Deck 15: Cardiovascular System

Question 1

When the ventricular walls contract,

A)the mitral valve opens and the tricuspid valve closes.
B)the tricuspid valve opens and the mitral valve closes.
C)the mitral and tricuspid valves close.
D)the mitral and tricuspid valves open.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following layers of the heart and their functions are correctly matched?

A)Epicardium-protective inner lining of the heart chambers and valves
B)Myocardium-cardiac muscle tissue that pumps blood out of the heart chambers
C)Endocardium-protective outer covering
D)Pericardium-protective inner lining of the heart chambers and valves

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The pain of angina pectoris comes from a blockage in an artery that supplies the

A)left arm and shoulder.
B)neck and jaw.
C)heart.
D)sternum.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Blood flow to the right side of the heart muscle decreases due to constriction of the ________, and decreased blood flow to the heart tissue can result in ________.

A)left coronary artery; mitral valve prolapse
B)right pulmonary artery; endocarditis
C)right coronary artery; ischemia
D)left coronary vein; myocardial infarction

Question 5

The skeleton of the heart consists of

A)bone within the myocardium.
B)bone within the interatrial septum.
C)fibrous connective tissue in the endocardium.
D)fibrous connective tissue encircling the atrioventricular orifices.

Question 6

Name the layers of the heart from the inside out.

A)Myocardium, endocardium, epicardium, fibrous pericardium, pericardial cavity, parietal pericardium
B)Fibrous pericardium, parietal pericardium, pericardial cavity, epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
C)Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium, pericardial cavity, parietal pericardium, fibrous pericardium
D)Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium, pericardial cavity, parietal pericardium, fibrous pericardium

Question 7

The loose-fitting sac around the heart is the

A)fibrous pericardium.
B)visceral pericardium.
C)epicardium.
D)endocardium.

Question 8

Atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone that

A)is released from the adrenal cortex and stimulates atrial hormones.
B)inhibits the release of renin and aldosterone.
C)raises blood pressure.
D)is stimulated to release when blood volume decreases.

Question 9

Which of the following waves of an ECG pattern is/are correctly described?

A)P wave-depolarization of atria
B)QRS complex-repolarization of ventricles
C)T wave-depolarization of ventricles
D)QRST complex-depolarization of ventricles

Question 10

Which of the following is true about the heart?

A)The apex end points downward at about the 5th intercostal space.
B)The heart is located lateral to the lungs.
C)The average adult heart is about 8 cm long and 5 cm wide.
D)The base of the heart lies beneath the fourth rib.

Question 11

The pulmonary circuit

A)sends oxygen-poor blood to the heart.
B)sends oxygen-poor blood to the tissues.
C)sends oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.
D)brings oxygen-rich blood from the tissues.

Question 12

The systemic circuit

A)sends oxygen-poor blood to the heart.
B)brings oxygen-rich blood from the tissues.
C)brings oxygen-poor blood from the lungs.
D)sends oxygen-rich blood to the tissues.

Question 13

The correct sequence of parts that carry cardiac impulses is

A)AV node, SA node, Purkinje fibers, AV bundle.
B)AV node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers, SA node.
C)SA node, Purkinje fibers, AV node, AV bundle.
D)SA node, AV node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers.

Question 14

Circulation is vital because it

A)supplies oxygen and nutrients to and removes wastes from tissues.
B)inflates the lungs.
C)delivers carbon dioxide to tissues and removes excess oxygen.
D)delivers wastes to tissues.

Question 15

Which of the following correctly matches the valve to its function?

A)Tricuspid valve-permits one-way blood flow from the right to the left atrium
B)Pulmonary valve-permits one-way blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta
C)Mitral valve-permits one-way blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle
D)Aortic valve-permits one-way blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct sequence of parts through which blood moves from the vena cava to the lungs?

A)Right atrium, pulmonary valve, right ventricle, tricuspid valve
B)Right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve
C)Right ventricle, tricuspid valve, right atrium, pulmonary valve
D)Right ventricle, pulmonary valve, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle

Question 17

The right atrium receives blood directly from

A)the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava only.
B)the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus.
C)the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and pulmonary veins.
D)the pulmonary veins.

Question 18

The heart pumps about ________ liters of blood a day and contracts about ________ times in a lifetime.

A)1,000; 1 billion
B)1,200; 2 billion
C)3,000; 2 billion
D)7,000; 2.5 billion

Question 19

In mitral valve prolapse, the mitral valve

A)is missing as a result of abnormal development.
B)has an extra cusp.
C)bulges into the left atrium during ventricular relaxation.
D)bulges into the left atrium during ventricular contraction.

