Question 1

Which of the following hormones will trigger ovulation in females?&#10;A) luteinizing hormone&#10;B) thyroid-stimulating hormone&#10;C) oxytocin&#10;D) growth hormone

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone triggers ovulation in females. Unlike the other hormones listed, it is directly involved in the reproductive system and specifically stimulates the release of an egg from the ovary during the menstrual cycle. Thyroid-stimulating hormone plays a role in regulating the thyroid gland, oxytocin is involved in childbirth and lactation, and growth hormone is involved in the regulation of growth and metabolism.

Question 2

Testosterone is produced in which of the following cells?&#10;A) oocyte&#10;B) follicular cells&#10;C) spermatogenic cells&#10;D) interstitial cells

Accepted Answer

Testosterone is primarily produced in the interstitial cells (sometimes called Leydig cells), which are located in the testes of males.

Question 3

Which cells of the thyroid produce calcitonin?&#10;A) oxyphil cells&#10;B) parafollicular cells&#10;C) chief cells&#10;D) follicle cells

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin is produced by the parafollicular cells, also known as C-cells, which are scattered in between the thyroid follicles.

Question 4

A morbidly obese man has been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.Which of the following hormones is not being utilized effectively?&#10;A) calcitriol&#10;B) pancreatic polypeptide&#10;C) insulin&#10;D) glucagon

Accepted Answer

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, which means the body is not effectively utilizing insulin to regulate blood sugar levels. Calcitriol is a hormone derived from vitamin D that helps regulate calcium levels in the body, pancreatic polypeptide is involved in regulating pancreatic secretion and appetite, and glucagon raises blood sugar levels when they are too low. Therefore, none of these hormones are directly related to the development of type 2 diabetes.

Question 5

What structure secretes melatonin?&#10;A) pineal gland&#10;B) posterior pituitary&#10;C) anterior pituitary&#10;D) hypothalamus

Accepted Answer

The pineal gland is responsible for the secretion of melatonin.

Question 6

Which of the following hormones is produced in the zona fasciculata?&#10;A) glucocorticoids&#10;B) mineralocorticoids&#10;C) estrogens&#10;D) androgens

Accepted Answer

Glucocorticoids are produced in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex. Mineralocorticoids are produced in the zona glomerulosa, while estrogens and androgens are produced in the zona reticularis.

Question 7

Which type of pancreatic cell produces somatostatin?&#10;A) beta cells&#10;B) F cells&#10;C) alpha cells&#10;D) delta cells

Accepted Answer

Delta cells are responsible for producing somatostatin in the pancreas.

Question 8

What hormone is produced by the chief cells?&#10;A) calcitonin&#10;B) calcitriol&#10;C) parathyroid hormone&#10;D) growth hormone

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone is produced by the chief cells of the parathyroid glands. This hormone plays a crucial role in regulating calcium levels in the blood.

Question 9

A young child was brought to the hospital with multiple bone breaks.It is determined that the child's osteoclasts are overactive.Which hormone is most likely to be elevated?&#10;A) natriuretic peptide&#10;B) thyroxine&#10;C) calcitonin&#10;D) parathyroid hormone

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood by stimulating osteoclast activity to breakdown bone tissue and release calcium. If the osteoclasts are overactive, it suggests that PTH levels are elevated and causing excessive bone resorption. This could lead to multiple bone breaks and other bone-related issues. Natriuretic peptide is a hormone involved in regulating salt and water balance, thyroxine is involved in metabolism regulation, and calcitonin has the opposite effect of PTH and inhibits osteoclast activity. None of these hormones are directly related to overactive osteoclasts and bone breaks.

Question 10

Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH)produced?&#10;A) pituitary&#10;B) pineal gland&#10;C) adrenal medulla&#10;D) hypothalamus

Accepted Answer

ADH is produced in the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary gland.

Question 11

The production of what hormone is influenced by parathyroid hormone?&#10;A) calcitriol&#10;B) triiodothyronine&#10;C) thyroxine&#10;D) luteinizing hormone

Accepted Answer

The answer of The production of what hormone is influenced...

Question 12

A patient is shown to have very low levels of thyroid hormones.The body will respond by elevating which hormone?&#10;A) growth hormone&#10;B) adrenocorticotropic hormone&#10;C) prolactin&#10;D) thyroid-stimulating hormone

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient is shown to have very...

Question 13

Which region of the pituitary produces melanocyte-stimulating hormone in fetuses,young children,and pregnant women?&#10;A) hypothalamus&#10;B) adenohypophysis&#10;C) pars intermedia&#10;D) neurohypophysis

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which region of the pituitary produces melanocyte-stimulating...

Question 14

Where in the adrenal gland is cortisol produced?&#10;A) zona glomerulosa (of adrenal cortex)&#10;B) zona fasciculata (of adrenal cortex)&#10;C) zona reticularis (of adrenal cortex)&#10;D) adrenal medulla

Accepted Answer

The answer of Where in the adrenal gland is cortisol...

Question 15

Which cells of the pancreatic islets produce glucagon?&#10;A) delta cells&#10;B) F cells&#10;C) beta cells&#10;D) alpha cells

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which cells of the pancreatic islets produce...

Question 16

A 22-year-old female is given the results of her blood test and she notices that her calcium levels are high.Which of the following hormones is most likely to be elevated?&#10;A) calcitonin&#10;B) thyroid-stimulating hormone&#10;C) parathyroid hormone&#10;D) prolactin

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 22-year-old female is given the results...

Question 17

A 25-year-old woman has noticed that she has a high body temperature and has lost weight despite eating a lot of food.Which gland is most likely to be overactive?&#10;A) thymus&#10;B) parathyroid&#10;C) thyroid&#10;D) adrenal cortex

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 25-year-old woman has noticed that she...

Question 18

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)has been linked to increased production and secretion of a specific hormone.Where is this hormone produced and secreted?&#10;A) anterior pituitary&#10;B) thyroid&#10;C) pineal gland&#10;D) posterior pituitary

Accepted Answer

The answer of Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)has been linked to...

Question 19

Which hormone is produced by the thyroid gland?&#10;A) thymosin&#10;B) thyroxine&#10;C) natriuretic peptides&#10;D) parathyroid hormone

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which hormone is produced by the thyroid...

Question 20

A 45-year-old man has experienced a thickening of the bones of his wrist and face.Laboratory testing has revealed an increased production of one hormone that could be caused by a tumor.Where is the most likely location of the tumor?

A) posterior pituitary
B) pancreas
C) anterior pituitary
D) thyroid

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 45-year-old man has experienced a thickening...

Deck 19: The Endocrine System