Deck 12: Nervous System III: Senses

Question 1

Receptors for the general senses are found

A)in a few clusters.
B)only in the integumentary system.
C)widely distributed throughout the body.
D)throughout the visceral organs.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Fibers of the spinothalamic tract transmit pain and temperature information to the

A)hypothalamus.
B)cerebellum.
C)brainstem.
D)thalamus.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Another name for pain receptors is

A)tactile corpuscles.
B)lamellated corpuscles.
C)nociceptors.
D)mechanoreceptors.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Your friend slaps you on the arm. Immediately, you feel a sharp, stinging pain that stops promptly after the slap is over. ________ are responsible for this sensation. For about a minute afterward, you feel a dull, lingering sting. ________ are responsible for this sensation.

A)Lamellated corpuscles; Tactile corpuscles
B)Tactile corpuscles; Lamellated corpuscles
C)C fibers; A-delta fibers
D)A-delta fibers; C fibers

Question 5

The brain interprets input from sensory receptors as

A)reception.
B)sensation.
C)perception.
D)contraception.

Question 6

The sequence of information flow in response to biting into a slice of pizza is

A)perception, sensation, impulse sent to CNS, sensory receptors activated.
B)sensory receptors activated, impulse sent to CNS, sensation, perception.
C)impulse sent to CNS, sensory receptors activated, perception, sensation.
D)impulse sent to CNS, sensory receptors activated, sensation, perception.

Question 7

Receptors for the special senses are found

A)primarily in the head.
B)throughout the integumentary system.
C)in the fingertips.
D)in internal organs.

Question 8

The ability to ignore your socks around your ankles demonstrates

A)general adaptation.
B)receptor integration.
C)interpretive assimilation.
D)sensory adaptation.

Question 9

How do pain receptors differ from other somatic receptors?

A)They are stimulated only when pain comes from skeletal muscle.
B)They adapt very little, if at all.
C)They are not able to project impulses back to their origin.
D)They adapt much more than other receptors.

Question 10

Which of the following are paired correctly?

A)Baroreceptors-stimulated by damage to tissues
B)Nociceptors-stimulated by blood pressure changes
C)Thermoreceptors- stimulated by energy from light
D)Proprioceptors- stimulated by tension changes in muscles and tendons

Question 11

Sensory receptors include

A)baroreceptors.
B)motor neurons.
C)interneurons.
D)Schwann cells.

Question 12

Which example fits? "A sensation is ________ , and projection of a sensation is ________."

A)a Pacinian corpuscle being stimulated to generate an action potential upon stretch stimulation; the transmission of that impulse into the brain
B)nociceptors sending pain signals about tissue damage from a bee sting on your finger; the brain recognizing that the pain is from your finger
C)the sweet taste of ice cream on your tongue; the right side of the brain projecting the sweet taste to the left side, or vice versa
D)a change in membrane permeability of a receptor; transmission of an impulse into a sensory area of the brain

Question 13

Max returns to his dorm room late at night to find his roommate throwing up. The smell is at first so bad that Max wants to vomit too, but after helping his roommate clean up, the odor seems to fade. Max has experienced

A)damage to his sensory receptors.
B)sensory adaptation.
C)a response to the decreasing concentration of odorant molecules in the room.
D)a hallucination.

Question 14

Pain impulses are first processed in the

A)gray matter of the posterior horn.
B)motor cortex of the cerebrum.
C)dorsal root ganglion.
D)cerebral cortex.

Question 15

A pole vaulter keeps track of his position in mid-air through

A)lamellated corpuscles.
B)pain receptors.
C)proprioceptors.
D)baroreceptors.

Question 16

Choose the statement that correctly pairs sensation, perception, and/or projection with the example.

A)Sensation- A cone cell in the eye detects light of 560nm wavelength reflecting from a person's lips. Perception- You notice the person is wearing red lipstick.
B)Sensation- A cone cell in the eye detects light of 560nm wavelength reflecting from a person's lips. Projection- You notice the person is wearing red lipstick.
C)Perception- A cone cell in the eye detects light of 560nm wavelength reflecting from a person's lips. Sensation- You notice the person is wearing red lipstick.
D)Perception- A cone cell in the eye detects light of 560nm wavelength reflecting from a person's lips. Projection- You notice the person is wearing red lipstick.