Question 20

The inner lining of the heart is the

A)epicardium.
B)myocardium.
C)endocardium.
D)pericardium.

Question 21

In an ECG pattern, the P wave is caused by

A)repolarization of atrial muscle fibers.
B)repolarization of ventricular muscle fibers.
C)depolarization of atrial muscle fibers.
D)depolarization of ventricular muscle fibers.

Question 22

Once cells in the SA node reach threshold,

A)an action potential is triggered.
B)a heart attack occurs.
C)nothing happens until the AV node is innervated.
D)the heart stops beating.

Question 23

Water and dissolved substances leave the arteriole end of a capillary due to ________, and enter the venule end of a capillary due to ________.

A)hydrostatic pressure being higher than osmotic pressure; active transport being greater than osmotic pressure
B)osmotic pressure being higher than hydrostatic pressure; hydrostatic pressure being higher than osmotic pressure
C)hydrostatic pressure being higher than osmotic pressure; osmotic pressure being higher than hydrostatic pressure
D)osmosis; active transport

Question 24

Which type of blood vessel holds the greatest volume of blood?

A)Artery
B)Arteriole
C)Capillary
D)Vein

Question 25

A patient is in the emergency room for a severe anxiety attack. Their doctor administers a dose of potassium to control their elevated heart rate. Why would potassium potentially be a treatment for the cardiovascular effects of an anxiety attack?

A)Excess potassium ion concentration directly signals the sympathetic nervous system to cease signaling to increase heart rate
B)Excess potassium ion concentration causes decreased rate and increased force of contraction.
C)Excess potassium ion concentration causes decreased rate and decreased force of contraction.
D)Excess potassium ion concentration signals the parasympathetic nervous system directly to lower heart rate

Question 26

In an ECG pattern, the T wave is caused by

A)repolarization of atrial muscle fibers.
B)repolarization of ventricular muscle fibers.
C)depolarization of atrial muscle fibers.
D)depolarization of ventricular muscle fibers.

Question 27

A pump is attached to the superior mesenteric artery and blue ink is pumped in. Which structures of the body will show the blue ink?

A)The neck and the facial muscles
B)The intercostal muscles and chest area
C)The arms and the hands
D)The small intestine and portions of the large intestine

Question 28

The normal pacemaker of the heart is the

A)Purkinje fibers.
B)AV bundle.
C)sinoatrial node.
D)atrioventricular node.

Question 29

An abnormally slow heart rate is termed

A)tachycardia.
B)bradycardia.
C)fibrillation.
D)cardioversion.

Question 30

Impulses that the vagus nerve carries to the heart

A)are parasympathetic and increase heart rate.
B)are parasympathetic and decrease heart rate.
C)are sympathetic and increase heart rate.
D)are sympathetic and decrease heart rate.

Question 31

The aortic baroreceptor senses stretching of the aorta. How will the nervous system respond?

A)Sympathetic signals will be sent to increase heart rate.
B)Parasympathetic signals will be sent to decrease heart rate.
C)Parasympathetic signals will be sent to increase heart rate.
D)Sympathetic signals will be sent to decrease heart rate.

Question 32

Listening with a stethoscope just to the right near the lower end of the sternum, sounds come most distinctly from the

A)aortic valve.
B)tricuspid valve.
C)pulmonary valve.
D)mitral valve.

Question 33

Cells of the conducting system in the heart are more sensitive to which ion?

A)Sodium
B)Iron
C)Potassium
D)Chloride

Question 34

Which of the following is most life threatening?

A)Atrial flutter
B)Ventricular flutter
C)Atrial fibrillation
D)Ventricular fibrillation

Question 35

Which of the following might serve as a secondary pacemaker for the heart?

A)AV node
B)Purkinje fibers
C)Both AV node and Purkinje fibers
D)Neither AV node nor Purkinje fibers

Question 36

Some studies theorize that yawning is a reflex triggered by increased blood pH as carbonic acid is produced to expel CO₂ by exhaling. Which structures would be stimulated to induce yawning if this theory is true?

A)Arterial baroreceptors
B)Baroreceptors in the aortic arch
C)Free nerve endings in the blood vessels
D)Aortic bodies and carotid bodies

Question 37

A person warming up after being cold feels a warm rush as blood flows quickly to the peripheral appendages. Nitric oxide is important in this situation because it

A)raises blood pressure.
B)raises blood temperature.
C)relaxes the smooth muscle in the blood vessel wall.
D)enhances gas exchange.

Question 38

In an ECG pattern, the PQ interval indicates how long it takes for the cardiac impulse to travel from the

A)SA node to the atrial muscle fibers.
B)SA node to the Purkinje fibers.
C)AV node to the atrial muscle fibers.
D)SA node through the AV node.

