Deck 8: Joints of the Skeletal System

Question 1

A synchondrosis

A)allows bone growth.
B)equalizes pressure between vertebrae.
C)includes a joint capsule.
D)allows free movement.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A patient has a condition in which collagen fibers are incorrectly manufactured and are non-functional. Which types of joints will be most heavily affected?

A)Synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic, and diarthrotic joints
B)Syndesmosis, suture, and gomphosis joints
C)Synchondrosis, symphysis, and synovial joints
D)Pivot, condylar, and ellipsoidal joints

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A tooth root attached to a jawbone by a periodontal ligament is a ________.

A)synchondrosis
B)syndesmosis
C)gomphosis
D)synovial joint

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Bones of a synovial joint are held together by

A)a synovial membrane.
B)a joint capsule.
C)a meniscus.
D)articular cartilage.

Question 5

A gomphosis is a ________ joint.

A)fibrous
B)cartilaginous
C)synovial
D)synchondrosis

Question 6

Cartilaginous joints are connected by

A)synovial fluid.
B)fibrous connective tissue.
C)hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
D)a joint capsule.

Question 7

Classifying joints as synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic, or diarthrotic represents

A)location in the body.
B)the composition of the joint.
C)the number of bones that the joint affects.
D)the degree of movement possible at the joint.

Question 8

Which of the following is not a type of fibrous joint?

A)Syndesmosis
B)Coronal suture
C)Gomphosis
D)Symphysis

Question 9

Suppose the pubic symphysis did not exist in the pelvic girdle and the two pubic bones were fused in the middle. Which of the following best describes the way the region would be affected if this joint was removed?

A)The femurs would have a limited range of motion without the high-mobility symphysis joint.
B)The femurs would grind inside the acetabulum and cause pain because of a lack of cartilage.
C)The pelvic girdle would be highly unstable because the pubic symphysis adds stability and rigidity.
D)Childbirth would have a high mortality risk because the pelvic girdle would be rigid and unmoving.

Question 10

The intermediate radioulnar joint exists between the radius and the ulna. The two bones are joined together by a high-collagen sheet of dense connective tissue. This joint allows slight movements and flexibility between the two bones. What specific type of joint is this?

A)A synovial plane joint
B)A fibrous syndesmotic joint
C)A cartilaginous synchondrosis joint
D)A cartilaginous symphysis joint

Question 11

A synovial membrane

A)is very thick with many layers of cells.
B)secretes serous fluid.
C)secretes mucus.
D)secretes synovial fluid.

Question 12

The joint between adjacent vertebral bodies is a

A)symphysis that is amphiarthrotic.
B)symphysis that is synarthrotic.
C)symphysis that is diarthrotic.
D)synovial that is synarthrotic.

Question 13

Suppose all synarthrotic joints were fused in an individual. Which of the following would be true of this individual?

A)The person would not be able to flex their fingers and grasp objects.
B)Braces would not work to straighten the person's teeth because their teeth would not move.
C)The person would not be able to bend forward because their vertebral column would be fused.
D)Head-turning would be impossible because the atlas and axis would be fused.

Question 14

Types of fibrous joints include

A)synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic, and diarthrotic joints.
B)syndesmosis, suture, and gomphosis joints.
C)synchondrosis, symphysis, and synovial joints.
D)pivot, condylar, and ellipsoidal joints.

Question 15

A fibrous joint in which an interosseous ligament binds bones is a

A)synchonrosis.
B)syndesmosis.
C)gomphosis.
D)symphysis.

Question 16

If the synovial membrane could not secrete synovial fluid,

A)the onset of arthritis would be slowed because synovial fluid generates friction within the joint capsule.  
B)blood would not directly flow into the joint capsule to nourish cartilage.
C)the cartilage contained within the capsule would not receive nutrients from synovial membrane blood vessels.
D)new cartilage would not be generated because synovial fluid is a stimulant for cartilage production.

Question 17

A suture is an example of a

A)fibrous joint.
B)cartilaginous joint.
C)synovial joint.
D)plane joint.

Question 18

In craniosynostosis, the bones of the skull fuse together at the sutures prematurely, causing the brain to grow abnormally. Why would this cause abnormal brain growth?

A)The sutures are amphiarthrotic and slightly move during brain growth, so the plates of the skull can easily move to suit any direction of brain growth. Fusion at the sutures will prevent this free movement.
B)Because the sutures contain ligaments, blows to the skull can be absorbed by plate movement. Removal of the sutures will cause any slight blow to damage the brain.
C)The sutures are synarthrotic and do not move, only allowing expansion from within as the brain grows to fill the brain case. Fusion at the sutures will prevent this expansion.
D)Sutures are large gaps between bones that are filled with synovial fluid. This synovial fluid allows for the brain to expand into the spaces. Ossification of the sutures would prevent the expansion of the brain.

Question 19

Joints are also called

A)annotations.
B)articulations.
C)affectations.
D)affiliations.

