Deck 3: The Cellular Level of Organization

Question 1

The cell theory includes all of these concepts except

A) each cell maintains homeostasis at the cellular level.
B) cells are the smallest units that carry out the essential functions of life.
C) cells are the building blocks of all organisms.
D) all cells come from the division of preexisting cells.
E) every cell is capable of living on its own if isolated from the body.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

The smallest living unit within the human body is

A) a protein.
B) a cell.
C) a tissue.
D) an organ.
E) an organ system.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What is the first part of the cell that is affected when the pH of extracellular fluid changes?

A) the nucleus
B) the nucleolus
C) the cytosol
D) the plasma membrane
E) the cytoskeleton

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Figure 3-1 The Plasma membrane
Use Figure 3-1 to answer the following questions.
What part of the plasma membrane is hydrophobic?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
E) 6

Question 5

What is an advantage of the electron microscope over the compound light microscope?

A) It can function in complete darkness.
B) It is older, more reliable technology.
C) It is less expensive.
D) It allows much greater magnification of a specimen.
E) It is portable.

Question 6

Which of the following is not a function of membrane proteins?

A) bind to ligands
B) regulate the passage of ions
C) act as carrier molecules for various solutes
D) act as anchors or stabilizers for the cell membrane
E) store cellular nutrients

Question 7

The plasma membrane does not include

A) integral proteins.
B) glycolipids.
C) phospholipids.
D) cholesterol.
E) silk mesh.

Question 8

If a hole is torn in a cell's plasma membrane, the cell will die because

A) it will not be able to maintain differences between the cytoplasm and extracellular fluid.
B) germs are attracted toward cytoplasm leaking from a cell.
C) it will not be able to undergo cell division.
D) its chromosomes will not be held in place.
E) cells can only make more plasma membrane during cell division.

Question 9

The only kind of cell in the body that is not produced by the division of preexisting cells is

A) a gamete (sperm or egg cell).
B) a neuron (nerve cell).
C) an osteocyte (bone cell).
D) none, because every cell is produced by the division of another cell.
E) a liver cell.

Question 10

Identify the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane.

A) enables ions to pass
B) forms enzymes
C) reduces membrane fluidity and permeability
D) anchors the phospholipids
E) provides energy

Question 11

What would be an example of a cell maintaining homeostasis at the cellular level?

A) a cell of the intestine secretes digestive enzymes
B) a muscle cell contracts
C) a sperm fertilizes an egg
D) a cell takes up potassium to maintain the proper cytoplasmic potassium concentration
E) a cell divides to become two cells

Question 12

What is a structure that separates the contents of a human cell from its surrounding medium?

A) cell wall
B) tissue
C) plasma membrane
D) skin
E) nucleus

Question 13

The extracellular fluid in most tissues is called ________ fluid.

A) interstitial
B) cytosolic
C) cytoplasmic
D) outside
E) peripheral

Question 14

Most cells have only one

A) nucleus.
B) ribosome.
C) peroxisome.
D) lysosome.
E) mitochondrion.

Question 15

Functions of the plasma membrane include all of the following except

A) separation of the cytoplasm from the extracellular fluid.
B) regulation of exchange of materials with the extracellular environment.
C) sensitivity to chemical changes in the extracellular fluid.
D) thermal insulation.
E) structural support.

Question 16

Most of the surface area of a plasma membrane consists of

A) a protein bilayer.
B) a phospholipid bilayer.
C) carbohydrate molecules.
D) DNA.
E) cells.

Question 17

How is the plasma membrane involved in structural support of body tissues?

A) It has specialized connections to other cells or extracellular materials.
B) It primarily consists of fibrous proteins.
C) It is inflated by cytoplasm at high pressure.
D) Tissues are largely composed of empty plasma membranes left by dead cells.
E) It is hydrophobic, so it repels extracellular fluid and attracts the membranes of other cells.

Question 18

________ cells are all of the cells of the body except the reproductive cells (sperm and oocytes).

A) Core
B) Somatic
C) Corpus
D) Main
E) Primary

Question 19

Cytology is the study of

A) biological macromolecules.
B) causes and treatment of cancer.
C) the origins of life on Earth.
D) genes and their function.
E) the structure and function of cells.

Question 20

The tails of a phospholipid molecule in a plasma membrane are

A) hydrophilic.
B) composed of amino acids.
C) hydrophobic.
D) facing the cytosol.
E) interlocked to provide membrane strength.