Question 39

Which of the following gases does endothelium release?

A)Nitric oxide
B)Oxygen
C)Nitrogen
D)Methane

Question 40

Because net inward pressure in the venular ends of capillaries is less than net outward pressure in the arteriolar ends of capillaries,

A)more fluid flows into the capillaries than moves out.
B)the lymphatic vessels push fluid into the capillaries.
C)the pressure in the venules increases.
D)more fluid leaves the capillaries than returns.

Question 41

The structures that contain chemoreceptors that detect blood levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide are the

A)aortic bodies.
B)aortic sinuses.
C)aortic branches.
D)capillary buds.

Question 42

When venous pressure is too low, ________ stimulate smooth muscles in the walls of veins to contract.

A)parasympathetic reflexes
B)sympathetic reflexes
C)somatic reflexes
D)carbon dioxide levels

Question 43

The pulmonary trunk divides into the right and left pulmonary arteries about ________ centimeters above its origin.

A)5
B)8
C)10
D)12

Question 44

In "wet" macular degeneration, capillaries form below the weakened retina and leak blood and fatty materials, leading to vision loss. One treatment for this condition is injection of a VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)inhibitor directly into the affected eye areas. How would this treat the condition?

A)VEGF signals for blood vessel breakdown. Blocking VEGF will prevent the capillaries from becoming weak and leaking.
B)VEGF stimulates the endothelium of arteries to secrete nitric oxide, which relaxes smooth muscle surrounding the capillary. Blocking VEGF prevents the capillaries from relaxing and allowing blood to leak out.
C)VEGF inhibits capillary growth. Blocking release of VEGF will allow new, stronger capillaries to form in the eye and stop leaks.
D)VEGF stimulates growth of capillaries. Blocking VEGF will stop weak, leaky capillaries from growing in the eye.

Question 45

The blood pressure in the large systemic arteries is greatest during

A)atrial systole.
B)ventricular systole.
C)ventricular diastole.
D)atrial diastole.

Question 46

The mechanism that ensures that the volume of blood discharged from the heart is equal to the volume entering its chambers is described by ________ law of the heart.

A)Boyle's
B)Frank-Starling's
C)Dalton's
D)Newton's

Question 47

Which of the following helps return blood to the heart?

A)Positive intrathoracic pressure
B)Valves in the arteries
C)Contracting skeletal muscles
D)Capillary action

Question 48

Angiotensin II increases blood pressure by

A)increasing peripheral resistance.
B)releasing renin.
C)inhibiting the release of aldosterone.
D)promoting the excretion of sodium.

Question 49

Arterial systolic pressure is most closely associated with

A)atrial contraction.
B)ventricular contraction.
C)atrial relaxation.
D)ventricular relaxation.

Question 50

Pulse pressure is calculated by

A)adding systolic and diastolic pressures.
B)multiplying systolic and diastolic pressures.
C)subtracting systolic pressure from diastolic pressure.
D)subtracting diastolic pressure from systolic pressure.

Question 51

Which artery is incorrectly matched to its location?

A)Inferior mesenteric artery; colon and rectum
B)Thyrocervical arteries; thymus
C)Celiac arteries; liver, spleen, and upper gastrointestinal tract
D)Popliteal; behind the knee

Question 52

The celiac artery provides blood to the

A)kidneys.
B)large intestine.
C)liver and spleen.
D)adrenal glands.

Question 53

A pump is attached to the common carotid artery and red ink is pumped in. Which structures of the body will show the red ink?

A)The neck and the head
B)The intercostal muscles and chest area
C)The arms and the hands
D)The large intestine and portions of the small intestine

Question 54

Which of the following is not a branch of the aorta?

A)Right coronary artery
B)Pulmonary artery
C)Brachiocephalic artery
D)Left subclavian artery

Question 55

The external carotid arteries branch to supply structures in the

A)shoulders.
B)upper chest.
C)eyeballs.
D)neck and face.

Question 56

Plasma proteins in capillaries help to

A)maintain the osmotic pressure of the blood.
B)decrease the osmotic pressure of the blood.
C)maintain the hydrostatic pressure of the blood.
D)decrease the hydrostatic pressure of the blood.

Question 57

Kidney disease can cause hypertension by

A)activating the renin-angiotensin mechanism.
B)stimulating the secretion of ANP.
C)increasing release (excretion)of sodium and water.
D)directly signaling the brain stem to increase blood pressure.

Question 58

Sympathetic stimulation increases

A)end-diastolic volume.
B)stroke volume.
C)end-systolic volume.
D)blood vessel volume.

