Deck 9: Stress-Related Disorders and Health Psychology

Question 1

Neurogenic stressors stem from psychological factors (e.g., anticipation of an unpleasant event).

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Having friends around can reduce stress.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Psychophysiological disorders are listed on Axis III of DSM-5.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The term stress originated from Physics.

Question 5

The perseverative cognition hypothesis states that rumination prolongs the stress response and can contribute to health problems.

Question 6

The Social Readjustment Rating Scale asks participants about daily experiences.

Question 7

University students generally enjoy much better health than the rest of the population.

Question 8

Activation of the HPA axis is associated with reactions to stress.

Question 9

Vital exhaustion is an extreme form of job spillover.

Question 10

In Selye's conceptualization of stress, stress is a response.

Question 11

The human body reacts to emotional stress differently than physical threats.

Question 12

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in Canada.

Question 13

Instrumental support is a type of structural social support.

Question 14

The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for our "fight or flight" response.

Question 15

According to Lazarus, events are events; how we appraise them determines whether they are stressful or not.

Question 16

Women who use humour to cope with their breast cancer diagnosis are in denial.

Question 17

Job spillover is the notion that stress from work spills over into one's home life.

Question 18

According to the general adaptation syndrome, failure to adapt to stress can result in the death of the organism.

Question 19

The social gradient of health refers to the notion that people with better social lives are in better health.

Question 20

The current terminology for disorders like asthma and hypertension is psychosomatic disorders.

Question 21

Abuse can trigger symptoms of PTSD.

Question 22

Males are at higher risk of developing PTSD.

Question 23

According to your textbook, __________ is the leading cause of death in Canada.

A)an accident
B)cancer
C)cardiovascular disease
D)suicide

Question 24

Disorders that are physical in nature but worsened by psychological factors are

A)conversion disorders.
B)psychophysiological disorders.
C)somatoform disorders.
D)pain disorders.

Question 25

Roy Romanow (2003)in his report Improving the Health of Canadians listed several elements relating to the importance of social context in people's health. Which one of the following was stated in Romanow's report?

A)Don't be poor: rich people live longer on average and are healthier
B)Get a good start in life and chose the community you live in
C)Graduate from high school and get a job
D)All of the above

Question 26

Canadians tend to be aware of their cardiovascular health.

Question 27

The most effective treatment for PTSD is EMDR.

Question 28

Europeans are more likely to have hypertension than North Americans.

Question 29

Angina pectoris is another term for heart attack.

Question 30

Which field specifically studies the role of psychological factors in health?

A)Behavioural medicine
B)Psychiatry
C)Clinical social work
D)Pediatrics

Question 31

The social gradient of health has been shown in Canadian studies, meaning that _________ has been linked with poorer health.

A)low social support
B)low SES
C)low self-esteem
D)all of the above

Question 32

Another term for psychophysiological disorders is

A)somatoform disorders.
B)somatization disorders.
C)psychosomatic disorders.
D)psychomimetic disorders.

Question 33

Antidepressants can help treat PTSD by treating comorbid disorders as well.

Question 34

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)is listed as an anxiety disorder in DSM-5.

Question 35

Acute stress disorder is diagnosed when a person has symptoms following exposure to a trauma within the last 30 days.

Question 36

Hypertension is called essential hypertension when the root cause is known.

Question 37

Type A personality is a good predictor of coronary heart disease.

Question 38

Type D personality is a good predictor or coronary heart disease.

Question 39

In DSM-IV, post-traumatic stress disorder was listed as a(n):

A)Anxiety disorder
B)Mood disorder
C)Trauma and stressor related disorder
D)Impulse control disorder

Question 40

In DSM-5, post-traumatic stress disorder is listed as a(n):

A)Anxiety disorder
B)Mood disorder
C)Trauma and stressor related disorder
D)Impulse control disorder

Question 41

What percentage of death is caused by cardiovascular disease in Canada?

A)20%
B)45%
C)60%
D)75%

Question 42

"I am stressed when I don't feel able to manage things." This definition of stress is most similar to the definition used by:

A)Selye
B)Lazarus
C)Carver
D)Scheier

Question 43

Kate and Emily have both been admitted to their first choice university. The university is about three hours from home, which Kate thinks is great because it's close enough if she needs something, but far enough to be able to establish independence. Emily isn't as sure that it's great, for the same reasons. Who will find attending university more stressful?

