats Rhona's agoraphobia by riding the subway with her. This is called:

A) systematic desensitization.
B) transference.
C) flooding.
D) rational-emotive behavioural therapy.

Question 68

Thanks to new computer technology, virtual reality devices permit behaviour therapists to conduct ________ in their offices.

A) exposure therapy
B) free association
C) unconditional positive regard
D) transference

Question 69

Murray is a bright student, but he procrastinates. He puts off writing term papers and gets incompletes, which eventually become F's. Murray's therapist helps him establish small, specific goals, rather than vague, long-range goals. He also begins to keep a diary of how he is spending his time when he is avoiding his studies. The treatment method used to help Murray deal with his problem is:

A) humanist therapy.
B) psychodynamic therapy.
C) cognitive therapy.
D) behaviour therapy.

Question 70

The past is to ________ therapy as the present is to ________ therapy.

A) behaviour and cognitive; humanistic
B) psychodynamic; behaviour and cognitive
C) behaviour and cognitive; psychodynamic
D) behaviour and cognitive; object-relations

Question 71

Another name for exposure treatment is:

A) flooding.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) successive approximations.
D) aversive conditioning.

Question 72

A behaviour therapist would be LEAST likely to use:

A) systematic desensitization.
B) free association.
C) skills training.
D) flooding.

Question 73

The ________ school of therapy has as one of its primary goals modification of self-defeating behaviours.

A) cognitive
B) psychoanalytic
C) humanist
D) behavioural

Question 74

Cherise has been accepted to the graduate school she had ranked as first choice. Unfortunately, she just found out that her department is located on the tenth floor and she fears heights so much that she never goes above the third floor in any building. Her therapist teaches her how to relax deeply while imagining herself looking out over a balcony. As her therapy progresses, Cherise imagines herself on higher and higher floors! This technique is called:

A) flooding.
B) rational-emotive behavioural therapy.
C) transference.
D) systematic desensitization.

Question 75

A boy is afraid of spiders. His therapist asks him to develop a list of the situations in which spiders create anxiety for him, from the least to the most threatening. Next, he is taught how to relax and let go of tension. Finally, while relaxed, he is asked to imagine the least threatening situation on the list. The procedure used by the boy's therapist is called:

A) flooding.
B) skills training.
C) aversion therapy.
D) systematic desensitization.

Question 76

________ occurs when a client responds to her therapist with unconscious emotions or reactions, such as conflicts about her parents.

A) Transference
B) Exposure treatment
C) Free association
D) Flooding

Question 77

Psychologists who practise behavioural therapy focus on the client's:

A) methods of coping with inescapable realities of life.
B) unconscious anxieties.
C) relationships with parents.
D) current behaviour and attitudes.

Question 78

"You look just like my ex-husband used to look before he would pick a fight. I hate that look!" This patient's utterance directed at her therapist during psychoanalysis is referred to as:

A) transference.
B) skills training.
C) flooding.
D) free association.

Question 79

The common ingredient to both systematic desensitization and flooding is:

A) relaxation training.
B) transference.
C) strong punishment.
D) exposure to a feared object or situation.

Question 80

Systematic desensitization is based on:

A) operant conditioning.
B) spontaneous recovery.
C) stimulus generalization.
D) counterconditioning.