Deck 10: Childhood and Adolescent Sexuality

Question 1

At what age does it become very difficult to change a child's gender identity? 

A) 2 
B) 3 
C) 4 
D) 5

Answer 1

  A

Question 2

What is a common criticism of many of the studies related to childhood sexuality? 

A) Most are completed using participants who have experienced childhood sexual abuse. 
B) Most do not ask children questions directly but rely on parents to judge their children's sexuality development. 
C) Most are retrospective in nature and rely on older adults to remember what they did when they were young. 
D) More studies have relied on information from girls because they are more likely to be open about their early childhood experiences.

Answer 2

  C

Question 3

Research finds that more adolescent and young adult males masturbate than females.What is one possible reason for this? 

A) Females may under-report their masturbation. 
B) Females do not typically enjoy masturbation. 
C) Females do not reach orgasm as easily through masturbation. 
D) Females are not alone as much as males.

Answer 3

  A

Question 4

During what stage of development do boys typically begin to use sexual insults? 

A) early childhood 
B) prepubescence 
C) adolescence 
D) emerging adulthood

Question 5

Children's earliest friendships tend to be activity-based.What are friendships more likely to be based on in early adolescence? 

A) affective qualities 
B) physical qualities 
C) social status 
D) sexual orientation

Question 6

What is the technical term used for first ejaculation in boys? 

A) spermarche 
B) nocturnal emission 
C) semenarche 
D) spermatogenesis

Question 7

Which statement does NOT accurately reflect masturbation in preteens and teenagers? 

A) On average, teenage girls masturbate less often than teenage boys. 
B) Boys are more likely than girls to masturbate in groups. 
C) By the age of twelve, most children are capable of stimulating themselves to orgasm. 
D) Girls most often learn about masturbation from other girls.

Question 8

How can same-sex experimentation in preadolescents be described? 

A) very rare 
B) an early sign of homosexual orientation 
C) quite common 
D) a sign that the child has been sexually abused

Question 9

What hormone is released in response to a baby's crying which,in turn,facilitates the release of breast milk? 

A) estrogen 
B) oxytocin 
C) pheromone 
D) testosterone

Question 10

Which term refers to the realization that one's gender does not typically change over the life span? 

A) gender identity 
B) gender constancy 
C) gender integration 
D) gender synthesis

Question 11

Which statement best describes common feelings of teens about the timing of puberty? 

A) Girls who mature early feel more positive about their bodies. 
B) Boys who develop late feel more positive about their bodies. 
C) Early development in girls is less embarrassing than early development in boys. 
D) Maturing early or late can be difficult for both boys and girls.

Question 12

What have studies related to sibling sexual contact found? 

A) While sex games or fondling are fairly common, sexual contact between siblings is more likely to be harmful when there is a large age difference between siblings. 
B) Sex games or fondling are not common between siblings and when they do happen it is usually an indicator of sexual abuse occurring in the family. 
C) While sex play in general is uncommon, when it does happen it typically involves penetration and/or oral stimulation of the genitals. 
D) Coerced sex play is more common between brothers than between sisters.

Question 13

Four-year-old Emma knows that she is a girl,but sometimes she says things that indicate she thinks she may be a boy in the future.What has Emma not yet achieved? 

A) gender identity 
B) gender constancy 
C) gender integration 
D) gender role identification

Question 14

Which country has one of the lowest rates teen pregnancy,birth,and abortion? 

A) the Netherlands 
B) the United States 
C) Russia 
D) Mexico

Question 15

Which statement best describes genital self-stimulation and infants? 

A) During infancy genital touching is virtually unknown. 
B) Genital touching during infancy is uncommon and should be considered a warning sign of potential psychosexual disorders. 
C) During infancy genital touching is uncommon and not correlated with future sexual problems when it does occur. 
D) Genital touching during infancy is common and should not be discouraged.

Question 16

What is the significance of the Quinceañera celebration in Latino communities? 