Question 17

Temperature senses use two types of

A)chemoreceptors.
B)proprioceptors.
C)tactile corpuscles.
D)free nerve endings.

Question 18

Sensory impulses originate at receptors in response to

A)neurotransmitters.
B)decreasing permeability of nerve cell membranes.
C)subthreshold potential.
D)local changes in their cell membrane potentials.

Question 19

Choose the statement that does NOT correctly describe the function of the corresponding sensory receptor.

A)You feel searing pain as nociceptors in your skin respond to cell lysis and death from a spider bite.
B)An ice cube feels very cold as thermoreceptors in your fingers detect its temperature.
C)Your car appears blue as proprioceptors in your eyes detect light of 420nm wavelength reflecting from it.
D)Your heart rate increases as baroreceptors in your aorta detect low blood pressure.

Question 20

Olfactory receptors, which provide the sense of smell, are

A)thermoreceptors.
B)mechanoreceptors.
C)chemoreceptors.
D)proprioceptors.

Question 21

Pain receptors

A)respond to factors that can damage tissue.
B)adapt rapidly.
C)are among the most specialized receptors.
D)are widely distributed in the brain.

Question 22

Anosmia is loss of

A)taste.
B)smell.
C)hearing.
D)vision.

Question 23

You are carrying a box when your friend suddenly places another heavy box on top of it. Your muscles respond by immediately ________ because ________ sense the rapid muscle lengthening and cause a reflex response.

A)contracting; muscle spindles
B)relaxing; muscle spindles
C)completely relaxing; Golgi tendon organs
D)contracting; Golgi tendon organs

Question 24

Light is refracted when it passes

A)between media of the same optical density.
B)into glass at a right angle.
C)between media of different optical densities at a right angle.
D)between media of different optical densities at an oblique angle.

Question 25

Stereoscopic vision results when the

A)images in both eyes are identical.
B)images in the eyes are different.
C)rods of one eye are stimulated and the cones of the other eye are stimulated.
D)brain interprets the images in two dimensions.

Question 26

If you were a physician evaluating a young person who has conductive deafness, which of the following would you consider in your differential diagnosis?

A)A torn tympanic membrane
B)A brain tumor
C)Damage to the auditory nerve
D)Use of the antibiotic drug streptomycin

Question 27

The color receptors in the retina are most sensitive to light waves that are

A)red, green, and blue.
B)red, blue, and yellow.
C)green, yellow, and purple.
D)orange, green, and purple.

Question 28

The hearing receptors are most closely associated with the

A)ampulla.
B)spiral organ.
C)utricle.
D)saccule.

Question 29

The lens of the eye thickens when the

A)suspensory ligaments pull on the lens capsule.
B)ciliary processes relax.
C)ciliary muscles relax.
D)ciliary muscles contract.

Question 30

Arnold enters a darkened movie theater on a sunny summer afternoon. It takes many minutes for his eyes to adapt to the darkness because

A)it takes some time for the retina to rebuild its rhodopsin stores from opsin and retinal.
B)the rods in the eye work only in bright light, and it takes time for the cones to work in weak light.
C)the iris takes time to close after being subjected to bright light.
D)the optic nerve fatigues in bright light, and it takes time to recover.

Question 31

Golgi tendon organs are stimulated more when

A)you are exercising and causing muscles to be metabolically active.
B)you are straining a muscle hard and causing increased tension.
C)you are relaxing a muscle after straining it.
D)you are contracting the muscle and completely maintaining tension.

Question 32

Which of the following is part of the inner tunic of the eye?

A)Retina
B)Cornea
C)Choroid coat
D)Sclera

Question 33

Which of the following is not a primary taste sensation?

A)Sweet
B)Salty
C)Pungent
D)Sour

Question 34

A person is born with a genetic mutation that causes rhodopsin to be improperly produced, rendering it useless. Which structure(s)will specifically be affected?

