Deck 1: An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Which organ system provides support, protection of soft tissue, mineral storage, and blood formation?

A) integumentary
B) muscular
C) skeletal
D) nervous
E) endocrine

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The analysis of the internal structure of individual cells is called

A) cytology.
B) histology.
C) embryology.
D) physiology.
E) anatomy.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The kidneys and ureters are organs of the ________ system.

A) endocrine
B) digestive
C) respiratory
D) urinary
E) lymphatic

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which organ system transports nutrients, metabolic wastes, gases, and defense cells?

A) cardiovascular
B) digestive
C) muscular
D) respiratory
E) urinary

Question 5

Identify the branch of biological science that deals with the study of how living organisms perform their vital functions.

A) genetics
B) physiology
C) embryology
D) anatomy
E) cytology

Question 6

The study of the relationships of the body's structures by examining cross sections of tissues or organsiscalled ________ anatomy.

A) gross
B) surface
C) systemic
D) regional
E) sectional

Question 7

The study of the changes in form that occur between conception and physical maturity is called ________anatomy.

A) developmental
B) clinical
C) systemic
D) embryological
E) physiological

Question 8

Which organ system includes the spleen and the tonsils?

A) digestive
B) endocrine
C) nervous
D) cardiovascular
E) lymphatic

Question 9

The study of the general form and superficial markings of an organism is called ________ anatomy.

A) gross
B) surface
C) systemic
D) regional
E) surgical

Question 10

Cardiovascular function is an example of

A) histophysiology.
B) organ physiology.
C) systemic physiology.
D) pathological physiology.
E) physiological chemistry.

Question 11

Identify the branch of biological science that studies the external and internal structure of the body and the physical relationship among body parts.

A) genetics
B) physiology
C) embryology
D) anatomy
E) cytology

Question 12

The study of the function of specific organ systems is called

A) systemic physiology.
B) organ physiology.
C) cell physiology.
D) pathological physiology.
E) histology.

Question 13

The study of the liver is to gross anatomy as the study of a liver cell is to

A) physiology.
B) regional anatomy.
C) cytology.
D) systemic anatomy.
E) radiographic anatomy.

Question 14

Which of the following is arranged in correct order from the most complex to the simplest?

A) cellular, tissue, molecular, system, organ, organism
B) molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism
C) tissue, cellular, molecular, organ, system, organism
D) organ, organism, molecular, cellular, tissue, system
E) organism, system, organ, tissue, cellular, molecular

Question 15

Anatomy is to ________ as physiology is to ________.

A) function; form
B) form; structure
C) structure; function
D) structure; form
E) growth; form

Question 16

The study of the anatomical organization of specific areas of the body is called ________ anatomy.

A) gross
B) surface
C) systemic
D) regional
E) clinical

Question 17

Anatomical features that change during illness are studied in ________ anatomy.

A) gross
B) surface
C) microscopic
D) pathological
E) regional

Question 18

The pituitary gland and thyroid gland are organs of the ________ system.

A) endocrine
B) cardiovascular
C) respiratory
D) lymphatic
E) digestive

Question 19

Which organ system removes carbon dioxide from the bloodstream?

A) cardiovascular
B) lymphatic
C) respiratory
D) digestive
E) endocrine

Question 20

The study of the first two months of development is termed

A) histology.
B) embryology.
C) cytology.
D) pathology.
E) organology.

Question 21

Skin, hair, and nails are associated with the ________ system.

A) skeletal
B) muscular
C) integumentary
D) endocrine
E) immune

Question 22

Which of the following regions corresponds to the buttocks?

A) pelvic
B) cephalic
C) gluteal
D) lumbar
E) thoracic

Question 23

Which of the following is not considered an abdominopelvic region?

A) right hypochondriac
B) right inguinal region
C) left lumbar
D) left hypochondriac
E) upper

Question 24

The chin is ________ to the nose.

A) anterior
B) superior
C) posterior
D) inferior
E) medial

Question 25

The wrist is ________ to the elbow.

A) proximal
B) distal
C) lateral
D) medial
E) horizontal

Question 26

An anatomical term that means the same as ventral is

A) posterior.
B) inferior.
C) abdominal.
D) anterior.
E) superior.

Question 27

Lungs are to the respiratory system as the liver is to the ________ system.

A) lymphatic
B) urinary
C) digestive
D) cardiovascular
E) nervous

Question 28

In general, the nervous system does each of the following except

A) help to maintain homeostasis.
B) respond rapidly to change.
C) direct long-term responses to change.
D) direct very specific responses.
E) interpret sensory information.

Question 29

Which of the following terms refers to the foot?

