Deck 10: The Rise of Kingdoms and the Growth of Church Power

Question 1

It was to the advantage of the great lords of Germany to elect a strong king.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The Magna Carta could best be described as

A)a promise to work to develop democratic institutions.
B)an affirmation of the traditional rights of barons.
C)a guarantee of religious freedom for all Englishmen.
D)a guarantee of civil rights for all Englishmen.
E)the first feminist legislation of King John's reign.

Answer 2

an affirmation of the traditional rights of barons.

Question 3

The Capetian king who wrested control of several French territories from King John of England was

A)Louis VII.
B)Philip II.
C)Louis IX.
D)Philip IV.
E)Henry IV.

Answer 3

Philip II.

Question 4

By the reign of Pope Innocent III (1198-1216), papal power was weakening throughout most of Europe, as exemplified by King Philip Augustus's refusal to restore his wife as queen of France.

Question 5

The Domesday Book could best be described as

A)a law code.
B)a manual of chivalry.
C)a religious tract.
D)a king's diary.
E)an economic census.

Question 6

The power of the Capetian monarchy was strengthened by the emergence of

A)a council for advice.
B)a chamber of accounts for finances.
C)the Parlement.
D)the Estates-General.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 7

One of the great political developments in England in the thirteenth century was

A)King John's success in bringing about a drastic reduction of the power of the nobility.
B)the emergence of the English Parliament under Edward I.
C)Edward I's successful unification of all the British Isles into a single feudal kingdom.
D)the written recognition that the English monarchy should have absolute power.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 8

William the Conqueror took over England in 1066 after the Battle of

A)Poitiers.
B)Runnymede.
C)Hastings.
D)Bosworth Field.
E)Agincourt.

Question 9

Feudalism in England under William I differed from feudalism in most other countries in that

A)he deemphasized the role of knights.
B)he required all subvassals to swear allegiance to him.
C)homage was eliminated.
D)fiefs were drastically reduced in size.
E)manors were awarded only to members of William's own family.

Question 10

For much of the thirteenth century, France was dominated by Louis IX, a deeply religious king who was later canonized and made a saint by the Catholic Church.

Question 11

Under William of Normandy and his son Henry I, medieval England

A)saw its Anglo-Saxon institutions abolished and replaced by Norman ones.
B)was isolated from continental affairs.
C)developed a strong, centralized monarchy.
D)saw all of its land become part of the Norman family's demesne.
E)became a fief of France.

Question 12

The Byzantine loss at Manzikert led eastern Christians to ask their western brethren for help.

Question 13

Henry, Duke of Anjou, vastly increased his fortune in 1152 when he married the wealthy heiress

A)Eleanor of Aquitaine.
B)Matilda of Touraine.
C)Hildegard of Bingen.
D)Catherine d' Medici.
E)Catherine of Tours.

Question 14

The descendants of Alexander Nevsky became princes of Moscow and eventually leaders of all Russia.

Question 15

Within Europe, the most popular sites for Christian pilgrims were Rome and Paris.

Question 16

When Acre was captured by Islamic forces in 1291, the western crusaders' presence in the Middle East came to an end after an approximate two hundred years of occupation.

Question 17

With the decline of German imperial power in Italy after the death of Frederick II, the larger cities of northern Italy emerged as strong independent city-states.

Question 18

The abbey of Cluny was deliberately designed to be dependent on secular control.

Question 19

By the end of the twelfth century, the Christian Reconquest of Spain had picked up pace and intensity.

Question 20

Parliament in England originally arose from the

A)popular demand of the people.
B)insistence of the nobles.
C)military victory over France.
D)old Celtic tradition of Druidic councils.
E)king's need to collect new taxes.

Question 21

In 1077 at Canossa, King Henry IV

A)received absolution and forgiveness after humbling himself before the pope.
B)demanded the pope give up the investiture fight.
C)killed Pope Gregory VII in a fit of rage.
D)voluntarily relinquished his claims to be emperor.
E)declared victory over the Hungarians.

