Deck 12: Psychotherapy: The Psychodynamic Perspective

Question 1

Free association,as practiced by Freud,

A) involved patients responding to carefully chosen stimulus words that Freud said aloud.
B) involved patients responding to ink blots that Freud presented to them.
C) involved Freud asking the patient to simply talk, without censorship, about whatever came to mind.
D) none of the above

Answer 1

involved Freud asking the patient to simply talk, without censorship, about whatever came to mind.

Question 2

According to Freud,children progress through stages of development in the following sequence:

A) anal, oral, phallic, latency, genital.
B) oral, anal, latency, phallic, genital.
C) oral, anal, genital, latency, phallic.
D) none of the above

Answer 2

none of the above

Question 3

Anna O.

A) was one of Freud's first psychoanalysis patients.
B) presented for treatment with severe depressive symptoms.
C) demonstrated that psychoanalytic clients can develop strong emotional attachments to their analysts.
D) more than one of the above

Answer 3

demonstrated that psychoanalytic clients can develop strong emotional attachments to their analysts.

Question 4

Sammy is a child.If her personality is developing normally,Freud would say that Sammy's punished behavior is being incorporated into her _______,and her rewarded behavior is being incorporated into her __________.

A) conscience; ego ideal
B) conscience; superego
C) inferiority complex; superiority complex
D) guilt complex; ego ideal

Question 5

According to Freud,a 5-year-old child who has developed normally is most likely in the __________ stage of development.

A) oral
B) phallic
C) latency
D) anal

Question 6

According to Freud,instinctual urges that demand immediate gratification stem from the

A) ego.
B) superego.
C) id.
D) more than one of the above

Question 7

According to Freud's ideas about the structure of personality,the __________ arises because the __________ is inadequate at serving and preserving the organism.

A) id; superego
B) superego; ego
C) ego; id
D) superego; id

Question 8

The ego

A) acts as the executive of the personality.
B) operates according to the pleasure principle.
C) employs the primary processes.
D) none of the above

Question 9

Sigmund Freud

A) smoked cigars and experienced cancer of the jaw.
B) moved to England in his later years.
C) had a daughter who became a famous psychoanalyst herself.
D) all of the above

Question 10

According to Freud,which personality structure utilizes the processes of learning,memory,judgment,and planning?

A) ego
B) superego
C) id
D) None of the personality structures utilize those processes.

Question 11

Breuer and Freud worked together to create __________,which was published in 1895.

A) The Psychopathology of Everyday Life
B) The Interpretation of Dreams
C) Civilization and Its Discontents
D) Studies in Hysteria

Question 12

According to Freud,which of the following is true of the Oedipus complex?

A) It occurs only in female children.
B) It refers to a child's murderous impulses against the parent of the opposite sex.
C) If successfully resolved, it gives rise to the ego.
D) none of the above

Question 13

What term did Freud coin to refer to the idea that everything we do has meaning and purpose?

A) psychic determinism
B) primacy of the unconscious
C) primary process dominance
D) ego defense activation

Question 14

What did Charcot observe while using hypnosis to treat women with hysteria?

A) that their "hysterical" symptoms would sometimes recede
B) that they would sometimes recall traumatic experiences associated with the onset of their symptoms
C) both of the above
D) neither of the above

Question 15

What names did Freud give the two sets of instincts that serve as energy sources for humans?

A) pleasure; pain avoidance
B) Eros; Thanatos
C) Amo; Contemno
D) need; desire

Question 16

According to Freud,the positive and constructive aspects of human behavior,such as sex,hunger,and the creative arts,are attributable to

A) the superego.
B) the ego.
C) Thanatos.
D) Eros.

Question 17

The goal of therapy,according to Freudians,is to

A) challenge and correct irrational thought patterns.
B) change the frequency of certain target behaviors.
C) make the unconscious conscious.
D) achieve self-actualization.

Question 18

__________ influenced Freud by demonstrating the curative power of hypnosis.

A) Janet
B) Charcot
C) Breuer
D) Pierre

Question 19

According to Freud,a 6-month-old child who has developed normally is most likely to focus on what part of his or her body for gratification?

A) mouth
B) genitals
C) anal region
D) feet

Question 20

Why did Sigmund Freud pursue a private practice?

A) He knew that as a Jew he would probably not advance far in research/academia, which was rife with anti-Semitism.
B) As a clinical psychologist, he was following the career path that most other clinical psychologists of his time and place had followed.
C) An enduring interest in private practice is what prompted him to seek training in the first place.
D) none of the above

Question 21

Which of the following is considered to be the most basic of all the defense mechanisms?