A) cervical
B) brachial
C) antebrachial
D) femoral
E) pedal

Question 30

Systemic physiology is

A) the study of the effects of diseases on system functions.
B) the study of the function of specific organs.
C) the study of the functional chemistry of cells.
D) the study of all aspects of the functioning of specific organs systems.
E) the study of functions of the whole human body.

Question 31

A person who is standing facing forward with hands at the sides and palms facing forward is in the ________position.

A) supine
B) prone
C) anatomical
D) frontal
E) sagittal

Question 32

________ serves as a worldwide official standard of anatomical vocabulary.

A) Gray's Anatomy
B) Terminologia Anatomica
C) Hippocratic Corpus
D) Anatomia Inteligencia
E) De Materia Medica

Question 33

A midsagittal section of the body would pass through the

A) kidney.
B) lung.
C) heart.
D) spleen.
E) leg.

Question 34

Which one of the following is not a characteristic of the endocrine system?

A) releases chemical messengers called hormones
B) produces a more rapid response than the nervous system
C) produces effects that last for days or longer
D) produces an effect that involves several organs or tissues at the same time
E) important homeostatic system

Question 35

The quadrants of the abdominopelvic region include all of the following except

A) right upper quadrant (RUQ).
B) right lower quadrant (RLQ).
C) left upper quadrant (LUQ).
D) left lower quadrant (LLQ).
E) pelvic quadrant.

Question 36

Many medical terms are rooted in

A) Latin.
B) German.
C) Greek.
D) Phoenician.
E) Greek or Latin.

Question 37

Anatomy uses a special language, called ________ terminology, which involves the use of word roots, prefixes, suffixes, and combining forms to construct terms related to the body in health and disease.

A) clinical
B) pathological
C) medical
D) anatomical
E) surgical

Question 38

The heart is ________ to the lungs.

A) lateral
B) medial
C) posterior
D) proximal
E) distal

Question 39

A chemical imbalance in the body can cause the heart to stop pumping blood, which in turn will cause othertissues and organs to cease functioning. This observation supports the view that

A) all organisms are composed of cells.
B) all levels of organization within an organism are interdependent.
C) chemical molecules make up cells.
D) blood has magical properties.
E) congenital defects can be life-threatening.

Question 40

Which plane divides the body into right and left parts?

A) proximal
B) frontal
C) orthogonal
D) transverse
E) sagittal

Question 41

The common name for the patella is the

A) forehead.
B) knee.
C) heel.
D) palm of the hand.
E) chin.

Question 42

The common term for the buccal region is the

A) back.
B) waist.
C) breast.
D) cheeks.
E) buttocks.

Question 43

While standing erect, the direction of caudal is

A) toward the head.
B) toward the heel.
C) lateral to the trunk.
D) medial to the sides.
E) posterior to the head.

Question 44

While standing in the anatomical position,

A) front refers to anterior.
B) front refers to ventral.
C) back refers to posterior.
D) back refers to dorsal.
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 45

A cut parallel to the midsagittal plane would produce a(n) ________ section.

A) frontal
B) transverse
C) oblique
D) parasagittal
E) coronal

Question 46

A person lying face down is in the ________ position.

A) anatomical
B) prone
C) supine
D) ventral
E) prostrate

Question 47

Which of the following organs is described as retroperitoneal?

A) stomach
B) kidney
C) urinary bladder
D) large intestine
E) spleen

Question 48

A person lying on the bed and gazing at the ceiling is in the ________ position.

A) prone
B) supine
C) anatomical
D) dorsal
E) caudal

Question 49

The abdominopelvic region that is immediately superior to the hypogastric region is the

A) umbilical region.
B) left hypochondriac region.
C) right inguinal region.
D) epigastric region.
E) left lumbar region.

Question 50

The serous membrane covering the stomach and most of the intestines is called the

A) pericardium.
B) peritoneum.
C) pleura.
D) mediastinum.
E) abdomen.

Question 51

The right pleural cavity contains

A) the heart.
B) the trachea.
C) the left lung.
D) the right lung.
E) both lungs.

Question 52

The common term for the carpal region is the

A) wrist.
B) fingers.
C) ankle.
D) shin.
E) chest.

Question 53

The plane that separates the abdominal and the pelvic cavities is

A) the mediastinum.
B) sagittal on the brachium.
C) transverse at the hips.
D) midsagittal on the trunk.
E) superior to the thorax.

Question 54

The abdominopelvic region that is immediately superior to the umbilical region is the

A) hypogastric region.
B) left hypochondriac region.
C) right inguinal region.
D) epigastric region.
E) left lumbar region.

Question 55

The thoracic cavity contains the

A) coelom.
B) pericardial cavity.
C) pelvic cavity.
D) pleural cavities.
E) pericardial and pleural cavities.

Question 56

Terms of anatomical direction are used to describe

A) one body part in relation to another.
B) surgical procedures.
C) a supine position.
D) the nervous system.
E) living matter.