A) to announce a daughter's availability to potential mates 
B) to celebrate a young girl's transition into adolescence 
C) to celebrate a young girl's first period 
D) to announce a daughter's graduation from middle school

Question 17

What type of sexuality-related questions are the most common for children to ask first? 

A) How are babies made? 
B) How do babies get outside of the mommy? 
C) Why do mommies and daddies kiss like that? 
D) Why do boys have a penis and girls have a vagina?

Question 18

At what age do the first outward signs of puberty typically emerge? 

A) 7 to 8 
B) 9 to 10 
C) 11 to 12 
D) 13 to 14

Question 19

A four-year-old girl is interested in her own anatomy.What term should her parents teach her to use to refer to her vagina? 

A) coochie 
B) pee pee 
C) vajayjay 
D) vagina

Question 20

A typically-developing child shows a decline in sexual exploration.Most likely,how old is this child? 

A) 2 
B) 3 
C) 6 
D) 12

Question 21

Tara has just graduated from high school.Who is she most likely to identify as the most important person in her life? 

A) her best friend 
B) her favourite teacher 
C) her mother 
D) her father

Question 22

What was the most common motivation given by girls for engaging in sexual intercourse for the first time? 

A) affection for partner 
B) curiosity 
C) just went along with it 
D) physical pleasure

Question 23

What pattern of sexual development leads to girls feeling most attractive and positive about their bodies? 

A) developing well ahead of schedule 
B) feeling they have developed "on time" 
C) developing a little behind schedule 
D) developing very slowly

Question 24

Which statement best describes the relationship between religion and sexual activity? 

A) Religion has not been found to be a significant factor in delaying first intercourse. 
B) Religious teens are more likely to have higher incidents of premarital sexual activity out of curiosity. 
C) Once a teen begins engaging in sexual behaviours, the influence from religion has been found to have little impact on the frequency of sexual behaviours. 
D) Religious teens are more likely to use contraception when they do become sexually active.

Question 25

Which statement best describes the relationship between teens and contraceptive use? 

A) Teens who begin having sex at a younger age are more likely to use condoms consistently. 
B) Approximately 75% of Canadian teens report using contraception during sexual intercourse. 
C) Oral contraception is the most common form of contraception used by teens. 
D) Teens in long term relationships are less likely to use contraception methods.

Question 26

Which statement best describes how peers influence each other related to sexual behaviours? 

A) A person's perception of what peers are doing has a greater influence than peers' actual behaviours. 
B) Peers' actual behaviours are the strongest predictor of sexual behaviour within peer groups. 
C) Peer influences are only correlated with patterns of casual sex but have not been found to greatly influence teens in serious dating relationships. 
D) Contrary to popular belief, peer influences are not related to decisions about sexual activities during adolescence.

Question 27

Who typically communicates about sexuality between parents and children? 

A) mothers to daughters and fathers to sons 
B) mothers to both sons and daughters 
C) fathers to both sons and daughters 
D) mothers and fathers equally to sons and daughters

Question 28

What is one reason girls may experience first sexual contact earlier than boys? 

A) Girls develop more outward signs of puberty earlier. 
B) It is common for young heterosexual girls to date older boys. 
C) Because of hormone fluctuations, girls are more likely to experience sexual desire earlier. 
D) Girls tend to be more sexually knowledgeable than boys.

Question 29

What is the most commonly used method of contraception among sexually active teens? 

A) oral contraception 
B) the contraceptive sponge 
C) condoms 
D) withdrawal

Question 30

About what percentage of Canadian students in grades 9-12 have engaged in sexual intercourse? 

A) 25 
B) 50 
C) 65 
D) 85

Question 31

Which statement best describes patterns of teens and oral sex? 

A) Teens with more conservative attitudes are more likely to engage in oral sex. 
B) Teens from lower socioeconomic classes are more likely than those from higher socioeconomic classes to engage in oral sex. 
C) The majority of heterosexual teens engage in oral sex after they have already engaged in sexual intercourse. 
D) Equal numbers of males and females engage in both giving and receiving oral sex.

