Deck 10: Socioemotional Development in Adolescence

Question 1

While moodiness is not a universal or key feature of the adolescent experience, when teens do experience moodiness it is often the result of their:

A) neglecting to make financial contributions to the household in which they live.
B) refusing to make financial contributions to the household in which they live.
C) attempting to navigate emerging autonomy and parents trying to accommodate to that developmental need.
D) attempting to gain independence from their parents and their parents' refusal to grant full independence.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Our modern-day, positively skewed understanding of teenagers reflects G. Stanley Hall's rose-colored view of the adolescent.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

In the early 1900s, the typical adolescent lived in a state of:

A) full dependence on parents.
B) semi-independence from parents.
C) full independence from parents.
D) none of the choices

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Laws that required adolescents to __________________ were introduced in the 1900s in an effort to protect adolescents from ___________________.

A) take sex education courses; STDs
B) take sex education courses; early marriage
C) attend school; dedicating their work lives to agriculture
D) attend school; the demands of adult work

Question 5

The psychosocial crisis associated with adolescence is identity versus role confusion.

Question 6

Laws that required adolescents to spend more years in school affected the:

A) average age adolescents planned to get married.
B) actual age adolescents got married.
C) length of time adolescents were financially dependent on parents.
D) length of time adolescents were emotionally dependent on parents.

Question 7

The positive resolution of identity versus role confusion in adolescence is the ability to adopt and maintain a coherent and integrated sense of himself and purpose.

Question 8

Adolescence emerged as a developmental stage in the context of the Industrial Revolution, which provided adolescents opportunities to:

A) work and earn money to save for college.
B) work and earn money for their families.
C) live in cities and get married earlier.
D) live in cities and move away from their parents.

Question 9

The end of adolescence, when Hall introduced the concept, marked what milestone in lifespan development?

A) Approximately 1/10 of the human lifespan was complete.
B) Approximately 1/5 of the human lifespan was complete.
C) Approximately 1/3 of the human lifespan was complete.
D) Approximately ½ of the human lifespan was complete.

Question 10

In the early 1900s, the age of adulthood was:

A) 15.
B) 16.
C) 17.
D) 18.

Question 11

Around 1900 when Hall introduced the concept of adolescence, a sizable minority of 10- to 15-year-olds were employed.

Question 12

A healthy developing adolescent will turn to ____________________ for information that helps him refine his identity.

A) parents
B) friends
C) media
D) All choices are important.

Question 13

Adolescence remains a developmental stage associated with the notion that risk-taking behaviors are common; research indicates that breaking rules:

A) and deviant behavior are uncommon
B) and deviant behavior are indeed very common.
C) occurs only when parents are too permissive.
D) occurs only when an adolescent spends time with peers who are bad influences.

Question 14

The storm and stress view of adolescence assumes that ______________________is a universal feature of the teen years.

A) parental conflict
B) moodiness
C) risk-taking
D) all of the choices

Question 15

Resolution of identity versus role confusion is encouraged by the adolescent reflecting on the question:

A) Who am I?
B) What do I want to be?
C) How do I let others know my identity?
D) all of the choices

Question 16

If an adolescent does not resolve his or her identity in adolescence, it may increase the likelihood of delaying the crisis to middle adulthood, in other words-a midlife crisis.

Question 17

G. Stanley Hall took a(n) __________________ approach to the study of adolescence.

A) biological
B) psychological
C) sociological
D) interdisciplinary

Question 18

The natural state of the adolescent is change rather than stability.

Question 19

According to more recent empirical studies of parent-adolescent conflict, developmentalists understand that:

A) conflict does not dominate parent-adolescent relationships.
B) parents and adolescents have disagreements about insignificant and superficial issues.
C) the majority of adolescents have positive feelings toward their parents.
D) all of the choices

Question 20

In the 1900s, semi-independence involved continuing to live with one's family-of-origin while also contributing to the household economy by:

A) working on the family farm.
B) contributing to the economic activities of their families.
C) apprenticing under another family's authority.
D) any of the choices

Question 21

Identity __________________ refers to a state of exploration of one's identity without commitment.