Question 57

The liver is primarily located in the ________ quadrant.

A) right upper
B) left upper
C) right lower
D) left lower
E) hepatic

Question 58

The urinary bladder is found in the ________ quadrant and the ________ quadrant.

A) right upper; right lower
B) left upper; left lower
C) left upper; right upper
D) right lower; left lower

Question 59

The diaphragm muscle separates the ________ from the ________.

A) pleural cavity; mediastinum
B) thoracic cavity; abdominopelvic cavity
C) pericardial cavity; pleural cavity
D) abdominal cavity; pelvic cavity
E) pericardial sac; pericardial cavity

Question 60

The common name for the pollex is the

A) ear lobe.
B) belly.
C) big toe.
D) hand.
E) thumb.

Question 61

If a response increases a disturbance, the control system is classified as a ________ feedback system.

A) deficit
B) negative
C) neutral
D) polarized
E) positive

Question 62

The imaging technique that assesses metabolic and physiological activity of a structure is called a

A) PET scan.
B) ultrasound.
C) digital subtraction angiography.
D) MRI.
E) CT scan.

Question 63

The process that occurs when a cell, tissue, organ, or organ system adjusts in response to some environmental change is

A) negative feedback.
B) positive feedback.
C) homeostatic equilibrium.
D) dynamic equilibrium.
E) autoregulation.

Question 64

The ________ is the membrane that covers the internal organs.

A) parietal serosa
B) visceral serosa
C) mucous membrane
D) cutaneous membrane
E) serous membrane

Question 65

When body temperature rises, a center in the brain initiates physiological changes to decrease the bodytemperature. This is an example of

A) negative feedback.
B) positive feedback.
C) nonhomeostatic regulation.
D) diagnostic regulation.
E) fever.

Question 66

The tendency for physiological systems to stabilize internal conditions is called

A) self-regulation.
B) homeostasis.
C) equilibriosis.
D) hemopoiesis.
E) amplification.

Question 67

The imaging technique that builds an image by using sound waves reflected by internal structures is calleda

A) PET scan.
B) ultrasound.
C) digital subtraction angiography.
D) MRI.
E) CT scan.

Question 68

Identify the structure located within the mediastinum.

A) pericardial cavity
B) small intestine
C) lung
D) spleen
E) stomach

Question 69

Which of the following imaging techniques is used to monitor blood flow through specific organs, such asthe brain, heart, lungs, and kidneys?

A) PET scan
B) ultrasound
C) digital subtraction angiography
D) MRI
E) CT scan

Question 70

A cell or an organ that responds to commands of the control center in negative feedback is termed a(n)

A) receptor.
B) thermoregulator.
C) hypothalamus.
D) effector.
E) stimulus.

Question 71

________ results from the activities of the nervous or endocrine system.

A) Self-regulation
B) Automatic regulation
C) Intrinsic regulation
D) Extrinsic regulation
E) Autoregulation

Question 72

This type of feedback exaggerates the effects of variations from normal.

A) negative
B) positive
C) neutral
D) depressing
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 73

Which of the following imaging techniques causes particles within atoms to line up in uniform directionallowing the imaging of soft tissue?

A) PET scan
B) ultrasound
C) digital subtraction angiography
D) MRI
E) CT scan

Question 74

The maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment in an organism is termed

A) positive feedback.
B) homeostasis.
C) negative feedback.
D) effector control.
E) integration.

Question 75

Visceral pericardium is located

A) on the heart itself.
B) lining the pleural cavity.
C) lining the pericardial cavity.
D) on the lung itself.
E) lining the peritoneal cavity.

Question 76

Homeostatic regulation usually involves a(n) ________ that detects a particular stimulus, and a(n) ________that responds to the stimulus by communicating with a(n) ________ whose activity has an effect on the same stimulus.

A) control center; effector; receptor
B) receiver; communicator; effector
C) receptor; control center; effector
D) effector; receiver; communicator
E) control center; receiver; effector

Question 77

The ________ is the membrane that covers the inner surface of cavity walls.

A) parietal serosa
B) visceral serosa
C) mucous membrane
D) cutaneous membrane
E) serous membrane

Question 78

If a response decreases a disturbance, the control system is classified as a ________ feedback system.

A) deficit
B) negative
C) neutral
D) polarized
E) positive

Question 79

The mediastinum

A) contains the pleural cavities.
B) separates the pleural cavities.
C) contains the pericardial cavity.
D) contains the pleural cavities and pericardial cavity.
E) separates the pleural cavities and includes the pericardial cavity.

Question 80

The central principle of physiology is

A) nutrition.
B) reflexes.
C) homeostasis.
D) stimulation.
E) temperature regulation.