Deck 7: Skeletal System

Question 1

Which one of the following is true?

A)Osteoblasts are large, multinucleated cells that break down calcified bone matrix.
B)Osteoblasts deposit bone matrix around themselves and become osteocytes when they are isolated in lacunae.
C)Osteoclasts secrete bone matrix and become osteoblasts.
D)Osteoclasts deposit bone matrix around themselves and become osteocytes when they are isolated in lacunae.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In a child, a vitamin D deficiency results in ________, whereas a vitamin A deficiency results in ________.

A)pituitary dwarfism; rickets
B)rickets; retardation of bone development
C)excess calcium absorption; osteomalacia
D)soft bones; rickets

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is not a step in endochondral bone formation?

A)Hyaline cartilage develops into the shape of the future bone.
B)Periosteum forms from connective tissue outside the developing bone.
C)Hyaline cartilage changes to adipose tissue.
D)Osteoblasts deposit osseous tissue in place of disintegrating cartilage.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Pituitary dwarfism results from a decreased secretion of ________ , which as a result decreases the rate of cell division of ________.

A)thyroid hormones; osteocytes in the periosteum
B)growth hormone; fat cells in the medullary cavity
C)thyroid hormones; osteoclasts in the compact bone
D)growth hormone; cartilage cells in the epiphyseal plate

Question 5

During endochondral bone formation, the secondary ossification center never begins to form. What will the developing bone look like?

A)The bone will remain in its cartilaginous model form.
B)The bone will remain cartilaginous in the middle (the diaphysis)until adulthood, when the cartilage will ossify.
C)No epiphyseal plate will exist between the two formed ossification centers.
D)The ends (epiphyses)of the bone will remain cartilaginous during development until adulthood, when the cartilage will ossify.

Question 6

The zygomatic bone is an example of a(n)

A)long bone.
B)flat bone.
C)short bone.
D)irregular bone.

Question 7

Osteoclasts are 

A)cells that secrete bone matrix.
B)mature bone cells that maintain the matrix.
C)immature bone cells that give rise to osteocytes.
D)cells that break down bone matrix.

Question 8

Articular cartilage is

A)fibrocartilage.
B)found only in the knees and elbows.
C)elastic cartilage.
D)hyaline cartilage.

Question 9

Compact bone has ________, whereas spongy bone has ________.

A)spaces that reduce the weight of bone; tightly packed matrix that is solid
B)osteons; trabeculae
C)trabeculae; osteons
D)osteocytes; no osteocytes

Question 10

Osteoblasts are ________, whereas osteocytes are ________.

A)bone-forming cells; bone-dissolving cells
B)mature bone cells; bone-forming cells
C)bone-forming cells; mature bone cells
D)bone-dissolving cells; mature bone cells

Question 11

The calcaneus bone of the foot is an example of a(n)

A)long bone.
B)flat bone.
C)short bone.
D)irregular bone.

Question 12

Which of the following is(are)an example of an intramembranous bone?

A)Broad, flat skull bones
B)Phalanges of the fingers
C)Humerus
D)Femur

Question 13

Which of the following bone shape is stated with an incorrect example? 

A)Long bone - forearm bones
B)Short bone - wrist and ankle bones
C)Flat bone - thigh bone
D)Irregular bone - vertebrae

Question 14

A bone thickens

A)as a result of cell division in the medullary cavity.
B)due to increased production of bone matrix by osteoclasts.
C)as a result of increased activity within the epiphyseal plate.
D)as compact bone is deposited beneath the periosteum of the diaphysis.

Question 15

The presence of an epiphyseal plate indicates that

A)the bone is lengthening.
B)the bone is no longer lengthening.
C)the bone is increasing in diameter.
D)the bone has completed ossification.

Question 16

At what age are nearly all bones completely ossified?

A)Birth
B)5 years
C)15 years
D)25 years

Question 17

Which of the following is not associated with spongy bone?

A)Trabeculae
B)Osteons
C)Canaliculi
D)Osteocytes

Question 18

Articular cartilage of a long bone is found

A)on the outer surface of the epiphyses.
B)inside the medullary cavity.
C)on the outer surface of the diaphysis.
D)in the spaces of the spongy bone.

