Deck 29: Protest and Stagnation: The Western World 1965-1985

Question 1

Author Milan Kundera's The Unbearable Lightness of Being emphasizes the despair caused by political repression as capable of crushing the human spirit.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Herbert Marcuse's One-Dimensional Man

A)argued that productive political change could come only from the elites.
B)posited that capitalism was responsible for heightening the discontent of the masses.
C)theorized that unindoctrinated students could liberate the masses from their elite oppressors.
D)sought to quell student rebellions by proposing a revised curriculum that emphasized practical, real-world knowledge.
E)inspired successful protests by German university students.

Answer 2

theorized that unindoctrinated students could liberate the masses from their elite oppressors.

Question 3

​The American president Jimmy Carter proposed the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), nicknamed "Star Wars."

Answer 3

False

Question 4

​Betty Friedan founded the National Organization for Women (NOW).

Question 5

The nation that initially took the lead in the sexual revolution of the 1960s was

A)the United States.
B)France.
C)Italy.
D)Sweden.
E)the Soviet Union.

Question 6

Great Britain, Ireland, and Denmark remained separate from the European Community throughout the 1970s.

Question 7

The song "The Times They Are A-Changin'" was written by

A)the Beatles.
B)Elvis Presley.
C)Credence Clearwater Revival.
D)Bob Dylan.
E)Bob Marley.

Question 8

After the construction of the Berlin Wall, East Germany developed the strongest economy among the Soviet Union's Eastern European satellites.

Question 9

The Reagan Revolution extended welfare benefits to the poor and balanced the federal budget.

Question 10

In the 1960s, college and university students complained and demonstrated against all of the following EXCEPT:

A)declining enrollments.
B)lack of a relevant educational experience.
C)crowded classrooms.
D)authoritarian administrators.
E)uncaring professors and instructors.

Question 11

Unlike America's Ronald Reagan, Britain's Margaret Thatcher had little interest in foreign policy or international affairs.

Question 12

The American president who did the most to escalate the U.S.presence in Vietnam was Lyndon Johnson.

Question 13

The work of Jacques Derrida demonstrated the dependence of Western culture on binary opposition, noting that the privileged depends on the inferior.

Question 14

During the 1960s the recreational drug of choice for most college and university students was

A)powder cocaine.
B)heroine.
C)crack.
D)LSD.
E)marijuana.

Question 15

Playboy magazine

A)originally had no nudity.
B)originally had images but no text.
C)encouraged men to spice up their married sex lives.
D)encouraged men to find sexual satisfaction outside their marriages.
E)was banned the year it came out.

Question 16

Mikhail Gorbachev became the head of the Soviet state immediately following the retirement of Nikita Khrushchev in 1964.

Question 17

The "permissive society" is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

A)sexual freedom.
B)experimentation with drugs.
C)decriminalization of homosexuality.
D)increasing rates of divorce.
E)declining rates of divorce.

Question 18

Popular music of the 1960s without exception emphasized a withdrawal from rather than commentary on social issues of the day.

Question 19

While the United States experienced economic hardships during the 1970s, European economic growth and good times continued.

Question 20

The author of The Feminine Mystique who was also a founder of the National Organization of Women was

A)Rachel Carson.
B)Betty Ford.
C)Simone Beauvoir.
D)Kathleen Windsor.
E)Betty Friedan.

Question 21

The "four olds" targeted during the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution included all of the following EXCEPT

A)old ideas.
B)old culture.
C)old customs.
D)old rulers.
E)old habits.

Question 22

The American president who made the decision to bomb North Vietnam and who significantly increased the number of American troops in the Second Vietnam War was

A)Dwight Eisenhower.
B)Harry Truman.
C)John Kennedy.
D)Richard Nixon.
E)Lyndon Johnson.

Question 23

The Romanian secret police force was called the

A)NKVD.
B)KGB.
C)Securitate.
D)Stasi.
E)State Protection Authority.

Question 24

The economic problems of the United States in the 1970s have been labeled

A)inflation.
B)deflation.
C)stagflation.
D)hyperism.
E)nonflation.

Question 25

Great Britain under Margaret Thatcher experienced

A)a disastrous defeat against Argentina in the Falklands War.
B)improved industrial production in the Midlands.
C)increased government expenditures in education.
D)a large military buildup and hard-line approach against communism.
E)the strengthening of the labor unions.

Question 26

Student protests in Europe backfired to an extent as

A)some people detested what they saw as the lawlessness of the privileged.
B)too many people died during protests in 1968.
C)the students themselves began to have doubts.
D)the full police powers of the states of Europe were brought down upon the protesters.
E)their university funding was withdrawn.

Question 27

The West German chancellor whose policy of Ostpolitik improved relations with East Germany was

A)Willy Brandt.
B)Konrad Adenauer.
C)Helmut Kohl.
D)Helmut Schmidt.
E)Walter Ulbricht.

Question 28

The resignation of Antonín Novotný in Czechoslovakia was precipitated by

A)a mass protest in Prague.
B)his denunciation by the Soviets as an enemy of the Communist Party.
C)a writers' rebellion.
D)a coup by the Christian Democrats.
E)the invasion of Czechoslovakia by the Red Army.