Question 22

The founder of the Mongol Empire was

A)Alexander Nevsky.
B)Kublai Khan.
C)Genghis Khan.
D)Khanbaliq.
E)Vladimir of Kiev.

Question 23

The papacy reached its zenith of power in the thirteenth century during the papacy of

A)Urban II.
B)Pius III.
C)Gregory VII.
D)Boniface VIII.
E)Innocent III.

Question 24

The policy that Spanish Christian rulers followed during the reconquest in distributing lands, houses, and property of Muslims to Christians was known as

A)reconquista.
B)arrangemento.
C)parlemento
D)repartimiento.
E)None of these are correct.

Question 25

Frederick II of Hohenstaufen

A)allowed his kingdom to fall into chaos by leading military ventures in Italy.
B)was considered incompetent by his contemporaries.
C)was a brilliant scholar who wrote treatises on political philosophy.
D)was perhaps the greatest military leader of the Middle Ages.
E)led the Fourth Crusade against Constantinople.

Question 26

Russia's religious development led to a close affinity between Russian civilization and

A)Byzantine civilization.
B)western European civilization.
C)Mongol civilization.
D)Persian civilization.
E)Indian civilization.

Question 27

During the eleventh and twelfth centuries, Holy Roman Emperors

A)expanded the boundaries of the Empire.
B)increased the size of their armies dramatically.
C)attempted to exploit the resources of Italy.
D)bankrupted their kingdom with their lavish spending.
E)abandoned Italy for conquests in the north.

Question 28

Frederick Barbarossa was defeated at Legnano in 1176, ending his attempts to control

A)the principalities of the Rhineland.
B)the Duchy of Burgundy.
C)the towns in northern Italy.
D)the Hanseatic towns in northern Germany.
E)the pope.

Question 29

By the end of the twelfth century, Spain was

A)free of Muslim control in the northern half of the country.
B)a fully united Christian kingdom.
C)once again completely under the control of the Muslims.
D)the most powerful nation in Europe.
E)ruled by the Valois dynasty of France.

Question 30

Cluny was

A)a commercial city in northern Italy.
B)the capital of Flanders.
C)the site where King John signed Magna Carta.
D)a cathedral school in Burgundy.
E)a Benedictine monastery in France.

Question 31

The church during the twelfth century possessed a hierarchical structure with the pope and which group at the apex?

A)archbishops
B)the papal curia
C)abbots
D)bishops
E)kings and emperors

Question 32

The action of the medieval church that closed churches in a region or a country and that forbade the clergy from administering the sacraments to the populace was

A)excommunication.
B)an indulgence.
C)a curia.
D)the interdict.
E)the investiture.

Question 33

The investiture controversy was resolved in 1122 by a compromise agreement known as the Concordat of

A)Rome.
B)Canossa.
C)Verdun.
D)Worms.
E)Cologne.

Question 34

The Christian offensive in Spain against the Muslims in the thirteenth century

A)brought an economic revival, especially for the Andalusian region.
B)saw a politically united Spain.
C)saw the king of Castile, Alfonso X, expel all Jews and Muslims.
D)left Granada the last Muslim kingdom on the Iberian peninsula.
E)drove all of the Moors from Spain and back into Africa.

Question 35

The investiture controversy concerned

A)the meaning of the communion sacrament.
B)the nature of the Holy Spirit in the Trinity.
C)who could bestow a church position on a man.
D)how church funds would be invested.
E)how popes would be chosen.

Question 36

Scandinavia by the twelfth century

A)remained largely pagan and resistant to European culture.
B)contained the continent's most powerful nation, Sweden.
C)entered into a period of relative peace within and between local kingdoms.
D)had accepted Christianity through the agency of local kings who wished to better organize and govern their states.
E)abandoned their marriage alliances with the Holy Roman Empire.

Question 37

Pope Gregory VII

A)claimed that popes had the right to depose kings and emperors.
B)stated that popes should not be involved in the everyday activities of the church.
C)increased the Church's missionary activities to Russia and the east.
D)collected new taxes to finance building programs.
E)crawled in the snow and begged the forgiveness of Henry IV of the Holy Roman Empire.