Question 32

What percentage of teens say their parents most influence their decisions about sex? 

A) 6 
B) 31 
C) 59 
D) 93

Question 33

What was the most common motivation given by boys for engaging in sexual intercourse for the first time? 

A) affection for partner 
B) curiosity 
C) just went along with it 
D) physical pleasure

Question 34

Eric is in the most psychologically and socially difficult period of life.What stage of development is Eric in? 

A) early childhood 
B) prepubescence 
C) adolescence 
D) early adulthood

Question 35

What percentage of high school students commonly report being unsure about their sexual orientation? 

A) 10 
B) 20 
C) 25 
D) 30

Question 36

Since the earlier Kinsey studies,how have rates of oral sex among teenagers changed? 

A) Rates of oral sex have decreased and been replaced by higher levels of intercourse. 
B) Rates of oral sex have remained constant between the years of the Kinsey studies and the more recent National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior. 
C) Rates of oral sex have increased according to results of the National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior. 
D) Rates of receiving oral sex for males have remained constant while rates of receiving oral sex for females have increased dramatically.

Question 37

What was the focus of early twentieth-century sexuality education movement? 

A) pregnancy prevention 
B) STI prevention 
C) preventing premarital sex 
D) providing information about intimate relationships

Question 38

Which STIs are most often diagnosed in teens? 

A) chlamydia and gonorrhea 
B) gonorrhea and herpes 
C) herpes and genital warts 
D) genital warts and chlamydia

Question 39

According to research on parent-adolescent communication,who are boys more likely to learn about sex from? 

A) religious figures and siblings 
B) their peers and the media 
C) their mothers and peers 
D) their fathers and the media

Question 40

Dr.Edwards is interviewing Canadian teens about their decisions about sexual behaviour.Who are most of the teens interviewed likely to say has had the biggest impact on their decisions about sex? 

A) their mother 
B) their friends 
C) their father 
D) their teachers

Question 41

Casual parental attitudes towards nudity and seeing parents naked are correlated with lower levels of self-esteem in children.

Question 42

What countries are known as world leaders in sexuality education,providing the best examples of the value of high-quality sex education? 

A) Brazil and Germany 
B) United States and France 
C) Sweden and the Netherlands 
D) Japan and England

Question 43

Ultrasound technology has revealed that sexual anatomy (i.e.,erections in males)becomes functional before birth.

Question 44

Riley has been asking questions such as "why do some girls have larger breasts than others" and "do boys have a period too?" How old is Riley likely to be? 

A) 3 to 5 
B) 6 to 8 
C) 9 to 12 
D) 12 to 14

Question 45

GLB teens with supportive parents have better health outcomes.

Question 46

According to the most recent sexuality studies,oral sex among teens has increased.

Question 47

What is NOT included in a typical sexuality education program for seven- and eight-year-olds in the Netherlands? 

A) menstruation 
B) intercourse 
C) contraception 
D) pornography

Question 48

On average,boys begin ejaculation before most girls experience their first period.

Question 49

Luke has been asking his parents questions such as "where was I before I was born" and "how does my mommy get a baby?" How old do you think Luke is? 

A) 2 to 3 
B) 3 to 4 
C) 6 to 8 
D) 9 to 11

Question 50

Parents should be more concerned if their children show no interest in their own or other children's bodies than being concerned if they are engaging in sex play.

Question 51

Which country was the first to mandate sexuality education in schools? 

A) Austria 
B) Germany 
C) Sweden 
D) the Netherlands

Question 52

During adolescence,the risks for depression and suicide are about equal for heterosexual and homosexual youth.

Question 53

The National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior found that today's adolescents are increasingly engaging in more risky sexual behaviours.

Question 54

Which statement describes typical abstinence-only sexuality education programs? 