Question 29

The East German leader Erich Honecker was most noted for

A)building the Berlin Wall in 1961.
B)establishing a virtual dictatorship by using the Stasi or secret police in the 1970s and 1980s.
C)urging the political unification of West and East Germany in the late 1980s.
D)leading an unsuccessful independence movement from the Soviet Union in 1953.
E)dismantling the Berlin Wall.

Question 30

The Vietnam War

A)was resolved in 1975 with the Helsinki Agreements.
B)ended in 1973 with the defeat of North Korea.
C)showed the limitations of American power, leading to improved Soviet-American relations.
D)marked the beginning of the total domination of Southeast Asia by the Soviet Union.
E)led to an immediate end of the Cold War in 1975 with the final withdrawal of Americans from Vietnam.

Question 31

The Ohio National Guard killed four student protesters in 1970 at

A)the Ohio State University.
B)the University of Ohio.
C)Bowling Green State University.
D)the University of Toledo.
E)Kent State University.

Question 32

The issue that led to Jimmy Carter's defeat in 1980 was

A)the collapse of oil prices.
B)his pardoning of Richard Nixon.
C)the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
D)his affair with a White House intern.
E)his inability to gain the release of American hostages held in Iran.

Question 33

In 1965, President Charles de Gaulle of France called the United States "the greatest danger in the world today to peace" because of U.S.policy in

A)Cuba.
B)Vietnam.
C)the Balkans.
D)Israel.
E)Pakistan.

Question 34

After his election to the presidency in 1968, Richard Nixon pursued a "southern strategy" by creating policies designed to appeal to

A)the demands of leaders in southern Vietnam.
B)southern whites.
C)Republican voters in southern California.
D)black voters in the American south.
E)newly arrived migrant workers.

Question 35

Eurocommunism was most successful in

A)the Soviet Union.
B)France.
C)Poland.
D)Italy.
E)East Germany.

Question 36

The doctrine that eased Cold War tensions in the 1970s is known as

A)containment.
B)détente.
C)mutually assured destruction (MAD).
D)Star Wars.
E)the domino theory.

Question 37

Under the Brezhnev Doctrine

A)the Soviet Union promised to clean up its international reputation.
B)the Soviets attempted to roll back capitalism everywhere.
C)more political freedoms were granted at home.
D)the Eastern bloc countries were set free from Moscow's control.
E)the Soviets declared the right of intervention if a socialist state were threatened.

Question 38

In Czechoslovakia, the "Prague Spring"

A)permanently ended communism.
B)successfully established a long-lasting democratic government.
C)was brought to an abrupt end by the Red Army.
D)received support and sympathy from East Germany and Romania.
E)had the support of Mikhail Gorbachev.

Question 39

By the mid-1960s, the primary concern of the United States was

A)inflation.
B)drugs.
C)China.
D)global warming.
E)the Soviet Union.

Question 40

The Solidarity movement in Poland

A)was temporarily crushed by Jànos Kàdàr in 1981.
B)failed to gain massive support due to stiff opposition from the conservative Catholic church.
C)was formed by Wladyslaw Gomulka in 1956.
D)lacked cohesion and quickly disintegrated and disappeared in 1980.
E)was outlawed in 1981 and its leaders arrested.

Question 41

The American composer Philip Glass is associated with an acclaimed offshoot of serialism combining elements of classical and popular music in repeated tonal forms and known as

A)post-Surrealism.
B)neo-Expressionism.
C)minimalism.
D)neo-classicism.
E)post-modernism.

Question 42

The 1975 Helsinki Agreements

A)established American military dominance in Europe.
B)accorded the Soviet Union the right to intervene in western European political affairs.
C)recognized all borders in central and eastern Europe established since World War II, thereby acknowledging a Soviet sphere of influence in Eastern Europe.
D)provided for the transfer of American nuclear weapons and submarines to Europe.
E)made Finland a nuclear-free zone.

Question 43

The European writer who used fantasy to examine moral issues and who remained confident about the human condition was

A)Albert Camus.
B)Gabriel García Márquez.
C)Thomas Mann.
D)James Joyce.
E)Milan Kundera.

Question 44

The most watched event on television is

A)the Davis Cup.
B)the Champions League finals.
C)the World Cup.
D)the NFL Superbowl.
E)the World Series.

Question 45

The policies of Ronald Reagan

A)expanded spending on food stamps.
B)increased spending on school lunch programs.
C)decreased spending on the military.
D)raised taxes on the wealthy.
E)more than doubled the national debt.

Question 46

The literary work employing "magic realism" is

A)Small is Beautiful.
B)One Hundred Years of Solitude.
C)The Unbearable Lightness of Being.
D)One-Dimensional Man.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 47

European Green movements

A)achieved notable political successes in most European countries.
B)were not successful in mobilizing public support.
C)made average people aware of environmental problems and gained a variety of local and national political offices.
D)were primarily involved with the antinuclear movements in Europe.
E)were more successful in Eastern Europe than in Western Europe.

