Deck 17: Digestive System

Question 1

Peristalsis occurs in the digestive tract

A)from the pharynx to the anus.
B)in the stomach and small intestine only.
C)in the small and large intestines only.
D)in the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The mechanical breakup of food particles in the mouth is called

A)mastication.
B)salivation.
C)peristalsis.
D)absorption.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The functions of saliva include

A)moistening, binding and building up food particles; beginning chemical digestion of carbohydrates; and cleansing the esophagus.
B)moistening, binding and dissolving food particles; beginning chemical digestion of proteins; and cleansing the esophagus.
C)moistening, binding and building up food particles; beginning mechanical digestion of fats; and cleansing the teeth and mouth.
D)moistening, binding and dissolving food particles; beginning chemical digestion of carbohydrates; and cleansing the teeth and mouth.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which is not an involuntary part of the swallowing reflex?

A)Muscles pull the pharynx upward toward the food.
B)The epiglottis closes off the top of the trachea.
C)The tongue presses against the uvula and soft palate.
D)The tongue rolls chewed food into a bolus and pushes it to the oropharynx.

Question 5

A child hanging upside down from a tree takes a bite from a candy bar. They manage to chew the candy and swallow it successfully. What prevents the bolus from entering the upper part of the nasopharynx?

A)Muscles immediately pull the pharynx upward toward the bolus in the swallowing reflex and suck it from the back of the tongue.
B)The posterior part of the tongue and the anterior section of the pharynx also undergo peristalsis, so the food is immediately pushed downward.
C)During the swallowing reflex, the tongue presses against the soft palate and forces the nasal region of the nasopharynx shut.
D)The most anterior section of the nasopharynx is only connected to the oropharynx by small ducts, so the bolus cannot enter it.

Question 6

Ankyloglossia is a condition in which the tongue is almost completely anchored to the floor of the mouth along its midline. This causes the sufferer to have extreme difficulty talking and manipulating food during the process of mastication. The abnormal overgrowth of what structure would cause this condition?

A)The vestibule
B)The epiglottis
C)The palatine tonsil
D)The lingual frenulum

Question 7

The teeth that are best adapted for biting off chunks of food are the

A)incisors.
B)canines.
C)bicuspids.
D)molars.

Question 8

The parotid glands are

A)the largest salivary glands.
B)the smallest salivary glands.
C)under the tongue.
D)in the lower jaw.

Question 9

A child hanging upside down from a tree takes a bite from a candy bar. They manage to chew the candy and swallow it successfully. How does the bolus move along the esophagus?

A)Inhalation from the larynx sucks the bolus through the esophagus.
B)The esophagus undergoes peristalsis and the muscular movements force the bolus to the stomach, even against the force of gravity.
C)Because gravity is the main way the bolus travels to the stomach, the epiglottis pushes the bolus into the esophagus and forces it to remain there until the child returns to an upright position.
D)Because gravity is the main way the bolus travels to the stomach, the pharyngeal constrictor muscles push the bolus into the esophagus and force it to remain there until the child returns to an upright position.

Question 10

The digestive system

A)ingests food, propels food, mechanically and chemically breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and defecates the remainder.
B)mechanically and chemically assembles food from absorbed nutrients.
C)sends cellular debris to lysosomes.
D)absorbs nutrients in the mouth, pharynx, esophagus and stomach, and releases nutrients in the intestines.

Question 11

Activities of the digestive system generally increase when it is stimulated by

A)sympathetic impulses.
B)parasympathetic impulses.
C)sensory impulses.
D)somatic impulses.

Question 12

The root canal of a tooth contains

A)dentin.
B)cementum.
C)gingiva.
D)blood vessels and nerves.

Question 13

The epiglottis is attached to the

A)esophagus.
B)trachea.
C)pharynx.
D)larynx.

Question 14

If you take a piece of white bread and chew it slowly for a long period of time, the flavor will become very sweet. This is due to the starch molecules in the bread being digested into smaller sugars that trigger a sweet sensation. Which substance is responsible for this breakdown?

A)Salivary amylase
B)Mucus
C)Bicarbonate ions
D)Pepsin

Question 15

Because of their location, swollen palatine tonsils may interfere with

A)breathing only.
B)swallowing only.
C)both breathing and swallowing.
D)neither breathing nor swallowing.