A) diffusion
B) foreclosure
C) moratorium
D) achievement

Question 22

James Marcia proposed that there are ____________ identity statuses rather than the two proposed by Erikson.

A) three
B) four
C) five
D) six

Question 23

Identity-confused adolescents are __________________ about who they are.

A) certain
B) uncertain
C) happy
D) unhappy

Question 24

John's dad is a mechanic and not a developmentalist by nature. He's often annoyed with 16-year-old Christopher, his son, who has made little progress in deciding what career he wants to pursue, but he spends hours choosing which shirt and hat to wear to have pizza with his friends. A developmentalist might explain that adolescents:

A) focus on the superficial before the serious, for example, their careers.
B) have too many choices; limit the clothing he has.
C) are irresponsible.
D) enjoy making their parents angry.

Question 25

In adolescence, ethnic identity development involves:

A) choosing whether to become a member of an ethnic group.
B) deciding whether or not to publicly reject the values of one's ethnic group.
C) resolving positive and negative views about one's ethnic group membership.
D) selecting an ethnicity that fits one's belief and value system.

Question 26

Like other domains of identity development, ethnic identity is resolved through dual processes: exploration and commitment.

Question 27

______________________about femininity and masculinity develop through childhood and influence gender identity in adolescence.

A) Gender schemas
B) Sex schemas
C) Gender goals
D) Sexual goals

Question 28

Adolescent ethnic identity is influenced by acculturation, the:

A) extent to which family values are influenced by culture.
B) extent to which and adolescents values are the same as peers' values.
C) process of a minority culture adopting the values of the majority culture.
D) process of a majority culture adopting the values of the minority culture.

Question 29

Ethnic identity may or may not be a central concern of an adolescent.

Question 30

According to Phinney, Stage 3 of ethnic minority identity formation is characterized by:

A) resolution of one's identity after consideration of one's ethnicity.
B) an openness to ongoing consideration of options.
C) making a choice to delay the search for ethnic identity.
D) making the choice to honor the choice of one's parents.

Question 31

A parent may wonder if a teen is depressed when he isolates himself from others, has low mood, and stops doing the things he used to do that made him happy. A developmentalist may wonder about barriers to developing a healthy identity and may specifically assess whether the adolescent is experiencing identity:

A) diffusion.
B) foreclosure.
C) moratorium.
D) achievement.

Question 32

According to Phinney, Stage 2 of ethnic minority identity formation is consistent with Marcia's notion of identity:

A) achievement.
B) foreclosure.
C) diffusion.
D) moratorium.

Question 33

According to Phinney, adolescents from minority cultures who are in Stage 1 of ethnic minority identity formation:

A) accept without question the values and opinions of the majority culture.
B) feel confused by the choices they have with respect to forming an ethnic identity.
C) have thought about and selected an ethnic identity consistent with his or her beliefs and values.
D) none of the choices

Question 34

Minority or majority status influences ethnic identity development in adolescence.

Question 35

In adolescence, gender identity refers to:

A) one's sexual preference for sexual activity with a boy or a girl.
B) the perceptions that others have concerning whether a person looks like a boy or a girl.
C) the desire to be treated like a boy or a girl by one's peers.
D) one's perception of whether he or she is more like a girl or a boy with respect to activity preferences, personality traits, and attitudes.

Question 36

Adolescents are less likely to experience negative feelings and problems associated with identity development when identity _______________is reached; compared to identity __________________.

A) foreclosure; achievement
B) foreclosure; diffusion
C) diffusion; moratorium
D) diffusion; foreclosure

Question 37

Positive resolution of the identity crisis according to Erikson is consistent with which of Marcia's identity statuses?

A) diffusion
B) foreclosure
C) moratorium
D) achievement

Question 38

Identity development is consistent across all domains of development. That is, an adolescent is likely to have the same level of identity resolution with respect to religious, occupational, political, and relational identity.