Question 59

When smooth muscles in the walls of the arteries are stimulated to contract,

A)peripheral resistance decreases.
B)viscosity increases.
C)blood pressure decreases.
D)blood pressure increases.

Question 60

In a gross anatomy and physiology lab, an instructor wants to highlight blood flow to the intestinal tract. Into which artery do they need to pump colored ink to demonstrate blood flow to this area?

A)Phrenic arteries
B)Superior mesenteric artery
C)Lumbar artery
D)Middle sacral artery

Question 61

Which of the following is due to an aging cardiovascular system?

A)The tunica interna thickens.
B)The direction of blood flow in some capillaries reverses.
C)Arteries become less rigid.
D)Veins lose collagen.

Question 62

Small areas of the myocardium contracting chaotically is called

A)flutter.
B)fibrillation.
C)bradycardia.
D)tachycardia.

Question 63

The longest vein in the body is the

A)superior vena cava.
B)great saphenous vein.
C)internal iliac vein.
D)hepatic portal vein.

Question 64

Bruce has colorectal cancer that has spread to his lymphatic system. He is given a drug that is an angiogenesis inhibitor. The drug works by

A)stimulating new blood vessels to serve tissue damaged by the cancer.
B)starving tumors by cutting off their blood supplies.
C)halting cell division only in tumor cells.
D)cutting off the supply of ATP to cancer cells.

Question 65

A left ventricular assist device

A)is routinely used in people who have had heart attacks.
B)can substitute for the atria.
C)can maintain cardiac function until a donor heart becomes available.
D)is an implantable replacement heart.

Question 66

Doctors suggest that during long periods of sitting, you should flex and extend your feet at the ankles periodically and squeeze your calf muscles to assist with blood circulation. Why would non-exercise muscle contraction affect blood flow and cardiovascular health?

A)Contraction of muscles itself increases heart rate and burns calories, keeping the heart strong and assisting in maintaining healthy weight.
B)Contraction of muscles stimulates the arteries to vasodilate, reducing blood pressure.
C)Contraction of the leg muscles stimulates baroreceptors to signal the autonomic nervous system and decrease blood pressure and heart rate from multiple fronts.
D)Contraction of the leg muscles squeezes leg veins, which functions as a pumping mechanism to return deoxygenated blood to the heart.

Question 67

Which of the following is NOT a factor that increases risk of developing atherosclerosis?

A)A diet high in unsaturated fats
B)Tobacco smoking
C)Lack of physical exercise
D)Low blood pressure

Question 68

Marjorie suffers from phlebitis. She has

A)inflammation of her veins.
B)too much phlegm in her throat.
C)extra capillaries in her legs.
D)inflammation of her arteries.

Question 69

Which of the following is not a normal response to physical exercise?

A)Increased heart rate
B)Increased ventricular contraction
C)Increased blood flow to the skeletal muscles
D)Increased blood flow to the abdominal viscera

Question 70

Tim runs 5 to 8 miles a day. He has an enlarged heart and low heart rate and blood pressure. He most likely has

A)coronary artery disease.
B)an arrhythmia.
C)a very healthy cardiovascular system.
D)atherosclerosis.

Question 71

Heart rate in a fetus is about ________, in a newborn about ________, and in an adult about ________.

A)145; 140; 70
B)70; 140; 145
C)100; 100; 100
D)200; 160; 120

Question 72

The radial and ulnar veins merge to form the ________ vein.

A)jugular
B)axillary
C)brachial
D)cephalic

Question 73

Sudden cardiac arrest can result from

A)an aortic aneurysm.
B)scar tissue from a previous heart attack.
C)intake of alcohol.
D)use of cholesterol-lowering prescriptions.

Question 74

The coronary sinus drains blood from the wall of the heart into the left atrium.

Question 75

A nurse wants to measure a patient's blood pressure. She will have to use a(n)

A)stethoscope.
B)sphygmomanometer.
C)EKG.
D)hemocytometer.

Question 76

Blood from the face and scalp is drained by the

A)external jugular vein.
B)subclavian vein.
C)superior vena cava.
D)cephalic vein.

Question 77

The apical heartbeat is heard by listening between the fifth and sixth ribs about 7.5 cm left of the midline.

Question 78

When a person's pulse is taken by palpation near the thumb on the wrist, which artery is felt?

A)Brachial artery
B)Ulnar artery
C)Radial artery
D)Palmar arch arteries

Question 79

In the arterial disease atherosclerosis,

A)holes slowly appear on the interior walls of arteries.
B)blood leaks from vessels.
C)risk of a thrombus or embolus forming increases.
D)misshapen red blood cells become lodged in capillaries.

Question 80

The smaller branches of the coronary arteries have some anastomoses between vessels.