Question 16

The uvula is

A)a type of tooth.
B)a projection from the soft palate.
C)a flap of tissue that keeps food from entering the trachea.
D)part of the tongue.

Question 17

The ________ is the layer of the alimentary canal that absorbs nutrients.

A)mucosa
B)submucosa
C)muscular layer
D)serosa

Question 18

The alimentary canal extends, in its entirety, from

A)the mouth to the large intestine.
B)the stomach to the small intestine.
C)the liver to the gallbladder.
D)the mouth to the anus.

Question 19

The correct sequence for the layers in the walls of the alimentary canal from innermost to outermost is the

A)mucosa, muscular layer, serosa, submucosa.
B)mucosa, submucosa, muscular layer, serosa.
C)serosa, muscular layer, mucosa, submucosa.
D)submucosa, mucosa, serosa, muscular layer.

Question 20

Edith suffers from severe heartburn. She goes to her physician and is diagnosed with a hiatal hernia. This condition affects her

A)abdominal wall.
B)small intestine.
C)diaphragm.
D)stomach wall.

Question 21

Taking NSAID pain relievers like aspirin or ibuprofen for several weeks disrupts prostaglandin hormone signalling to cells in the stomach. This causes an interruption in production of the protective inner coating of the stomach, which leads to ulcers and further acid erosion. Which gastric cells are being affected by prolonged use of NSAID pain relievers?

A)Parietal cells
B)Chief cells
C)Microvilli
D)Mucous cells

Question 22

The main part of the stomach is called the

A)fundus.
B)pylorus.
C)cardia.
D)body.

Question 23

Elliot thought that his peptic ulcers were caused by his nagging parents, and was surprised when the doctor handed him a prescription for medication to treat

A)a bacterial infection.
B)a viral infection.
C)a too high pH.
D)excess bile.

Question 24

The hormone secretin

A)converts trypsinogen to trypsin.
B)activates chymotrypsin.
C)stimulates release of pancreatic juice.
D)inhibits the action of pancreatic lipase.

Question 25

If prosecretin, the inactive form of the hormone secretin, is produced improperly and cannot be converted to the active form as a result, how will this affect the intestine and the pancreas during digestion?

A)Alkaline pancreatic juice will not be released from the pancreas as chyme is emptied into the duodenum. Peptic ulcers may result.
B)Enzyme-rich pancreatic juice will not be released from the pancreas as chyme is emptied into the duodenum. Proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids will not be digested.
C)Cholecystokinin will not be released from the intestinal wall, so the acid of the chyme will not be neutralized. The duodenum will form peptic ulcers due to acid erosion.
D)Acute pancreatitis will occur, as secretin will form within the pancreas and cause pancreatic juices to begin to digest pancreatic tissues.

Question 26

Which of the following is true about bile?

A)Cholecystokinin stimulates its production.
B)Secretin stimulates release of bile into the duodenum.
C)It contains concentrated enzymes that digest carbohydrates.
D)Bile is produced by the liver.

Question 27

A genetic mutation prevents the parietal cells of the gastric glands from secreting their typical products. What effect would this have on digestion within the stomach?

A)The stomach would not produce a protective mucus coating and would digest itself.
B)Somatostatin would be secreted, so all digestion would be halted.
C)Pepsinogen would not be secreted, so protein digestion would not occur within the stomach.
D)Hydrochloric acid would not be produced, so pepsinogen would not be activated to form pepsin.

Question 28

________ is a protein-digesting enzyme in pancreatic juice.

A)Trypsin
B)Pancrease
C)Amylase
D)Nuclease

Question 29

Emily, a newborn, was miserable and vomiting frequently. An X-ray revealed hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. The problem in Emily's digestive system, before surgery helped her, was 

A)an overgrowth of the stomach wall that narrows the opening between the esophagus and stomach.
B)overgrowth of muscle that blocked the passageway from the stomach to the small intestine.
C)a genetic defect resulting in the absence of the pyloris.
D)an abnormally large peptic ulcer near the opening of the esophagus into the stomach.