Question 39

Adolescent sexual orientation is determined at birth and does not change.

Question 40

Evidence of adolescent role confusion may manifest as:

A) a dazed loo.k
B) incoherent responses to questions from authority.
C) fully adopting the identity of someone the teen admires.
D) none of the choices

Question 41

High school dropout rates are _________________ different race/ethnicity groups.

A) the same for
B) different for
C) reliable for
D) unreliable for

Question 42

Securely attached adolescents are likely to __________________ their early attachments.

A) avoid talking about
B) freely describe and evaluate without judgment
C) spend a great deal of time focused on
D) none of the choices

Question 43

The most significant change in the world of adolescents is the increase in freedom they experience.

Question 44

With adolescence, there comes an increasingly likelihood that peers know more than parents about an adolescent's life.

Question 45

Middle school and junior high students are increasingly encouraged to focus on _________________goals over __________________ goals.

A) performance; mastery
B) mastery; performance
C) long-term; short-term
D) short-term; long-term

Question 46

When Adele is 14, she understands her sexual orientation to be heterosexual. Through adolescence her sexual orientation:

A) will not change.
B) may change.
C) will certainly change.
D) will change more than once.

Question 47

Which of the following scenario could be used as an example of gender intensification in adolescence?

A) When the school year begins, teenage boys take an interest in football while teenage girls take an interest in cheerleading.
B) In the fall, teenage boys spend time hunting, while teenage girls spend time cooking food.
C) In the winter, teenage boys spend time shoveling snow and de-icing vehicles, while teenage girls spend time making coffee and cocoa to keep the family warm.
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 48

Middle school and junior high school teachers ____________________ compared to elementary school teachers.

A) are less emotionally connected to students
B) feel less effective with their students
C) have many more students
D) all of the choices

Question 49

Insecurely attached/dismissive adolescents are likely to __________________ their early attachments.

A) avoid talking about
B) freely describe and evaluate without judgment
C) spend a great deal of time focused on
D) none of the choices

Question 50

The power dynamic between parents and adolescents shifts through the teen years.

Question 51

Since the 1960s, high school dropout rates have:

A) decreased.
B) increased.
C) remained steady.
D) fluctuated significantly.

Question 52

To reduce risk for school drop-out, researchers have focused their attention on the transition to junior high and specifically the:

A) confluence of puberty, changing schools, and increased academic demands.
B) heightened opportunity to prevent stress.
C) benefit of sex education.
D) need for art and music training.

Question 53

After childhood, the Adult Attachment Interview is used to assess an individual's attachment schema.

Question 54

In adolescence, the relationship adolescents have with their parents changes with respect to:

A) the affective quality of their relationship.
B) attachment.
C) the balance of power.
D) all of the choices

Question 55

Compared to the increased risks for school drop-out associated with the transition from elementary to middle school, the transition from junior high to high school is associated with;

A) many of the same problems.
B) fewer problems.
C) different problems.
D) none of the choices

Question 56

Ryan and Adam were both in the gifted and talented program. But in sixth grade, they began to skip school. The difficulty of the schoolwork had nothing to do with their unhappiness in school, it was the _______________________that undermined their motivation to attend.

A) lack of opportunity to make their own decisions
B) high level of teacher control and low value for self-directedness
C) routinization of the learning experience
D) all of the choices

Question 57

Middle school and junior high schools provide students with __________________ compared to elementary school.

A) less autonomy and control
B) more autonomy and control
C) more art and music education
D) less art and music education

Question 58

In adolescence, school is both an academic and a social context.

Question 59

Manuel asked his friends to call him "Mike." Although he was born in the United States, his parents were born in Mexico and Manuel wants to de-identify with his parents' culture. Developmentalists designing interventions to support ethnic identity development are likely to encourage Manuel to:

A) disown his parents' culture.
B) adopt a bicultural identity.
C) use his real name regardless of his identity choice.
D) none of the choices

Question 60

Adolescents are able to describe differences in peers who have different attachment styles.