A)Kate
B)Emily
C)They will both find it equally stressful
D)Neither will find it stressful

Question 44

Distraction can be an effective way of dealing with the emotional upset of an upcoming surgery, but it would be a poor way to handle the upset of discovering a lump in one's breast. This concept describes the:

A)Allostatic load
B)General adaptation syndrome
C)Goodness of fit hypothesis
D)Palliative coping

Question 45

Jan typically copes with stressful situations by relaxing or distracting herself from the problem. According to Lazarus, this type of coping is referred to as

A)emotion-focused coping.
B)problem-focused coping.
C)avoidance coping.
D)cognitive-behavioural coping.

Question 46

An example of a neurogenic stressor is:

A)Death of a loved one
B)Anticipation of surgery
C)Bodily injury
D)Failing an exam

Question 47

Neurogenic stressors stem from:

A)Psychological factors
B)A physical stimulus
C)Genetic factors
D)All of the above

Question 48

Which of the following type of stressor is most likely to create allostatic load?

A)Persistent and unpredictable
B)Intense and prolonged
C)Variable
D)Chronic and intermittent

Question 49

The most effective type of coping has been found to be

A)inward-focused coping.
B)problem-focused coping.
C)emotion-focused coping.
D)None of the above is always most effective; it depends on the situation.

Question 50

According to the work on stress by Anisman and Merali (1999), the anticipation of an adverse effect would be considered:

A)A psychogenic stressor
B)A neurogenic stressor
C)A hypogenic stressor
D)A cognogenic stressor

Question 51

The goodness of fit hypothesis refers to the match between:

A)A patient's goals and his or her family's goals
B)The person's characteristics and ability to assimilate when in a foreign country
C)The degree of similarity in the personalities of husbands and wives
D)The match between a person's coping response and the demands of the situation

Question 52

Interventions by health psychologists for cardiovascular disease tend to involve:

A)Lifestyle changes
B)Tertiary care
C)Hospital treatment
D)Assessments using fMRI

Question 53

Mary discusses her job stress with her partner after work. She specifically discusses how the stress from her job makes her feel. This is referred to as

A)inward-focused coping.
B)outward-focused coping.
C)problem-focused coping.
D)emotion-focused coping.

Question 54

Emotional upset or deterioration of performance are considered stress _________.

A)responses
B)stimuli
C)correlates
D)causes

Question 55

According to the goodness of fit hypothesis, the most adaptive form of coping in uncontrollable situations is:

A)Problem-focused coping
B)Escape
C)Emotional expression
D)Task-oriented coping

Question 56

"Relaxation exercises are the only way I can cope with the stress of graduate school." This person would be using ___________ coping.

A)inward-focused
B)outward-focused
C)problem-focused
D)emotion-focused

Question 57

Michael becomes very overwhelmed as exam time approaches. In order to cope with this, he creates a very detailed study schedule that ensures adequate time for each subject. According to Lazarus, this type of coping is referred to as

A)emotion-focused coping.
B)problem-focused coping.
C)obsessional coping.
D)cognitive-behavioural coping.

Question 58

"Allostatic load" refers to:

A)The body's response to chronic, intermittent, and unpredictable stressors.
B)The body's response to intense and prolonged demands.
C)The pathological result of chronic, prolonged stress.
D)The pathological result of chronic, intermittent stress.

Question 59

Brent copes with the diagnosis of asthma by reading everything he can find about the illness. This is an example of

A)inward-focused coping.
B)outward-focused coping.
C)problem-focused coping.
D)emotion-focused coping.

Question 60

In an Ottawa-area study, Sweet and colleagues (1999)recently found that the stress experienced during breast cancer screening is closely tied to

A)how the stressful situation is appraised and perceived.
B)how well the coping response matches with the stressor.
C)whether the individual engages in palliative coping or not.
D)whether the individual seeks social support.