Question 30

Stomach cells secrete gastrin which functions to

A)inhibit the production of hydrochloric acid.
B)increase the secretion by the gastric glands.
C)change pepsin into pepsinogen.
D)stimulate contraction the stomach.

Question 31

Matthew takes a drug that inhibits the production of HCl in the stomach to ease the symptoms of a gastric ulcer. If he takes it for a long time, digestion of which nutrient would be affected the most?

A)Carbohydrates
B)Lipids
C)Proteins
D)Minerals

Question 32

Secretion of cholecystokinin from the intestinal wall is stimulated by

A)protein in the stomach.
B)protein in the small intestine.
C)fat in the stomach.
D)protein and fat in the small intestine.

Question 33

Acute pancreatitis is often caused by the conversion of

A)trypsin to trypsinogen.
B)trypsinogen to trypsin.
C)pepsin to pepsinogen.
D)pepsinogen to pepsin.

Question 34

Which is not a function of the liver?

A)Maintaining blood glucose concentration
B)Formation of urea
C)Secretion of bile
D)Secretion of insulin

Question 35

The parietal cells of gastric glands secrete

A)mucus.
B)pepsinogen.
C)hydrochloric acid.
D)pepsin.

Question 36

The liver

A)forms glucose from noncarbohydrates.
B)stores vitamin C.
C)produces red blood cells.
D)secretes chymotrypsin.

Question 37

Pancreatic digestive secretions are regulated by

A)bile salts.
B)cholesterol.
C)cholecystokinin.
D)the amount of food eaten.

Question 38

Heartburn is usually caused by the effects of gastric juice on the

A)heart.
B)esophagus.
C)stomach.
D)small intestine.

Question 39

Which constituent of bile has a digestive function?

A)Bile salts
B)Bile pigments
C)Cholesterol
D)Electrolytes

Question 40

All of the enzymes that digest protein are

A)secreted by the pancreas.
B)activated by HCl.
C)secreted in an inactive form.
D)stimulated by enterokinase.

Question 41

During the defecation reflex, the

A)diaphragm is lowered.
B)glottis is opened.
C)abdominal wall muscles relax.
D)internal abdominal pressure is decreased.

Question 42

The greater omentum is composed of

A)the peritoneal membrane.
B)the pericardial membrane.
C)the pleural membrane.
D)the hiatal membrane.

Question 43

Feces are about ________ percent water.

A)25
B)33
C)50
D)75

Question 44

VLDL molecules are produced in which organ?

A)Pancreas
B)Liver
C)Kidneys
D)Stomach

Question 45

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the digestion and absorption of lipids? 1. Formation of chylomicrons
2) Emulsification by bile
3) Diffusion through the epithelial cell membrane
4) Hydrolysis by pancreatic lipase
5) Movement into lacteal ducts

A)4, 3, 2, 1, 5
B)2, 4, 3, 1, 5
C)2, 1, 4, 3, 5
D)3, 2, 4, 5, 1

Question 46

The ________ is the part of the digestive tract that has the most lymph nodules and bacteria.

A)duodenum
B)jejunum
C)ileum
D)colon

Question 47

The major mixing movement in the small intestine is accomplished by

A)peristalsis.
B)churning.
C)segmentation.
D)ring contractions.

Question 48

Gallstones are usually composed of

A)calcium salts.
B)uric acid.
C)cholesterol.
D)bile pigments.

Question 49

One of the functions of the large intestine is to

A)secrete digestive enzymes.
B)absorb ingested water.
C)regulate the release of bile.
D)break down hemoglobin.

Question 50

The common hepatic duct and the cystic duct unite to form the

A)common bile duct.
B)hepatic duct.
C)hepatopancreatic duct.
D)pancreatic duct.

Question 51

Enlarged blood vessels of the anal columns are called

A)peritonitis.
B)hemorrhoids.
C)diarrhea.
D)flatulence.

Question 52

Receptor-mediated endocytosis removes ________ molecules from plasma, delivering cholesterol to the tissues.

A)VLDL
B)LDL
C)HDL
D)triglycerides

Question 53

Gallstones may form if

A)bile is too concentrated.
B)hepatic cells secrete too much HCl.
C)the pH of the gallbladder becomes too alkaline.
D)the liver is lacerated.