A) fixation
B) projection
C) repression
D) regression

Question 22

According to Freudians,the interpretation of dreams involves an examination of the __________ of the dream to uncover the __________ of the dream.

A) latent content; manifest content
B) manifest content; latent content
C) unconscious content; conscious meaning
D) symbols; merits

Question 23

ALL BUT WHICH of the following situations may indicate resistance on the part of the client?

A) Art has spent much of the last couple sessions venting to the therapist about various political issues.
B) Renée reports a sudden, marked improvement in her symptoms, and asks what her therapist things about the idea of terminating treatment.
C) Victoria has been unable to make three of the last four scheduled sessions due to car problems, a tight deadline at work, and a bad sinus infection.
D) Any of the above may indicate resistance on the part of the client.

Question 24

Tate,who has hateful,aggressive impulses toward an important person in his life,accuses the other person of having exactly those feelings toward him.Freudians would label this action as

A) projection.
B) repression.
C) reaction formation.
D) regression.

Question 25

According to the psychosexual stages proposed by Freud,which of the following is most likely in a person characterized by excessive dependency?

A) smoking habit
B) workaholism
C) excessive cleanliness concerns
D) promiscuity

Question 26

According to Freud,a behavior like __________ typically occurs as an accident and is NOT the expression of an unconscious wish.

A) missing an appointment
B) a "slip of the tongue"
C) forgetting to return a phone call
D) none of the above

Question 27

Simone is a young woman with obsessive-compulsive symptoms.According to Freud,Simone probably failed to successfully negotiate the __________ stage of development.

A) oral
B) anal
C) genital
D) phallic

Question 28

According to Freud,__________ at any psychosexual stage will lead to problems in adult personality.

A) excessive frustration
B) overindulgence
C) either of the above
D) neither of the above

Question 29

When a psychoanalysis patient is reluctant to discuss,remember,or think about events that are threatening,Freudians label this as

A) transference.
B) catharsis.
C) resistance.
D) none of the above

Question 30

ALL BUT WHICH of the following is true of anxiety,as postulated by Freud?

A) It falls into one of four general classes.
B) It functions as a warning signal to the ego.
C) It is characterized by responses in several internal organs.
D) Each class of anxiety differs in terms of source, but not quality.

Question 31

A psychoanalysis patient who reacts to the therapist as if the therapist represented some important figure out of childhood is demonstrating

A) resistance.
B) transference.
C) insight.
D) working-through.

Question 32

When a psychoanalysis patient examines how many areas of his/her life have been influenced by feelings that had been unconscious prior to analysis,Freudians label this as

A) resistance.
B) working-through.
C) transference.
D) insight.

Question 33

Micah,who is in psychoanalysis,is nervous about the possibility that his id impulses will be expressed unchecked and thus cause trouble for him.The analyst probably labels this nervousness as

A) generalized anxiety disorder.
B) neurotic anxiety.
C) reality anxiety.
D) moral anxiety.

Question 34

Deirdre has been undergoing psychoanalysis for 6 months and is starting to become conscious of hostile feelings toward her mother.Rather than discussing these uncomfortable feelings during therapy,Deirdre focuses excessively on rather petty complaints about work.Analysts would probably recognize this behavior as

A) sociopathic.
B) resistance.
C) a "flight into health."
D) a reaction formation.

Question 35

While they are discussing Bernie's recently deceased father,Bernie's psychodynamically oriented therapist encourages Bernie to compose a letter to his father,telling him everything he had wanted to tell him,but had failed to tell him,while he was alive.Bernie comes back the next week and tells his therapist that although writing the letter was an exhausting and very emotional exercise,he now feels much calmer than he did before.What term would Freud use to describe Bernie's experience?

A) working through
B) transference
C) insight
D) catharsis

Question 36

At an unconscious level,Zeke is intrigued and titillated by pornography,yet he was among the loudest,most earnest protestors when the city council voted to give a business license to a retailer with a large selection of pornographic films and magazines.What defense mechanism seems to be operating in Zeke's case?

A) projection
B) reaction formation
C) fixation
D) sublimation

Question 37

Over the course of his psychotherapy,Jordan came to realize,with the help of his therapist,that his tendency to cut short and/or distance himself from several promising relationships was due to the sudden death of his younger sister years before,and his unconscious desire never to feel pain like that again.Following this realization,Jordan was able to initiate and maintain meaningful friendships.Psychoanalytic theorists would say that the therapy helped Jordan to

A) achieve insight.
B) experience catharsis.
C) interpret transference.
D) none of the above

Question 38

Defense mechanisms are produced by the

A) superego.
B) ego.
C) id.
D) personal unconscious.