Question 21

The endoplasmic reticulum is an example of a(n) ________ organelle.

A) filamentous
B) extracellular
C) interstitial
D) membranous
E) bound

Question 22

Each of the following is an example of a nonmembranous organelle except

A) lysosomes.
B) cilia.
C) centrioles.
D) ribosomes.
E) cytoskeleton.

Question 23

Water and small hydrophilic solutes

A) may pass through the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane.
B) cannot pass through a plasma membrane.
C) can dissolve holes in the plasma membrane.
D) may pass through channels in the plasma membrane.
E) do not mix with each other.

Question 24

________ are compartments within the cell whose contents are isolated from the cytosol.

A) Cytoskeleton
B) Microvilli
C) Nonmembranous organelles
D) Membranous organelles
E) Ribosomes

Question 25

Which of the following descriptors regarding cytoplasm is false?

A) contains less protein than extracellular fluid
B) the material that fills a cell
C) syrupy or gel-like consistency
D) includes cytoskeleton
E) includes cytosol

Question 26

Masses of insoluble material that are sometimes found in cytosol are known as

A) colloids.
B) emulsifiers.
C) solutes.
D) crystals.
E) inclusions.

Question 27

The watery component of the cytoplasm is called

A) cytosol.
B) protoplasm.
C) extracellular fluid.
D) interstitial fluid.
E) matrix.

Question 28

Proteins of the plasma membrane carry out all of the following functions except

A) binding to DNA to turn on genes.
B) sending and receiving signals to and from other cells.
C) transporting substances across the membrane.
D) anchoring the cell to external structures.
E) catalyzing chemical reactions at the inner or outer surface of the membrane.

Question 29

Match the organelle (1-4) with the correct description (5-8).
1) mitochondrion 5) synthesizing molecules
2) centriole 6) liquid in cell
3) endoplasmic reticulum 7) provides cell with energy
4) cytosol 8) aids the formation of the spindle apparatus

A) 1 and 7, 2 and 6, 3 and 8, 4 and 5
B) 1 and 8, 2 and 5, 3 and 6, 4 and 7
C) 1 and 7, 2 and 8, 3 and 5, 4 and 6
D) 1 and 5, 2 and 6, 3 and 7, 4 and 8
E) 1 and 6, 2 and 8, 3 and 5, 4 and 7

Question 30

Receptor molecules on the surface of cells bind specific molecules called, in general,

A) recognizers.
B) binders.
C) ligands.
D) bonders.
E) reactants.

Question 31

Identify the mismatched pair.

A) receptor proteins-bind to extracellular ligands
B) channel proteins-provide passageway for ions
C) recognition glycoproteins and glycolipids-identify the cell as "self"
D) carrier proteins-allow a cell to move
E) enzymes-speed up chemical reactions

Question 32

Many proteins in the cytosol are ________ that accelerate metabolic reactions.

A) carbohydrates
B) enzymes
C) lipids
D) messengers
E) ions

Question 33

The cytoplasm contains the fluid cytosol, insoluble inclusions, and the

A) microvilli.
B) nucleolus.
C) enzymes.
D) organelles.
E) cilia.

Question 34

Membrane proteins perform all of the following functions except

A) anchoring the cell to other structures.
B) binding to extracellular ligands.
C) transporting solutes across the membrane.
D) catalyzing chemical reactions.
E) metabolizing glucose to gain energy.

Question 35

Figure 3-1 The Plasma membrane
Use Figure 3-1 to answer the following questions.
Which structure has a "gate" to control transport?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 7
E) 8

Question 36

Figure 3-1 The Plasma membrane
Use Figure 3-1 to answer the following questions.
Which structure is water most likely to pass through?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 8

Question 37

Figure 3-1 The Plasma membrane
Use Figure 3-1 to answer the following questions.
Microfilaments are labeled

A) 1.
B) 2.
C) 3.
D) 5.
E) 6.

Question 38

Microfilaments do not

A) anchor the cytoskeleton to membrane proteins.
B) help determine the consistency of cytoplasm.
C) produce cell movement, with myosin.
D) consist of the protein called actin.
E) distribute chromosomes to opposite ends of a dividing cell.

Question 39

Tubulin is to microtubules as actin is to

A) ribosomes.
B) microfilaments.
C) intermediate filaments.
D) flagella.
E) microvilli.

Question 40

Compared to the extracellular fluid, cytosol contains

A) a higher concentration of potassium ions.
B) a lower concentration of dissolved proteins.
C) almost no glycogen.
D) a higher concentration of amino acids.
E) almost no lipids.