Question 19

A bone lengthens

A)as a result of cell division in the medullary cavity.
B)due to increased production of bone matrix by osteoclasts.
C)as a result of increased activity within the epiphyseal plate.
D)as compact bone is deposited beneath the periosteum of the diaphysis.

Question 20

A six-month-old baby is admitted to the hospital with a broken bone. This is the third fracture in the otherwise healthy child. The parents are arrested on charges of child abuse. The defense lawyer gets the charges dropped after the results of genetic tests indicate which of the following conditions?

A)Polydactyly
B)Osteoporosis
C)Osteogenesis imperfecta
D)Anemia

Question 21

The secondary curves of the vertebral column are the

A)cervical and lumbar curvatures.
B)cervical and thoracic curvatures.
C)thoracic and sacral curvatures.
D)lumbar and sacral curvatures.

Question 22

The thyroid hormone thyroxine ________.

A)increases cartilage production in the epiphyseal plate
B)stimulates osteoclasts
C)stimulates replacement of cartilage with bone in the epiphyseal plate
D)removes calcium from bone

Question 23

The primary curves of the vertebral column are the

A)cervical and lumbar curvatures.
B)cervical and thoracic curvatures.
C)thoracic and sacral curvatures.
D)lumbar and sacral curvatures.

Question 24

Bones

A)are not living tissue.
B)are multifunctional.
C)do not contribute to homeostasis.
D)have a matrix composed mostly of organic salts.

Question 25

It is possible to determine if a child's long bone is growing by examining a radiograph of the bone and looking for a(n)

A)diaphysis.
B)medullary cavity.
C)epiphyseal plate.
D)articular cartilage.

Question 26

The zygomatic arch is composed of processes of

A)the zygomatic and temporal bones.
B)the zygomatic and maxillary bones.
C)the maxillary and temporal bones.
D)the temporal and parietal bones.

Question 27

Which of the following bones is not part of the orbit of the skull?

A)Ethmoid
B)Sphenoid
C)Vomer
D)Frontal

Question 28

The hard palate is composed of the

A)sphenoid and ethmoid bones.
B)nasal conchae and vomer bones.
C)zygomatic and lacrimal bones.
D)maxillary and palatine bones.

Question 29

Which of the following is the most abundant form in which calcium is found in the inorganic matrix of the bone?

A)Calcium oxalate
B)Hydroxyapatite
C)Calcium pyrophosphate
D)Calcium carbonate

Question 30

Endochondral ossification ________, whereas intramembranous ossification ________.

A)replaces hyaline cartilage; replaces undifferentiated connective tissue
B)forms bone in broad, flat areas of the skull; occurs in the limbs
C)inhibits osteoblast activity; activates osteoclast activity
D)activates osteoclasts; inhibits osteoblast activity

Question 31

Red bone marrow functions in the formation of

A)red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
B)red blood cells only.
C)white blood cells only.
D)red and white blood cells only.

Question 32

Bacteria infecting the mucous membranes in the air cells of the mastoid process most likely spread from the

A)middle ear.
B)meninges.
C)frontal sinus.
D)maxillary sinus.

Question 33

Which of the following does not describe the function(s)of the skeletal system?

A)It interacts with muscles, providing movement.
B)It stores inorganic salts.
C)It protects organs, especially in the head and thorax.
D)It generates the movements of the limbs.

Question 34

The pituitary gland is located in the

A)sella turcica.
B)cribriform plate.
C)sphenoidal sinus.
D)mandibular fossa.

Question 35

If during the process of intramembranous ossification, the ossification center was removed, the result would be

A)no bone grows.
B)a hollow space develops in between the two layers of compact bone, as no spongy bone is produced.
C)surrounding mesenchymal cells will not condense into periosteum because the ossification center is where these cells arise.
D)blood vessels will be encouraged to invade the area.

Question 36

Which is true of sex hormones?