Question 38

The status of bishops and abbots as vassals of nobles led to

A)the collapse of Christian worship in many places.
B)greater popular respect for the church.
C)increased worldliness and a decline in the execution of their spiritual duties.
D)greater respect shown to the church and its officials by nobles.
E)the revival of Arianism.

Question 39

Which of the following territories did Kublai Khan complete the Mongol conquest of?

A)India
B)Russia
C)Persia
D)Arabia
E)China

Question 40

In general, monasteries performed all the following EXCEPT

A)prayed for themselves and others.
B)copied manuscripts.
C)provided food and clothing for the poor.
D)formed clerical guilds for priests and nuns.
E)took care of the sick and ran hospitals.

Question 41

Followers of the Cathar (Albigensian) heresy believed that

A)sex is the purest expression of love for God.
B)the spirit is pure but the body is corrupt and evil.
C)women and married men should be allowed to be priests.
D)the true seat of Christ's church is Byzantium.
E)Islam and Christianity were two incarnations of the same truth.

Question 42

By the thirteenth century, a previous acceptance of homosexuality by church and society had been replaced by Christian persecution of homosexuals due to all of the following EXCEPT

A)the writings of Thomas Aquinas.
B)a rising tide of intolerance in Europe.
C)the identification of homosexuals with other detested minority groups in society.
D)papal decrees which had harshly condemned the lifestyle since the Early Middle Ages and had overtly tried to stamp it out for centuries.
E)None of these are correct.

Question 43

All of the following statements are correct about the "Peasants' Crusade" EXCEPT

A)after considerable hardship, the crusade succeeded in reaching Jerusalem.
B)it was an exercise in religious fanaticism and futility.
C)the Crusade's leader was Peter the Hermit.
D)the crusaders attacked Jews on their march towards the Holy Land.
E)the crusaders were massacred by the Turks when they reached Asia Minor.

Question 44

Which of the following was NOT a result of the Crusades?

A)some cultural exchanges between Christians and Muslims
B)new economic growth of Italian port cities
C)By removing many young warriors to the Middle East, European society was possibly more stable and European monarchs gained greater control.
D)increasingly common and violent attacks on European Jews by Christians
E)the steady growth in power of the Middle Eastern crusader states

Question 45

The papal inquisition, or the Holy Office, a church court designed to try and punish heretics,

A)accepted accusations of heresy against anyone.
B)often utilized Cistercian monks as inquisitors.
C)turned those deemed guilty over to religious authorities for execution.
D)forbade the use of torture.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 46

Dominic de Guzman, founder of the new Dominican order of preachers,

A)was chiefly concerned with limiting papal power.
B)did not embrace the necessity of poverty for the members of new church orders.
C)was an intellectual who created a new order of learned prelates to fight heresy within the church.
D)worked most closely with popes to reform the College of Cardinals.
E)preached on street corners to common people.

Question 47

The persecutions of European Jews in the High Middle Ages were

A)discouraged by Christian mendicants and preachers.
B)forbidden by the Fourth Lateran Council.
C)frequently inspired by the Christian Crusades, as Christians searched for enemies at home.
D)always endorsed by the popes.
E)prohibited by European kings.

Question 48

The Church taught that purgatory was

A)a place where the soul was purified through punishment before admission to heaven.
B)a type of hell reserved for the worst sinners.
C)similar to the Greek's concept of an afterlife.
D)a fabulous place where saints dwelled.
E)a heresy.

Question 49

The sacramental system of the Catholic Church regarded all of the following as sacraments EXCEPT

A)penance.
B)pilgrimage.
C)extreme unction.
D)confirmation.
E)the Eucharist.

Question 50

After capturing the city of Jerusalem in 1099, the Christian soldiers of the First Crusade

A)made the city the capital of the Holy Roman Empire.
B)created several Christian crusader states with feudal institutions.
C)sacked Constantinople on their way home.
D)traveled to Rome to receive the pope's blessing.
E)None of these are correct.

Question 51

The Cathar movement gained valuable support from nobles in

A)northern France and southern England.
B)southern Spain.
C)the Holy Roman Empire.
D)southern France and northern Italy.
E)southern Italy and Sicily.