Question 41

Microfilaments

A) are usually composed of myosin.
B) are hollow, filamentous structures.
C) anchor the cytoskeleton to integral proteins of the cell membrane.
D) interact with filaments composed of tubulin to produce muscle contractions.
E) are found in the cytoplasm radiating away from the centrosome.

Question 42

The ________ is the microtubule organizing center of the cell.

A) flagellum
B) ribosome
C) nucleus
D) centrosome
E) plasma membrane

Question 43

Proteosomes ________ proteins that have been damaged or denatured.

A) tag for destruction by a different organelle
B) break down
C) expel from the cell
D) repair
E) duplicate

Question 44

Figure 3-2 The Anatomy of a Representative Cell
Use Figure 3-2 to answer the following questions:
Synthesis of carbohydrates and lipids occurs in the structure labeled

A) 4.
B) 5.
C) 6.
D) 7.
E) 8.

Question 45

Figure 3-2 The Anatomy of a Representative Cell
Use Figure 3-2 to answer the following questions:
Which structure produces ATP for the cell?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 5
E) 6

Question 46

Motile cilia move fluids across a cell's surface, while a flagellum

A) cools a cell.
B) is not motile.
C) fastens one cell to another.
D) propels a cell through fluid.
E) detects environmental stimuli.

Question 47

Microvilli are found on cells of the inner surface of the small intestine, where they

A) slow the movement of food through the digestive tract.
B) increase the absorption of nutrients from digested food.
C) sense the presence of food in the digestive tract.
D) push food along the digestive tract.
E) protect the intestinal lining from irritants or toxins in the food.

Question 48

Which of following properties of the cytoskeleton is incorrect?

A) supports organelles
B) controls cell shape
C) provides cell strength
D) connects cells to each other
E) moves organelles

Question 49

________ may be scattered in the cytoplasm or bound to endoplasmic reticulum.

A) Mitochondria
B) Ribosomes
C) Vesicles
D) Proteosomes
E) Nuclei

Question 50

Figure 3-2 The Anatomy of a Representative Cell
Use Figure 3-2 to answer the following questions:
The structure labeled "1" permits the cell to

A) attach to neighboring cells.
B) produce more cells.
C) increase its surface area for increased absorption.
D) swim in extracellular fluid.
E) trap bacteria.

Question 51

Cilia and flagella contain nine pairs of ________ surrounding a central pair.

A) microvilli
B) microfilaments
C) microsomes
D) microtubules
E) intermediate filaments

Question 52

Figure 3-2 The Anatomy of a Representative Cell
Use Figure 3-2 to answer the following questions:
Which organelle renews the cell membrane and modifies and packages proteins for secretion?

A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) 7
E) 8

Question 53

Centrioles form the basal bodies that anchor microtubules within cilia and

A) flagella.
B) microfilaments.
C) microvilli.
D) ribosomes.
E) chromosomes.

Question 54

Ribosomes are composed of protein and

A) glycogen.
B) rRNA.
C) ATP.
D) DNA.
E) steroids.

Question 55

________ are responsible for identifying and digesting damaged or denatured proteins.

A) Peroxisomes
B) Proteasomes
C) Lysosomes
D) Endosomes
E) Nucleosomes

Question 56

Figure 3-2 The Anatomy of a Representative Cell
Use Figure 3-2 to answer the following questions:
Which structure organizes the mitotic spindle during cell division?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 5
E) 6

Question 57

The "r" in rRNA stands for

A) regeneration.
B) recurrence.
C) rebuilding.
D) ribosomal.
E) radiation.

Question 58

Which of the following cytoskeleton components moves the chromosomes during cell division?

A) microfilaments
B) intermediate filaments
C) thick filaments
D) microtubules
E) basal bodies

Question 59

Which of following properties of microtubules is correct?

A) made of myosin
B) made of actin
C) found only in the terminal web
D) another term for microfilaments
E) interact with dynein and kinesin

Question 60

If an animal cell lacked centrioles, it would not be able to

A) move.
B) synthesize proteins.
C) produce DNA.
D) metabolize sugars.
E) divide.

Question 61

Which of the following statements about the Golgi apparatus is false?

A) It receives transport vesicles from the RER.
B) It sends transport vesicles to the RER.
C) It produces lysosomes.
D) It supplies new membrane components.
E) It produces secretory vesicles.

Question 62

Which form of endoplasmic reticulum modifies and packages newly synthesized proteins?