A)Cones
B)Lens
C)Rods
D)Olfactory receptors

Question 35

Visual sensations from images focused on the side of the retina are blurred because

A)there are no rods in this region.
B)there are more cones than rods in this region.
C)there are more rods than cones in this region.
D)the optic disc is located on the side of the retina.

Question 36

As they extend from the retina to the brain, the nerve fibers

A)from the nasal half of each retina cross over.
B)from the temporal half of each retina cross over.
C)all cross over.
D)do not cross over.

Question 37

Taste receptors are

A)found only on the tongue.
B)unable to divide.
C)modified connective tissue cells.
D)modified epithelial cells.

Question 38

A young man is cleaning his ear by sliding a cotton swab into the external acoustic meatus as far as he can. He is met with some resistance and, thinking the swab has hit earwax, he pushes harder. He feels a sharp, extreme pain. After the initial shock, he notices that all he can hear from that ear is a constant ringing and nothing else. What damage has he most likely done to the ear?

A)He pushed and damaged the stapes.
B)He has broken the skin of the external acoustic meatus and the blood is causing the ringing.
C)He has pushed and torn the tympanic membrane.
D)He has pushed and torn the oval window.

Question 39

The range of human hearing is about

A)2,000-3,000 vibrations per second.
B)2,000-200,000 vibrations per second.
C)20-20,000 vibrations per second.
D)2-2,000 vibrations per second.

Question 40

As a result of the tympanic reflex,

A)the bridge of auditory ossicles becomes less rigid.
B)vibrations are transmitted more effectively to the inner ear.
C)the malleus is pulled toward the eardrum.
D)vibrations are transmitted less effectively to the inner ear.

Question 41

Jenny slurps up a plate of beef lo mein at a Chinese restaurant. "That tastes great, but I can't quite describe it." What type of taste sensation is she experiencing?

A)Paprika
B)Umami
C)Starch
D)Pepper

Question 42

Otosclerosis affects the

A)tympanic membrane.
B)auditory ossicles.
C)cochlea.
D)auditory nerve.

Question 43

Farsightedness after the age of forty-five is most likely caused by

A)loss of lens capsule elasticity.
B)shortening of the eyeball.
C)lengthening of the eyeball.
D)changes in curvature of the cornea.

Question 44

Treatment for a cataract is usually removal of the

A)cornea.
B)sclera.
C)lens.
D)vitreous humor.

Question 45

A cochlear implant treats

A)a torn tympanic membrane.
B)otosclerosis.
C)conductive deafness.
D)sensorineural deafness.

Question 46

A curvature defect of the lens or cornea in which some parts of an image are in focus on the retina and other parts are blurred and vision is distorted is called

A)presbyopia.
B)astigmatism.
C)hyperopia.
D)myopia.

Question 47

The protein miraculin, which is found in taste-altering "miracle berries", causes acidic foods like citrus fruits, soda, and vinegar to taste like candy. Which of the following is the most likely mechanism for the effects of miraculin?

A)Miraculin inactivates sweet receptors, so only sour receptors will detect sweet compounds.
B)Miraculin amplifies umami receptors, enhancing umami flavors.
C)Miraculin alters sweet receptors on the tongue and causes them to perceive carbohydrates as sour.
D)Miraculin alters sour receptors on the tongue and causes them to perceive acids as sweet.

Question 48

Receptors that are stimulated by changes in chemical concentrations are called thermoreceptors.

Question 49

Movement of hair cells in the semicircular canals signals

A)sound waves to the brain.
B)the direction of motion.
C)the frequency of the sound.
D)the velocity of the movement.

Question 50

The taste sensation that amino acids such as glutamic acid cause is

A)sour.
B)salty.
C)bitter.
D)umami.

Question 51

Glaucoma is usually caused by

A)clouding of the lens.
B)clouding of the lens capsule.
C)accumulation of vitreous humor.
D)accumulation of aqueous humor.