A) They typically promote abstinence as the only choice that will fully protect against pregnancy and STIs while providing information about contraception as a backup plan. 
B) They promote abstinence and do not commonly present information about anatomy or STIs. 
C) Abstinence-only programs promote abstinence until the individual is old enough to be emotionally, socially and cognitively ready to have sex. 
D) Abstinence-only programs are primarily found in Europe.

Question 55

Girls' growth spurts typically happen earlier than boys'.

Question 56

If given the choice,where would most Canadian adolescents choose to receive sexual health information? 

A) from their parents 
B) from their schools 
C) from their friends 
D) from the media

Question 57

What characteristics do countries that have lower rates of teen pregnancy,abortion,and childbearing have in common? 

A) They have more liberal attitudes toward sexuality. 
B) They have more conservative attitudes toward sexuality. 
C) They have a separation of school and home related to issues of sexuality education. 
D) They have more religious and traditional sanctions around sexual behaviours.

Question 58

Experts encourage parents to be tolerant of their children's questions and behaviours related to sexuality (i.e.,genital touching).

Question 59

What types of sexuality education programs were found to delay sexual behaviour and reduce the frequency of sexual behaviours and unprotected sex? 

A) abstinence-only with information included about STIs 
B) abstinence-only programs that do not prematurely introduce advanced topics such as contraception and STIs 
C) comprehensive education that includes abstinence and contraceptive information 
D) no educational programs have been found to influence sexual behaviours

Question 60

Laura asks questions such as "how far should you go on a date" and "why do people think it is wrong to have sex before marriage?" How old is Laura likely to be? 

A) 6 to 8 
B) 9 to 12 
C) 12 to 14 
D) 15 to 17

Question 61

Identify the three social factors discussed in the text that influence teens' sexuality.For each give an explanation of how it influences teens and a specific research finding for that influence.

Question 62

Discuss the common patterns of sexual contact among teens.For example,do girls or boys engage in u such as kissing and petting earlier? What has been found related to oral sex? Are there gender differences? Ethnic differences? What about anal sex?

Question 63

Sexuality education programs in Sweden typically include information about masturbation,contraception,pregnancy and childbirth starting at age seven.

Question 64

Cross-cultural studies show that the majority of teens worldwide are receiving adequate sexuality education.

Question 65

Summarize the four goals of comprehensive sexuality education programs.

Question 66

Comprehensive sexuality education programs typically begin in kindergarten and continue through Grade 12.

Question 67

Assume you are hired to develop a questionnaire-based study of adolescents' sexual behaviours.What are some topics you would want to include and why? What are some problems you are likely to encounter in doing your research?

Question 68

Teen pregnancy rates across Europe are about the same as in the Canada.

Question 69

List and discuss the four reasons given in the text related to parents' anxiety about talking with their children about sexuality.

Question 70

Identify and discuss the types of sexual behaviours that are common in middle childhood through the preteen years.Be sure to include references to the text.

Question 71

Discuss the research findings on the effects of sexuality education.Be sure to include references to specific findings.Based on these findings,what information do you feel should be included in a quality sexuality education program?

Question 72

What does research show about genital touching during infancy and early childhood (ages 2 to 5)? Be sure to include information about frequency,motivation,etc.

Question 73

Identify one example of a question children might ask at each of the following stages: (1)ages 3 to5,(2)ages 6 to 8,(3)ages 9 to 12,(4)ages 12 to 14,and (5)ages15 to 17.Based on information from the text,how would parents be encouraged to respond to each question? You may use a paragraph or chart format.

Question 74

Ethnic differences do not account for much variance in sexual attitudes,sexual behaviours,or frequency of behaviours among teens.

Question 75

Discuss the standard measures that are used to determine success of a sexuality program.What are the limitations of these measures? Name at least two other measures suggested by the authors of the text related to the effects of sexuality education programs.Why are they hard to measure?