Question 20

Greg trips over a toy and experiences a sharp pain. His physician diagnoses a torn meniscus. Greg has injured his

A)knee joint.
B)elbow joint.
C)shoulder joint.
D)hip joint.

Question 21

Articular cartilage receives oxygen and nutrients from

A)a direct blood supply.
B)blood vessels in underlying spongy bone.
C)surrounding synovial fluid.
D)chondrocytes.

Question 22

Fluid-filled sacs containing synovial fluid are called

A)bursae.
B)menisci.
C)ligaments.
D)tendons.

Question 23

The ball-and-socket joint of the hip is replaced with a pivot joint in which the femur is directly planted into the acetabulum. What movement(s)is/are now the only one(s)possible?

A)Abduction and adduction
B)Rotation
C)Flexion and extension
D)Circumduction

Question 24

A joint capsule is reinforced by

A)tendons binding articular ends of bones together.
B)articular cartilage cushioning ends of bones.
C)ligaments binding articular ends of bones together.
D)hyaline cartilage providing strength to the capsule walls.

Question 25

Displacement of a joint is called

A)bursitis.
B)sprain.
C)dislocation.
D)arthritis.

Question 26

Which of the following is not a synovial joint?

A)Condylar
B)Ball-and-socket
C)Hinge
D)Symphysis

Question 27

A professional wrestler ends a match early due to severe pain and loss of function in their lower arm and hand. Upon examination by a doctor, a major tear is discovered in one of the ligaments of the elbow. Which of the following could be the torn ligament?

A)The coracohumeral ligament
B)The transverse humeral ligament
C)The ulnar collateral ligament
D)The oblique popliteal ligament

Question 28

Which of the following correctly pairs a term with its definition?

A)Extension-bending the leg at the knee to bring the heel closer to the buttocks
B)Abduction-lifting the arm out to the side of the body so that it is parallel to the ground
C)Flexion-bringing the arm from overhead back down to the side of the body
D)Adduction-moving the arm forward so its is in front of the body

Question 29

A football player suffers from a partially torn anterior cruciate ligament. Which joint has been injured?

A)Shoulder
B)Elbow
C)Hip
D)Knee

Question 30

The largest and most complex synovial joint is the

A)hip joint.
B)knee joint.
C)elbow joint.
D)shoulder joint.

Question 31

The rotator cuff of the shoulder is composed mainly of

A)adipose and epithelial tissue.
B)articular cartilage.
C)epithelium and loose connective tissue.
D)muscle tendons.

Question 32

The coracohumeral ligament is associated with the

A)knee joint.
B)hip joint.
C)elbow joint.
D)shoulder joint.

Question 33

The act of closing the fingers to make a fist is an example of what type of joint movement (at the interphalangeal joints)?

A)Extension
B)Abduction
C)Flexion
D)Rotation

Question 34

You turn your head to look at something. What type of joint movement is this?

A)Retraction
B)Abduction
C)Circumduction
D)Rotation

Question 35

Most of the joints between the short bones in the ankle and wrist are

A)hinge joints.
B)pivot joints.
C)plane joints.
D)condylar joints.

Question 36

In which of the following is rotational movement possible?

A)Ball-and-socket joint
B)Condylar joint
C)Hinge joint
D)Pelvic joint

Question 37

The radial collateral ligament is associated with the

A)hip joint.
B)shoulder joint.
C)knee joint.
D)elbow joint.

Question 38

An athlete, after years of pitching, requires surgery to repair his glenohumeral ligaments. Which joint has been injured?

A)Shoulder
B)Elbow
C)Hip
D)Knee

Question 39

Fibrocartilage discs that divide the joint into two compartments are called

A)menisci.
B)bursae.
C)tendons.
D)ligaments.

Question 40

A muscle end attached to a less movable or relatively fixed part is called the

A)symphysis.
B)articulation.
C)origin.
D)insertion.

Question 41

Connie recently celebrated her 45ᵗʰ birthday. She feels okay most of the day, but in the morning, for about a half hour after she gets out of bed, all of her joints feel stiff. This is due to

A)sprains.
B)torn ligaments.
C)changes in collagen structure.
D)nerve damage.

Question 42

The synovial membrane reabsorbs fluid and may help remove substances from an infected joint cavity.

Question 43

A person works an office job that requires them to be in a sitting position for 10 hours a day. They go home and sit until they go to bed. This person never exercises and rarely gets up to move around after being seated. Their joints begin to constantly feel stiff and painful. On a physiological level, what has happened to cause these symptoms?

A)Being stuck in the same position for long periods of time causes the ligaments to physically decay, stiffening the joints.
B)Lack of movement hinders blood from moving through the vessels of the synovial membrane, which starves the ligaments of nutrients and causes them to lose elasticity.
C)Disuse of the joint causes ossification of the fibrocartilage, creating arthritic joints.
D)Lack of movement drives the synovial membranes to stop producing synovial fluid, which then causes friction to generate upon movement of the joints.

