Deck 5: The Integumentary System

Question 1

While walking barefoot on the beach, Joe stepped on a thorn that penetrated through the sole of his foottothe dermis. How many layers of epidermis did the thorn penetrate?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Answer 1

E

Question 2

The layer of the skin that provides a barrier against bacteria as well as chemical and mechanical injuriesis the

A) dermis.
B) subcutaneous layer.
C) epidermis.
D) stratum basale.
E) sebaceous layer.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

All of the following are true of epidermal ridges except that they

A) extend into the hypodermis.
B) increase surface area and friction on fingertips.
C) cause ridge patterns on the surface of the skin.
D) produce patterns that are determined partially genetically.
E) interconnect with the dermal papillae.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Water loss due to evaporation of fluid that has penetrated through the skin is called ________ perspiration.

A) sensible
B) insensible
C) latent
D) active
E) inactive

Question 5

Each of the following is a function of the integumentary system except

A) protection of underlying tissue.
B) excretion of salts and wastes.
C) maintenance of body temperature.
D) synthesis of vitamin C.
E) detection of sensations.

Question 6

Water loss from insensible perspiration

A) is unaffected by damage to the epidermis.
B) is too small to be measured reliably.
C) is approximately 0.5 liters a day.
D) always exceeds sensible perspiration.
E) depends on apocrine sweat glands.

Question 7

The tough superficial layer of the epidermis is known as the stratum

A) corneum.
B) lucidum.
C) basale.
D) granulosum.
E) spinosum.

Question 8

Which of following is not an accessory structure of the integumentary system?

A) sweat glands
B) hair follicles
C) exocrine glands
D) nails
E) dermis

Question 9

Characteristics of the epidermis include

A) multilayered.
B) flexible.
C) contains desmosomes.
D) serves as UV radiation protection.
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 10

The layer of stem cells that constantly divide to renew the epidermis is the

A) stratum corneum.
B) stratum basale.
C) papillary layer.
D) basal lamina.
E) stratum granulosum.

Question 11

The epidermis of the skin is composed of what type of tissue?

A) keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
B) simple squamous epithelium
C) transitional epithelium
D) areolar connective tissue
E) nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 12

The protein that reduces water loss at the skin surface is

A) eleidin.
B) collagen.
C) mucin.
D) keratin.
E) melanin.

Question 13

Accumulations of fluid within the epidermis or between the epidermis and the dermis is/are called

A) keloids.
B) scabs.
C) blisters.
D) scars.
E) pus.

Question 14

________ are cells in the epidermis that are part of the immune system.

A) Dendritic cells
B) Basal cells
C) Merkel cells
D) Squamous cells
E) Melanocytes

Question 15

The largest quantities of keratin are found in the epidermal layer called the stratum

A) corneum.
B) lucidum.
C) basale.
D) granulosum.
E) spinosum.

Question 16

Rapid water loss from burned skin is an extreme form of ________ perspiration.

A) imprudent
B) non-sense
C) impractical
D) vacuous
E) insensible

Question 17

Thin skin contains ________ epidermal layer(s) and thick skin contains ________ layers.

A) 1; 2
B) 2; 3
C) 3; 4
D) 4; 5
E) 5; 6

Question 18

The type of cells that form the strata in the epidermis are

A) adipocytes.
B) keratinocytes.
C) fibroblasts.
D) melanocytes.
E) dendritic cells.

Question 19

The layer of the epidermis that contains several layers of living cells connected by abundant desmosomesisthe stratum

A) corneum.
B) lucidum.
C) basale.
D) granulosum.
E) spinosum.

Question 20

The two components of the integumentary system are the

A) epidermis and dermis.
B) cutaneous membrane and hypodermis.
C) cutaneous membrane and accessory structures.
D) integument and hypodermis.
E) epidermis and superficial fascia.

Question 21

All of the following are true of the subcutaneous layer except it

A) contains many blood vessels.
B) permits independent movement of deeper structures.
C) contains large amounts of adipose tissue.
D) is attached to the dermis by a basement membrane.
E) is well supplied with nerves that pass into the skin.

Question 22

The drug tretinoin (Retin-A)

A) reduces the appearance of fine wrinkles.
B) minimizes scarring after surgery.
C) stimulates hair growth.
D) improves night vision.
E) is used to treat dandruff.

Question 23

The layer of epidermis where most cells have stopped dividing and started making large amounts of keratin is the

A) stratum spinosum.
B) stratum corneum.
C) stratum granulosum.
D) stratum lucidum.
E) stratum basale.

Question 24

Which tissue is located in the region labeled "2"?

A) stratified squamous epithelium
B) areolar connective tissue
C) adipose tissue
D) cartilage and blood
E) reticular connective tissues

Question 25

The amount of time it takes for a cell to progress from stratum basale to stratum corneum is

A) 7-10 days.
B) 14 days.
C) 5 days.
D) 1 day.
E) 1 minute.