Question 52

The Fourth Crusade was diverted from Jerusalem and ended up sacking

A)Alexandria.
B)Constantinople.
C)Rome.
D)Venice.
E)Paris.

Question 53

Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont in 1095

A)promised remissions of sins for joining the Crusades to recapture the Holy Land.
B)appointed Peter the Hermit as leader of the Crusades.
C)urged the destruction of all Jewish settlements on the crusaders' way to the Holy Land.
D)urged the sending of a diplomatic mission to the Muslims in order to gain peaceful access to Jerusalem and its holy places.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 54

The Islamic world in the mid-eleventh century was largely unified and dominated by the

A)Fatimids.
B)Ottomans.
C)Berbers.
D)Abbasids.
E)Seljuks.

Question 55

The Cistercians, a new reform-minded monastic order,

A)grew very slowly in the eleventh century.
B)ornately decorated their churches and monastic buildings.
C)spent less time in private prayer and manual labor and dramatically expanded religious services.
D)began in Russia and expanded westward into Europe.
E)broke with the Benedictine tradition because they were dissatisfied with its lack of strict discipline.

Question 56

Saint Francis of Assisi stressed that

A)human beings should strive to dominate the natural world.
B)God could only be understood through rigorous contemplation of nature.
C)biblical precepts be rejected in organizing the new mendicant orders of the church.
D)his followers must accept strict vows of poverty and live by working and begging for food.
E)wealth aided believers in achieving salvation.

Question 57

Female monasticism in the twelfth century

A)was a new phenomenon.
B)was a refuge for women of all classes.
C)declined due to the changing, negative view of women.
D)saw the number of women joining religious houses increase significantly.
E)was found only in France.

Question 58

In 1071, at Manzikert, the Seljuk Turks defeated the

A)Fatimids.
B)Normans.
C)Byzantines.
D)Germans.
E)Rus.

Question 59

Hildegard of Bingen, one of the most accomplished nuns of the twelfth century, is noted for all of the following EXCEPT her

A)three books of her personal religious experiences.
B)mystical visions of the divine.
C)fame as abbess of a convent.
D)abuse by kings and popes as a "false prophet."
E)contributions to the body of music known as Gregorian chant or plainsong.

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT true of indulgences in the High Middle Ages?

A)Indulgences were granted for charitable contributions.
B)Indulgences were granted for viewing the relics of saints.
C)Indulgences could be gained only through pilgrimage to Jerusalem.
D)Indulgences helped the living ease the suffering of deceased souls in purgatory.
E)The church specified the number of years and days of each indulgence.

Question 61

What religious and non-religious motivations led to the Crusades?

Question 62

What accounted for the frequent discords between popes and monarchs? Was there a universal cause of friction?

Question 63

Second Crusade

Question 64

The papacy underwent dramatic reforms and modifications in medieval times.How did this institution change during this period? What powers did it gain? What powers or influence did it lose?

Question 65

William of Normandy and the Norman Conquest

Question 66

Compare and contrast the political developments in France and England with those in the Holy Roman Empire and Italy between 1000 and 1300.What circumstances explain the differences?

Question 67

What were the chief spiritual aims of the Catholic mendicant orders? How did the means they chose to reach these spiritual goals affect European society and politics, especially in cities?

Question 68

How does the behavior of Saint Francis of Assisi exemplify a return to early Christian ideals of church organization and operation? What does his great popularity and veneration among ordinary Europeans indicate about popular religion in medieval times?

Question 69

The Crusades have been called "successful failures." Is that an accurate assessment? Why or why not?

Question 70

What was the role of monastic orders, old and new, in shaping the politics and culture of medieval Europe?

Question 71

Explain the importance of the veneration of saints, the use of relics, and the act of pilgrimage for ordinary people in the High Middle Ages.

Question 72

What factors caused the thirteenth century to be a time of intolerance in medieval Europe? Which groups were singled out for attack and why?

Question 73

What does the Inquisition suggest about the interconnections among society, the Catholic Church as an institution, and political power?