Question 39

Tamara,who has hateful,aggressive impulses toward an important person in her life,pushes these feelings out of consciousness.Freudians would label this action as

A) regression.
B) repression.
C) projection.
D) reaction formation.

Question 40

Geoffrey's personality is characterized by the operation of very strong defense mechanisms.According to Freud,which of the following does not necessarily follow in this case?

A) Geoffrey has a weak superego.
B) Geoffrey's view of reality is at least somewhat distorted.
C) Geoffrey is unaware of the functioning of his defense mechanisms.
D) Geoffrey has less energy (relative to those without such strong defense mechanisms) for constructive pursuits.

Question 41

How do problems at each of Freud's psychosexual stages contribute to adult personality?

Question 42

Why is dream analysis important to psychoanalysis? Identify at least a couple challenges for the therapist analyzing a client's dreams.

Question 43

__________ is an abbreviation for the brief form of psychodynamic therapy that emphasizes social relationships.

A) RET
B) DBT
C) IPT
D) CISD

Question 44

Compare and contrast the three structures of personality proposed by Freud.

Question 45

Research on the curative factors of psychoanalytic psychotherapy highlights the importance of

A) the frequency of transference interpretations.
B) the facilitation of the "flight into health."
C) the quality and strength of the therapeutic alliance.
D) the accuracy of dream analysis.

Question 46

What is the purpose of defense mechanisms,according to Freud? Briefly identify and describe at least three separate defense mechanisms.

Question 47

At a psychology conference,Dr.Albers presents a paper extolling the virtues of psychoanalytic psychotherapy.Dr.Zerbolio,who is in the audience,is a staunch critic of psychoanalytic psychotherapy.ALL BUT WHICH is a valid criticism that could be offered by Dr.Zerbolio?

A) "Isn't it possible that by encouraging complete understanding-by spending so much time analyzing past behavior-the therapist and client delay making meaningful changes in the present?"
B) "If I'm not mistaken, the research is unclear on whether behavior change necessarily follows insight."
C) "Even if psychoanalytic psychotherapy is effective, it seems to me that it's simply too costly for more than a small percentage of individuals needing treatment."
D) "Based on my understanding, the research suggests that over half of clients receiving psychoanalytic psychotherapy report unsatisfactory relationships with their therapists."

Question 48

Recent reviews of psychodynamic psychotherapy

A) suggest that children and adolescents tend to experience more benefit than do adults.
B) indicate that the treatment appears to be efficacious for only depression.
C) both of the above
D) neither of the above

Question 49

Interpersonal psychotherapy

A) involves a psychotherapist taking a neutral, passive stance consistent with Freudian psychoanalysis.
B) has been empirically supported for some Axis II disorders, but no Axis I disorders.
C) focuses on problems in current relationships, rather than events from the remote past.
D) none of the above

Question 50

Object relations theorists tend to emphasize

A) conflicts among intrapsychic, instinctual forces.
B) the development of an integrated self.
C) the way the patient relates to other people.
D) none of the above

Question 51

Define both insight and working through,and tell how they relate to each other in psychoanalysis.

Question 52

Outline at least four ways that contemporary forms of psychoanalytic psychotherapy differ from Freudian psychoanalysis.

Question 53

A recent meta-analyses (Cuijpers et al.,2011)on the efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy for depression (IPT)found that

A) IPT was superior to no treatment.
B) IPT plus medication was no better than medication alone.
C) IPT was consistently superior to other psychotherapies for depression.
D) none of the above

Question 54

Interpretation

A) was used in Freudian psychoanalysis, but is rarely used in contemporary variations of psychoanalytic treatment.
B) typically must be offered several times to fully bring unconscious material into conscious awareness.
C) involves inducing the patient to understand thoughts or behaviors in a different manner.
D) more than one of the above

Question 55

What is transference,and how might a psychoanalyst facilitate it?

Question 56

Which of the following is true according to research on the interpretation of transference?

A) Better outcome is associated with a greater frequency of interpretations.
B) Transference interpretations are uniquely effective among interpretations.
C) Transference interpretations pose no threat to the therapeutic relationship.
D) none of the above

Question 57

Define resistance,and outline three distinct ways it might show up in therapy.In theory,what is the positive consequence of analyzing resistance in psychotherapy?

Question 58

What advice would you offer to a therapist on making interpretations in therapy? Be sure to make at least three separate recommendations.

Question 59

What does recent research suggest about the efficacy of psychodynamic psychotherapy? What appears to be its most curative element?

Question 60

Compared to Freudian psychoanalysis,contemporary forms of psychoanalytic psychotherapy

A) do not strictly require dream analysis or free association.
B) tend to emphasize early childhood less and the present situation more.
C) both of the above
D) neither of the above