Question 48

In the late 1970s, punk rock music was exemplified by

A)the Sex Pistols.
B)the Rolling Stones.
C)the Beatles.
D)Grandmaster Flash.
E)U2.

Question 49

The Soviet launch of Sputnik occurred in

A)1949.
B)1952.
C)1955.
D)1957.
E)1960.

Question 50

Small Is Beautiful was written by

A)Robert Oppenheimer.
B)E.F.Schumacher.
C)Ludwig Wittgenstein.
D)Michael Goric.
E)George Soros.

Question 51

An important figure in the development of an early computer and the inventor of the computer language COBOL was

A)J.Robert Oppenheimer.
B)Karl Barth.
C)Grace Hopper.
D)William Gates.
E)Ludwig Wittgenstein.

Question 52

The British mathematician who designed a computer that assisted in breaking the secret German codes during World War II was

A)Ralph Vaughn Williams.
B)Alan Turing.
C)Ian Botham.
D)Anthony Powell.
E)Bertrand Russell.

Question 53

A major trend in music since World War II, as best expressed in the works of Olivier Messiaen, has been

A)neo-classicism.
B)serialism.
C)post-modernism.
D)minimalism.
E)maximalism.

Question 54

An appropriate symbol of détente between Russia and America was the ABM Treaty of 1972 that

A)guaranteed massive American financial aid to the Russians.
B)allowed the Russians to export more luxury commodities to the U.S.without paying import taxes.
C)enabled both countries to trade freely in aircraft, bonds, and minerals.
D)pledged the two nations to limit their development of anti-ballistic missile systems, thus avoiding a new arms race.
E)resulted in alliance between the Soviets and the United States directed against Communist China and Mao Zedong, with the letters ABM referring to "All But Mao."

Question 55

Postmodernism in art could include all of the following EXCEPT

A)an eclectic mingling of historic tradition and Modernist innovation.
B)an architecture of complexity and contradiction.
C)blurring the distinction between the arts, including film, performance, and popular culture.
D)"happenings."
E)Photorealism.

Question 56

The American president who journeyed to the People's Republic of China in 1972 was

A)Lyndon Johnson.
B)Jimmy Carter.
C)John Kennedy.
D)Gerald Ford.
E)Richard Nixon.

Question 57

The American president who helped maintain a Vietnam-like war in Afghanistan by aiding anti-Soviet insurgents was

A)Richard Nixon.
B)Ronald Reagan.
C)George H.W.Bush.
D)Bill Clinton.
E)George W.Bush.

Question 58

Under the U.S.presidency of Jimmy Carter, a major goal of American foreign policy was

A)a new effort to contain Communism around the globe.
B)the protection of human rights globally.
C)American withdrawal from European defensive alliances to counter Soviet power.
D)the emplacement of new nuclear weapons systems in Europe for possible use against Russia.
E)to weaken the Islamic Republic of Iran by military force.

Question 59

Wars like the ones in Vietnam and Afghanistan demonstrated that

A)the superpowers could never be at peace.
B)there would always be sphere of influence in the world where the superpowers would be at conflict.
C)there would be wars that the superpowers could not win against a strong nationalist and guerrilla-type opposition.
D)warfare in the world would be incessant.
E)there could never be a military conflict between the superpowers.

Question 60

Small Is Beautiful is a fundamental critique of the dangers of

A)the Cold War.
B)modern feminism.
C)popular culture.
D)science and technology.
E)Communism.

Question 61

What causes mobilized the revolts of the 1960s and 1970s? How successful were protests at resolving the grievances of the participants?

Question 62

Compare and contrast the American war in Vietnam and the Soviet Union's conflict in Afghanistan.What does each reveal about the relationship between the superpowers and the limits of their power?

Question 63

In the 1960s, Marshall McLuhan predicted that the scenario for the future would be

A)a clash of civilizations.
B)a global village.
C)the end of "history."
D)the victory for liberal democracy.
E)an age of terrorism.

Question 64

In what ways does the feminist movement between 1965 and 1985 resemble the feminist movement of the nineteenth century? How did the two differ in their goals and methods?

Question 65

What major economic problems and consequences plagued the West during the 1970s?

Question 66

Between 1965 and 1985, did new technologies and new scientific discoveries do more to benefit or to harm the planet and its inhabitants?

Question 67

What domestic social, political, and economic factors impacted the development of Western civilization between 1965 and 1985? What developments were the result of the West's interactions with the rest of the world?

Question 68

What are the ideas associated with Marshall McLuhan's 1960s concept of the "global village"? Has he been an accurate forecaster of events from the vantage point of the early twenty-first century?

Question 69

The terrorist group who murdered Israeli athletes at the 1972 Olympic Games was the

A)IRA.
B)Red Army.
C)Baader-Meinhof Gang.
D)Black September.
E)Taliban.

Question 70

Is "Americanization" the proper word to use when describing the popular culture of the Western world since World War II? Why and/or why not? Be specific.

Question 71

What are the characteristics of Postmodernism? Would it be accurate to say that all, or at least most, of the popular culture of this period was Postmodern?

Question 72

Did the ongoing processes of globalization during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s do more to benefit the interests of the few or of the many?