A) all forms of endoplasmic reticulum
B) simple endoplasmic reticulum
C) raised endoplasmic reticulum
D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
E) rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 63

Which of the following consists of a network of intracellular membranes with attached ribosomes?

A) rough endoplasmic reticulum
B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) mitochondria
D) nucleoli
E) Golgi apparatus

Question 64

Examination of a sample of glandular cells reveals an extensive network of smooth endoplasmic reticulum.Which of the following is the likeliest product of these cells?

A) digestive enzymes
B) steroid hormones
C) protein hormones
D) transport proteins
E) antibodies

Question 65

The endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for all of the following except

A) drug and toxin neutralization.
B) lipid synthesis.
C) modification of new proteins.
D) passing molecules to the Golgi apparatus.
E) housing the chromosomes.

Question 66

Which of the following statements concerning mitochondria is false?

A) The cristae increase the inner surface area of the organelle.
B) The matrix contains metabolic enzymes involved in ATP synthesis.
C) Respiratory enzymes are attached to the surface of the cristae.
D) The mitochondria produce oxygen in the process of energy transformation.
E) The mitochondria produce most of a cell's ATP.

Question 67

When activated, lysosomes function in

A) formation of new cell membranes.
B) synthesis of proteins.
C) digestion of materials.
D) synthesis of lipids.
E) cell division.

Question 68

The control center for cellular operations is the

A) nucleus.
B) mitochondria.
C) Golgi apparatus.
D) endoplasmic reticulum.
E) ribosome.

Question 69

Most of a cell's DNA is located in its

A) ribosomes.
B) lysosomes.
C) Golgi apparatus.
D) nucleus.
E) nucleolus.

Question 70

Macrophages are cells that engulf and consume germs or debris. What organelle must be especially plentifulin these cells?

A) centrioles
B) lysosomes
C) mitochondria
D) ribosomes
E) nuclei

Question 71

The following is a list of the steps involved in the process of secretion by the Golgi apparatus. What is the proper order for these steps?
1) Cisternae move from the forming face toward the maturing face.
2) Exocytosis
3) Products from RER are packaged into transport vesicles.
4) Secretory vesicles are formed at the maturing face.
5) Vesicles arrive at the forming face.
6) Enzymes modify arriving proteins and glycoproteins

A) 5, 6, 1, 4, 2, 3
B) 2, 3, 5, 6, 1, 4
C) 4, 3, 1, 6, 5, 2
D) 3, 5, 6, 1, 4, 2
E) 1, 3, 6, 4, 2, 5

Question 72

Some cells contain large numbers of mitochondria while others have relatively few or none. This suggeststhat

A) cells with large numbers of mitochondria are short-lived.
B) cells with large numbers of mitochondria have a high energy demand.
C) cells with small numbers of mitochondria have a large ATP supply.
D) cells with large numbers of mitochondria have a low energy demand.
E) some cells are older than others.

Question 73

Peroxisomes

A) both generate and break down hydrogen peroxide.
B) pull the chromosomes toward the poles of a dividing cell.
C) manufacture proteins.
D) manufacture most of a cell's ATP.
E) contain the genetic information of a cell.

Question 74

The ________ typically consists of five or six flattened membranous discs called cisternae.

A) centrioles
B) rough endoplasmic reticulum
C) Golgi apparatus
D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
E) mitochondria

Question 75

Organelles that break down fatty acids and hydrogen peroxide are

A) lysosomes.
B) peroxisomes.
C) endocytic vesicles.
D) nuclei.
E) toxisomes.

Question 76

In addition to secreting products from the cell, vesicles produced by the Golgi apparatus can

A) house chromosomes.
B) produce ATP.
C) synthesize proteins.
D) add new material to the plasma membrane.
E) transport materials to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 77

Most of the ATP required to power cellular operations is produced in the

A) cytoplasm.
B) endoplasmic reticulum.
C) nucleus.
D) mitochondria.
E) cilia.

Question 78

Synthesis of lipids and glycogen takes place at the

A) ribosomes.
B) rough ER.
C) smooth ER.
D) Golgi apparatus.
E) mitochondria.

Question 79

What is the source of new material for the plasma membrane?

A) microtubules
B) mitochondria
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) ribosomes
E) Golgi apparatus

Question 80

Each of the following is a function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum except

A) storage and release of calcium ions.
B) synthesis of protein.
C) synthesis of steroid hormones.
D) synthesis of triglycerides.
E) detoxification of drugs.