Question 52

A child is affected by strabismus-type "lazy eye", a condition where the muscles of one eye fail to correctly position it and causes a lack of coordination between both eyes. The child's particular strabismus causes one eye to constantly look directly upward. Which extrinsic eye muscle has been weakened in this case?

A)Superior rectus
B)Inferior rectus
C)Lateral rectus
D)Inferior oblique

Question 53

A young person loves going to music concerts and frequently stands as close to the stage as they can. They never wear earplugs or any protective earwear. After years of concerts, they become hard-of-hearing and can no longer hear quiet sounds or low talking. What has happened to the concert-goer?

A)Their tympanic membrane has hardened from loud sounds.
B)Their hair cells are permanently damaged and desensitized to loud sounds.
C)The sound vibrations have caused a tumor to develop in their brain, which puts pressure on the vestibulocochlear nerve.
D)They must have used the antibiotic drug streptomycin at the same time as the loud music, which weakened their ear structures and caused them to rupture.

Question 54

General senses result from stimulation of receptors in the head only.

Question 55

A person who is colorblind lacks

A)retinas.
B)one type of photopigment.
C)corneas.
D)a gene that encodes the proteins in rod cells.

Question 56

If a person's right visual cortex is damaged, the injury will most likely affect vision from the

A)right eye only.
B)left eye only.
C)nasal side of one eye and the temporal side of the other eye.
D)nasal side of both eyes.

Question 57

While working in a lab without protective glasses, a researcher accidentally sprays themselves in the eyes with a nerve agent that blocks contraction in smooth muscles. Choose the statement that correctly reflects how the eyes will be affected.

A)The only effect is that the ciliary body won't be able to adjust the lens.
B)The only effect is that the iris won't be reactive to light.
C)Neither the ciliary body nor the iris will be able to adjust or react.
D)Neither the ciliary body nor the iris will be able to adjust or react. The extrinsic eye muscles won't be able to move the eye, either.

Question 58

Lorelei thinks of the days of the week and months of the year as particular colors. She has

A)synesthesia.
B)neuropathy.
C)a deficiency of neurons in her visual cortex.
D)too few synapses in her hypothalamus.

Question 59

Sensory receptors are specialized cells or multicellular structures that collect information from the environment and stimulate neurons to send impulses along sensory fibers to the brain.

Question 60

You try eggplants for the first time and notice a very bitter taste. Which of the following are you most likely tasting in the eggplant?

A)Alkaloids
B)Acids
C)Inorganic salts
D)Carbohydrates

Question 61

Referred pain occurs when the brain projects the sensation back to the original source in the body from which the pain originated.

Question 62

Floaters are bowel movements that float due to a fatty diet.

Question 63

Impulses from the spiral organ travel on the vestibulocochlear nerve.

Question 64

The auditory ossicles are in the inner ear.

Question 65

Optic nerve fibers cross over in the thalamus.

Question 66

Stretching of tissues can cause pain sensations to arise from visceral organs.

Question 67

The conjunctiva is a layer of tissue that lines the inner surface of the eyelids and covers most of the anterior surface of the eye.

Question 68

A person who associates sounds with tastes has synesthesia.

Question 69

When all three sets of cones are stimulated, a person senses white light.

Question 70

When the radial muscles of the iris contract, the diameter of the pupil decreases.

Question 71

Rods are more sensitive to light than cones, but cones are important for color vision.

Question 72

The optic disc is medial to the fovea centralis and is the site from which nerve fibers from the retina leave the eye and become part of the optic nerve.

Question 73

Colorblindness is inherited.

Question 74

Tears contain an enzyme that reduces the risk of eye infection.

Question 75

Sound vibrations are conducted from the malleus to the stapes to the incus.

Question 76

Impulses from taste receptors can travel in the facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves.

Question 77

Light breaks down rhodopsin.

Question 78

The taste of food is the same, whether a person has a respiratory infection or not.

Question 79

The stapes transmits vibrations to the round window of the inner ear.

Question 80

The utricle and saccule contain the sensory receptors associated with the sense of dynamic equilibrium.