A)They inhibit osteoblast activity.
B)They have no effect on bone.
C)They stimulate ossification of the epiphyseal plates.
D)Their action on bone growth is stronger in males than in females.

Question 37

The axial skeleton includes

A)the upper and lower limbs and pelvic and pectoral girdles.
B)the skull, hyoid bone, thoracic cage, and vertebral column.
C)the radius, ulna, carpals, and phalanges.
D)the femur, tibia, and fibula.

Question 38

Which of the following is not a function of bones?

A)Contraction
B)Attachment for muscles
C)Blood cell production
D)Storage of inorganic salts

Question 39

A cleft palate results from incomplete development of the

A)ethmoid bone
B)maxillae.
C)mandible.
D)vomer bone.

Question 40

Exercise ________ and ________ bones.

A)thickens; elongates
B)elongates; weakens
C)thickens; strengthens
D)thins; atrophies

Question 41

Which three bones fuse to form the hip bone?

A)The ilium, the femur, and the pubis
B)The ilium, the sacrum, and the pubis
C)The ischium, the coccyx, and the pubis
D)The ilium, the ischium, and the pubis

Question 42

The capitulum and trochlea are located

A)at the proximal end of the humerus.
B)at the distal end of the humerus.
C)at the distal end of the ulna.
D)in the hand.

Question 43

Having extra digits is termed

A)polydactyly.
B)polyuria.
C)polyploidy.
D)polydipsia.

Question 44

If the acetabulum was malformed, which joint would be affected?

A)The humeroulnar joint
B)The tibiofemoral joint
C)The iliofemoral joint
D)The sternoclavicular joint

Question 45

A compound fracture

A)incompletely breaks the bone in more than one place.
B)is a longitudinal break in the bone,
C)exposes the broken bone to the outside.
D)completely breaks the bone in more than one place.

Question 46

Which of the following are not components of the pelvic girdle?

A)Hip bones
B)Coxal bones
C)Femur
D)Sacrum

Question 47

A landscaper accidentally had their leg crushed by a tree. Their femur was impacted with such force that a section of the bone completely shattered into fragments. What type of break is this?

A)A comminuted fracture
B)A fissured fracture
C)An oblique fracture
D)A greenstick fracture

Question 48

The three borders of the scapula are called

A)the frontal, pivotal, and dorsal borders.
B)the superior, lateral, and medial borders.
C)the acromion process, coracoid process, and glenoid cavity.
D)the supraspinous, infraspinous, and subscapular borders.

Question 49

Which of the following describes a female's pelvis compared to a male's pelvis?

A)A cavity that is wider in all dimensions, with lighter bones.
B)A cavity that is narrower in all dimensions, with lighter bones.
C)A cavity that is wider in all dimensions, with heavier bones.
D)A cavity that is narrower in all dimensions, with heavier bones.

Question 50

The talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, and lateral, intermediate, and cuneiform bones are all part of the

A)foot.
B)hand.
C)pelvis.
D)skull.

Question 51

The femur

A)is the longest bone in the body.
B)is part of the pelvic girdle.
C)directly articulates with the fibula.
D)possesses a medial malleolus.

Question 52

Phalanges are

A)skull bones.
B)forearm bones.
C)finger and toe bones.
D)wrist and ankle bones.

Question 53

Which of the following describes the female pelvis compared to that of the male?

A)The angle of the female pubic arch is smaller.
B)The distance between the female ischial spines is greater.
C)The obturator foramen is more oval in a female.
D)The female iliac bones are less flared.

Question 54

If the atlas and axis were replaced with typical cervical vertebrae, ________ would be affected.

A)the ability to move the arms
B)protection of the spinal cord
C)the ability to pivot the head from side to side
D)stability of the cervical intervertebral disks

Question 55

Height begins to decrease on average after age

A)25.
B)30.
C)50.
D)65.

Question 56

If the trochlea was removed, what joint would be affected?

A)The humeroulnar joint
B)The humeroradial joint
C)The tibiofemoral joint
D)The iliofemoral joint

Question 57

The atlas is one of the

A)lumbar vertebrae.
B)thoracic vertebrae.
C)cervical vertebrae.
D)sacral vertebrae.