Question 54

The epithelial cells that form the inner lining of the small intestine

A)are replaced every few days.
B)are not able to reproduce.
C)are cube-shaped.
D)remain where they are first formed.

Question 55

Changes in the mouth associated with aging include

A)overgrowth of gums.
B)thinning enamel.
C)thinning cementum.
D)shrinking dentin.

Question 56

Bile salts function like detergents in that they ________ fat globules.

A)emulsify
B)coagulate
C)digest
D)liquefy

Question 57

David has sustained severe damage to his liver in a car accident. Digestion of which nutrient will be most affected?

A)Carbohydrates
B)Lipids
C)Proteins
D)Vitamins

Question 58

________ pick up cholesterol from the peripheral tissues and return it to the liver.

A)VLDLs
B)LDLs
C)HDLs
D)Triglycerides

Question 59

Chylomicrons transport dietary fats to ________ through the blood.

A)bones and cartilage
B)neurons and neuroglia
C)the liver and gallbladder
D)muscle and adipose cells

Question 60

Tanisha has abdominal pains. Medical tests reveal that she can digest nutrients, but the nutrients are not taken in by the intestinal blood supply. She likely has

A)malnutrition.
B)malabsorption.
C)constipation.
D)food allergy.

Question 61

The tissues turning yellow (jaundice)is due to the accumulation of

A)cholesterol.
B)bile pigments.
C)carotene.
D)hemoglobin A.

Question 62

The stomach is C-shaped and extends from the duodenum to the spleen.

Question 63

The disorder of the large intestine producing a "cobblestone" effect within the tissues of the colon is

A)colorectal cancer.
B)hemorrhoids.
C)Crohn's disease.
D)ulcerative colitis.

Question 64

The esophagus provides a passageway for substances from the larynx to the bronchi.

Question 65

The pyloric sphincter serves as a valve that controls the movement of food between the esophagus and stomach.

Question 66

The organs of the alimentary canal are innervated by sympathetic as well as by parasympathetic nerve fibers.

Question 67

Fatty foods stay in the stomach longer than protein or carbohydrate foods.

Question 68

An extracorporeal liver assist device was surgically implanted into Sam. This device is very similar to

A)an artificial heart.
B)artificial skin.
C)kidney dialysis.
D)a blood transfusion.

Question 69

Pancreatic acinar cells secrete pancreatic juice.

Question 70

The chamber of the mouth between the tongue and the palate is the vestibule.

Question 71

Lydia is taking an antihistamine for her allergies and develops xerostomia. She has

A)a peptic ulcer.
B)hairloss.
C)bad breath.
D)dry mouth.

Question 72

Which is not a factor that may affect the rate of absorption of certain medications with age?

A)Slowing of the exit of chyme from the stomach
B)Slowing peristalsis
C)Thinning of the stomach lining
D)Loss of power in mastication

Question 73

Hepatitis C is not transmissible

A)by sharing razors.
B)from mother to baby.
C)from uncooked meats.
D)from a blood transfusion.

Question 74

Hepatitis B can be transmitted by means of

A)contact with infected feces.
B)contaminated hypodermic needles.
C)infected food.
D)travel to developing countries.

Question 75

The enterogastric reflex begins in the stomach and ends in the small intestine.

Question 76

The parotid gland differs from the submandibular and sublingual glands in that it secretes a clear fluid that is rich in amylase.

Question 77

A set of primary teeth consists of 20 teeth, whereas a set of secondary teeth consists of 32 teeth.

Question 78

Carrie is being examined by her dentist, who notices that she has many cavities (caries). When she tells him about her dental regimen, he explains to her that she doesn't brush her teeth often enough to remove the bacteria that ________, which is why she has so many cavities.

A)infect the gums, causing dental caries
B)destroy the gums so that the teeth loosen
C)metabolize carbohydrates in food, producing acidic by-products that damage enamel and dentin
D)directly secrete acids that dissolve enamel

Question 79

Peristalsis mixes food in small segments of the alimentary canal with digestive enzymes.

Question 80

The hepatic duct connects the gallbladder to the bile duct.