Question 61

A developmentalist might teach adolescents to self-monitor for problematic Internet use by teaching them to look out for signs such as:

A) lying about how much time he or she is spending on the Internet.
B) socially isolating themselves to spend more time online.
C) receiving lower grades than he or she is able to earn.
D) all of these

Question 62

Almost all adolescents between ages 15 and16 are in romantic relationships.

Question 63

Along with five other teens, Jacob was caught stealing small items from a department store. The police interviewed each of them separately and recognized that, unlike the other four, Jacob's desire to fit into this particular crowd of peers made him especially vulnerable. They released Jacob to his parents, explaining to them the role that peer ________________ played in Jacob's poor choices and told Jacob to stop __________________ to fit in.

A) pressure; taking risks
B) nominations; making friends
C) pressure; making friends
D) nominations, taking risks

Question 64

In adolescence, high-status peer crowds have tighter boundaries than low-status crowds.

Question 65

A small group of adolescents belong to the _____________________ crowd, a small group of students who tend to set trends and dictate who is "in" and who is "out."

A) "normals"
B) "druggies/toughs"
C) "nobodies"
D) "populars"

Question 66

Adolescents shape their own experiences through choosing to be members of a(n) _______________, a group of friends who share similar values and behaviors.

A) crowd
B) clique
C) ethnic group
D) none of the choices

Question 67

A parenting class for parents of adolescents would encourage both mothers and fathers to demonstrate ____________if they want to facilitate a healthy relationship between themselves and their teens.

A) trust
B) honesty
C) openness
D) all of the choices

Question 68

Parenting style from early childhood ______________________ adolescence.

A) shows continuity through
B) is interrupted by
C) shifts in the opposite direction in
D) none of the choices

Question 69

Insecurely attached/preoccupied adolescents are likely to __________________ their early attachments.

A) avoid talking about
B) freely describe and evaluate without judgment
C) spend a great deal of time focused on
D) none of the choices

Question 70

Peers are aware that other adolescents belonging to a certain ___________________, even when an adolescent has no idea that he or she shares similar attributes with others.

A) crowd
B) clique
C) ethnic group
D) none of the choices

Question 71

Melinda's mother died of a drug overdose when Melinda was 11, and her father married a woman who was not maternal to neither Melinda nor her sister. Both teenagers are doing well in high school, have a good group of friends, and plan to go to college. It's very likely that Melinda's father has a(n) _______________ parenting style.

A) high warmth
B) high conflict
C) authoritarian
D) authoritative

Question 72

Peer crowds have clear boundaries.

Question 73

Crowd membership in adolescence influences an adolescent's:

A) self-concept of achievement.
B) self-esteem.
C) self-awareness.
D) none of the choices

Question 74

In adolescence, crowd membership is determined by peers' perceptions of how well a student does in school.

Question 75

A developmentalist presenting a workshop to middle school teachers would emphasize that __________________ to help them understand the peer world of teens.

A) adolescents spend more time in peer groups than children do
B) adolescents are preoccupied with being accepted by their peer group
C) it is normal for teens to increase their orientation to the peer world, away from the adult world,
D) all of the choices

Question 76

Exclusive attachments are not possible in adolescence because teens don't have the capability of sharing deep feelings.

Question 77

Parents concerned about their teen's media use will benefit in knowing the risk factors known to be associated with problematic internet use, including:

A) neglecting basic needs.
B) feeling angry, tense, and depressed when prohibited from using the Internet.
C) feeling the need for more and better computer equipment.
D) all of the choices

Question 78

According to peer reports, securely attached adolescents are:

A) less anxious.
B) more prosocial.
C) resilient.
D) all of the choices

Question 79

All adolescent romantic relationships are all very similar.

Question 80

The majority of adolescents are ___________________, average students who have little influence on what is and is not cool.

A) "normals"
B) "druggies/toughs"
C) "nobodies"
D) "populars"