Question 58

Ribs that join the sternum directly by costal cartilages are called

A)true ribs.
B)false ribs.
C)floating ribs.
D)vertebrochondral ribs.

Question 59

The clavicles

A)provide attachments for muscles of the back, chest, and upper limbs.
B)are the strongest bones in the body.
C)provide attachments for muscles of the pelvic girdle and lower limbs.
D)are part of the axial skeleton.

Question 60

The acetabulum is

A)a depression in the hip bone that receives the head of the femur.
B)a protuberance in the hip bone that attaches to the head of the femur.
C)the prominence of the hip.
D)the anterior portion of the hip bone.

Question 61

If the supply of blood cells is deficient, yellow marrow may change into red marrow.

Question 62

Bones are classified as irregular, flat, short, or long.

Question 63

Testosterone has a stronger effect on epiphyseal plates than estrogens.

Question 64

A bone shaft is the diaphysis; the expanded parts at the ends are the epiphyses.

Question 65

If a certain individual's phagocytes were non-functioning, what would occur during fracture repair?

A)A hematoma would not be able to form inside the break.
B)The hematoma clot and other damaged tissue would not be cleared from the area during healing.
C)Fibrocartilage could not be produced within the gap between the sections of broken bone.
D)Excess bone tissue would not be removed toward the end of the healing process.

Question 66

Curvatures of the spine produce all of the following except

A)lordosis.
B)scoliosis.
C)increased height.
D)kyphosis.

Question 67

The thyroid gland secretes growth hormone.

Question 68

One of your friend's femurs is abnormally short and curved. When asked about it, they tell you that when they were very young, they fell from a tree and fractured the femur at the distal end. Their pediatrician urged the parents to allow your friend to receive surgery for the fracture, but they refused. What most likely happened to result in the abnormal femur?

A)Lack of physical therapy caused the muscles of the leg to not heal correctly, inhibiting bone growth.
B)Because the epiphyseal plate was not repaired, any subsequent growth in the bone was stunted and abnormal.
C)The hematoma stage of the fracture never filled in with fibrocartilage, which caused the bone to never heal properly.
D)Because he was young, the femur healed so rapidly that it grew incorrectly and no medical intervention prevented this from occurring.

Question 69

If the sacrum were to develop without its primary curve, it would be concave.

Question 70

Eighty-year-old Evelyn takes a bisphosphonate drug once a month to keep her bones strong. She most likely has

A)polydactyly.
B)osteogenesis imperfecta.
C)osteoporosis.
D)a hematoma.

Question 71

In the humerus, the deltoid tuberosity is located on the diaphysis; the trochlea, capitulum, and the greater/lesser tubercles are parts of the epiphyses.

Question 72

Perforating canals form transverse channels in bone tissue.

Question 73

Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells, whereas osteoblasts are bone-forming cells.

Question 74

Which of the following correctly lists the steps of fracture repair in sequence?

A)A hematoma forms, granulation tissue and fibrocartilage develop, osteoclasts and phagocytes clear away debris, bony callus forms.
B)A hematoma forms, osteoblasts arrive and produce new bone tissue, osteoclasts and phagocytes clear away debris, granulation tissue forms.
C)Phagocytes clear away debris, osteoblasts remove damaged bone tissue, and a hematoma forms.
D)A hematoma forms followed by formation of a bony callus that fibrocartilage replaces.

Question 75

Anemia could prompt the conversion of yellow marrow into red marrow.

Question 76

Bones in the human body are nonliving.

Question 77

Bisphosphonates are drugs that slow the progress of

A)rickets.
B)heart disease.
C)osteoporosis.
D)menopause.

Question 78

The small intestine requires vitamin D to adequately absorb calcium.

Question 79

Cells that remove excess bone tissue after fracture repair are

A)fibroblasts and osteoblasts.
B)chondrocytes and osteocytes.
C)osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
D)osteoclasts and phagocytes.

Question 80

Bone remodeling occurs as osteoblasts resorb bone tissue and osteoclasts replace the bone.