Question 61

According to Hans Selye, stress is:

A)A specific response of the body to any demand for change.
B)A nonspecific response of the body to any demand for change.
C)A biological response of the body to any demand for change.
D)A psychological response to specific situations that primarily require change.

Question 62

In the first phase of Selye's GAS model, the ______ is activated by stress.

A)ANS
B)CNS
C)RAS
D)HPA axis

Question 63

Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome involves all of the following phases EXCEPT:

A)Exhaustion
B)Alarm reaction
C)Stress coping
D)Resistance

Question 64

The ANS is responsible for stimulating:

A)Endocrine glands
B)Self-awareness
C)Frontal cerebral cortex activity
D)Hand movements

Question 65

During the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome, the organism

A)becomes activated and tries to resist the development of ulcers and immune deficiency problems.
B)resists responding altogether and waits until the stress passes.
C)adapts to the stress by engaging its coping mechanisms.
D)avoids stressful situations.

Question 66

The three phased model: "alarm reaction", "resistance", and "exhaustion" best describes which biological response to sustained physical stress?

A)Specified adaptation syndrome
B)General adaptation syndrome
C)Specified coping syndrome
D)General coping syndrome

Question 67

Which of the following correctly represents the phase sequence of Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome?

A)Resistance; exhaustion; alarm reaction
B)Alarm reaction; stress coping; resistance
C)Stress coping; resistance; alarm reaction
D)Alarm reaction; resistance; exhaustion

Question 68

When a new semester of school begins, most students would be in this phase of the general adaptation syndrome.

A)Alarm
B)Resistance
C)Exhaustion
D)Compensation

Question 69

Hans Selye, formally of McGill University in Montreal, is world-renowned for his work on:

A)Cardiovascular disease
B)Coping
C)Stress
D)Resilience

Question 70

The voluntary part of the human nervous system is the:

A)Somatic nervous system
B)Sympathetic nervous system
C)Parasympathetic nervous system
D)Autonomic nervous system

Question 71

The term "eustress" refers to

A)a lack of stress.
B)a positive, pleasant type of stress.
C)a decrease in the level of physiological stress.
D)an emotional stressor

Question 72

During the third phase of Seyle's GAS, the organism:

A)Releases endorphins to counteract the stressor
B)Ceases cortisol production
C)Uses coping mechanisms to adapt to the stress
D)Suffers irreversible damage or dies

Question 73

Which part of the nervous system is not involved in the autonomic nervous system?

A)The somatic nervous system
B)The parasympathetic nervous system
C)The sympathetic nervous system
D)The part that responds automatically

Question 74

The general adaptation syndrome is a model to describe the

A)effects of relaxation training on psychophysiological disorders.
B)effects of psychological coping on the body's response to stress.
C)biological reaction to chronic physical stress.
D)effects of autonomic lability on anxiety.

Question 75

Which Canadian citizen created the term "stress"?

A)Bandura
B)Endler
C)Linden
D)Selye

Question 76

McGill University's Hans Selye believed that his term stress was misleading and should have been called __________ instead.

A)stressor
B)strain
C)eustress
D)tension

Question 77

Canadian researcher Hans Selye made which of the following important contributions to the field of health psychology?

A)The distinction between distress and eustress
B)The distinction between stressors that are psychogenic or neurogenic
C)The distinction between the effects of controllable and uncontrollable stressors
D)The "goodness of fit" hypothesis

Question 78

Guyenet's (2006)review of evidence shows a link between:

A)Immune system activation and heart disease
B)Sympathetic nervous system activation and hypertension
C)Parasympathetic nervous system activation and irritable bowel disease
D)Somatic nervous system activation and cardiac disease

Question 79

The general adaptation syndrome is divided into three stages as follows:

A)Alarm- resistance- exhaustion.
B)Stress- coping- recovery vs. disease.
C)Autonomic reactivity- relaxation- adaptation.
D)Stressor- arousal- anxiety.

Question 80

According to the first phase of Selye's GAS, if stress is too powerful, the following may happen:

A)Symptoms of an anxiety disorder begin to develop
B)Symptoms of somatization disorder begin to develop
C)The central nervous system becomes over-stimulated
D)Adrenal glands become enlarged