Question 44

Activity and exercise

A)make joints more vulnerable to injury.
B)hasten osteoarthritis.
C)keep joints functional longer.
D)increase joint stiffness.

Question 45

Artificial joints are built of

A)glucosamine and chondroitin.
B)silicone polymers for small joints and metals for large joints.
C)silicone polymers for large joints and metals for small joints.
D)proteins for small joints and carbohydrates for large joints.

Question 46

In rheumatoid arthritis

A)the synovial membrane becomes inflamed and thickens, forming a mass.
B)synchondrosis joints are affected exclusively.
C)joints separate and ligaments become extremely loose as they break down.
D)only older adults are affected, as growing joints are not affected.

Question 47

Movement that brings the foot farther from the shin is a

A)plantar flexion.
B)hyperextension.
C)rotation.
D)dorsiflexion.

Question 48

The pubic symphysis is a fibrous joint.

Question 49

A sprain involves

A)inflammation of bursae.
B)overstretched or torn ligaments in a joint.
C)dislocation of bones in joint.
D)overuse of a joint.

Question 50

The TMJ (temporomandibular joint)is composed of the upper condyle of the mandible, which fits into the temporal bone. These two surfaces exist in a capsule and are surrounded by a thin membrane that secretes a lubricating fluid. This means that the TMJ is a fibrous joint.

Question 51

A patient is experiencing joint inflammation and pain. They undergo an arthrocentesis and their physician discovers cloudy, pus-filled synovial fluid. Which of these conditions is most likely occurring?

A)Osteoarthritis
B)A sprain
C)Bacterial joint infection
D)Gout

Question 52

Disuse of the joints ________, which hastens stiffening.

A)causes arthritis
B)causes injuries
C)hampers blood flow
D)degenerates cartilage

Question 53

Movements permitted by the elbow joint between the humerus and the ulna are

A)adduction, flexion, and extension.
B)movement in any plane.
C)flexion and extension.
D)rotation and circumduction.

Question 54

Which of the following best describes the causes of common forms of arthritis?

A)Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis are autoimmune diseases.
B)Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis are caused by effects of aging.
C)Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease and osteoarthritis is caused by effects of aging.
D)Rheumatoid arthritis is caused by effects of aging and osteoarthritis is an autoimmune disease.

Question 55

Which of the following is an infection?

A)Osteoarthritis
B)A sprain
C)Bursitis
D)Lyme disease

Question 56

Ossification typically completes after age 40.

Question 57

A synchondrosis is a cartilaginous joint.

Question 58

The fibrous joints between the flat bones of the skull are sutures.

Question 59

A movement that brings the foot closer to the shin is

A)extension.
B)abduction.
C)plantar flexion.
D)dorsiflexion.

Question 60

The hip joint has less freedom of movement than the shoulder joint because

A)the joint capsule of the hip is surrounded by muscles and the shoulder is not.
B)the articulating parts of the hip are closer together than those of the shoulder.
C)the hip joint capsule is less elastic than the shoulder.
D)the hip has less synovial fluid than the shoulder joint.

Question 61

You drop your cell phone. You lean forward to pick it up, using your abdominal muscles to pull your torso closer to the ground. This movement is extension of the back.

Question 62

Closed, fluid-filled sacs that function as cushions are called bursae.

Question 63

As you climb a tree, you pull your thigh sideways (spreading your legs apart)to rest your foot on a nearby branch. This thigh movement is adduction.

Question 64

Moving a part away from the midline is abduction.

Question 65

A condylar joint allows only up-and-down motion in one plane.

Question 66

The hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint.

Question 67

A ball-and-socket joint is also called an ellipsoidal joint.

Question 68

In a push-up, the elbow joint flexes as the person lowers.

Question 69

The hip joint allows a greater freedom of movement than the shoulder joint.

Question 70

Synovial fluid moistens and lubricates the cartilaginous surfaces in a joint.

Question 71

The patellar ligament connects the medial condyle of the femur to the medial condyle of the tibia.

Question 72

Your friend trips and you lift your hand to help them up. In the process, you rotate your forearm so that your palm faces upward. This forearm movement is supination.

Question 73

The elbow joint includes a hinge joint.

Question 74

Rotation of the forearms so the palms face upward is called pronation.

Question 75

A saddle joint forms between bones whose articulating surfaces have both convex and concave regions.

Question 76

Kicking a soccer ball is flexion of the leg at the knee joint as the foot draws back and then extension as it contacts the ball.

Question 77

The basic structure of the knee joint permits flexion and extension.

Question 78

As you are cooking, you accidentally touch the burner of the stove. You jerk your hand away by contracting muscles in your arm to pull your forearm  toward the arm. This movement is flexion.

Question 79

A meniscus cushions articulating surfaces of bones.

Question 80

The type of synovial joint in which only rotation may occur is a pivot joint.