Question 26

The layer of epidermis where keratohyalin crosslinks keratin fibers is the

A) stratum spinosum.
B) stratum corneum.
C) stratum granulosum.
D) stratum lucidum.
E) stratum basale.

Question 27

Figure 5-1 The Components of the Integumentary System
Use Figure 5-1 to answer the following questions:
Adipose tissue is a major component of the region labeled

A) 1.
B) 2.
C) 3.
D) 4.
E) 5.

Question 28

The subpapillary plexus is

A) a network of nerves in the cutaneous membrane.
B) a superficial network of dermal arteries.
C) a deep network of dermal arteries along the boundary of the reticular layer.
D) a neural plexus responsible for deep pressure.
E) a network of arteries in the epidermis.

Question 29

Figure 5-1 The Components of the Integumentary System
Use Figure 5-1 to answer the following questions:
Which layer is the primary barrier against environmental hazards?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 30

The layer of the skin that contains bundles of collagen and elastic fibers responsible for the strengthofthe skin is the ________ layer.

A) papillary
B) reticular
C) epidermal
D) subcutaneous
E) hypodermal

Question 31

Skin inflammation that primarily involves the papillary layer is termed

A) papillitis.
B) dermatitis.
C) epidermatitis.
D) superficialis.
E) melanocytis.

Question 32

What are the dermal sensory structures that sense deep pressure?

A) Meissner's corpuscles
B) lamellar corpuscle
C) tactile corpuscles
D) tactile dics
E) Merkel cells

Question 33

Figure 5-1 The Components of the Integumentary System
Use Figure 5-1 to answer the following questions:
From what structure does sensible perspiration occur?

A) 6
B) 7
C) 8
D) 9
E) 10

Question 34

Stretch marks occur when

A) the skin is stretched in normal movements.
B) surgical incisions are made perpendicular to the skin's lines of cleavage.
C) the skin is so extensively stretched that its elastic limits are exceeded.
D) athletes overextend a muscle.
E) individual epidermal layers separate.

Question 35

A surgical incision parallel to the lines of cleavage

A) closes and heals with relatively little scarring.
B) has a tendency to reopen.
C) heals slower than incisions made perpendicular to the lines of cleavage.
D) does not affect the healing process.
E) requires no sutures.

Question 36

While assessing a patient, you discover that after pinching the skin on the back of the hand, it remainspeaked. This is a sign of

A) hydration intoxication.
B) water intoxication.
C) dehydration.
D) advanced skin cancer.
E) malfunctioning elastin.

Question 37

All of the following contain blood vessels except the

A) epidermis.
B) papillary layer.
C) reticular layer.
D) subcutaneous layer.
E) hypodermis.

Question 38

The sensory cells associated with the deep layers of the epidermis are

A) Pacinian corpuscles.
B) Merkel cells.
C) melanocytes.
D) Meissner's corpuscles.
E) keratinocytes.

Question 39

The cutaneous plexus is

A) a network of nerves in the cutaneous membrane.
B) a superficial network of dermal arteries.
C) a deep network of dermal arteries along the boundary of the reticular layer.
D) a neural plexus responsible for deep pressure.
E) a network of arteries in the epidermis.

Question 40

Figure 5-1 The Components of the Integumentary System
Use Figure 5-1 to answer the following questions:
Which layer contains most of the accessory structures?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 41

Which of the following is formed in the skin when it is exposed to sunlight?

A) vitamin A
B) vitamin B
C) vitamin C
D) vitamin D
E) vitamin E

Question 42

The ________ in keratinocytes protects the epidermis and dermis from the harmful effects of sunlight.

A) sebum
B) hemoglobin
C) melanin
D) carotene
E) keratin

Question 43

Which of the following is not an effect of ultraviolet radiation?

A) increased activity by melanocytes
B) production of cholecalciferol within epidermal cells
C) reduced amounts of elastic fibers in the dermis
D) chromosomal damage in germinative cells or melanocytes
E) loss in skin pigmentation as seen in vitiligo

Question 44

Which of the following causes yellowing of the skin?

A) vitiligo
B) pituitary tumor affecting melanocyte stimulating hormone
C) Addison's disease
D) cyanosis
E) faulty bile excretion in the liver

Question 45

Vitamin D3 is important for proper ________ development.

A) skin
B) bone
C) muscle
D) vision
E) neural

Question 46

The most dangerous type of skin cancer is called

A) keratosis.
B) psoriasis.
C) squamous cell carcinoma.
D) melanoma.
E) basal cell carcinoma.

Question 47

The pigment found in vegetables that can make the skin appear orange or yellow is called

A) cadmium.
B) carotene.
C) hemoglobin.
D) keratin.
E) melanin.

Question 48

Cyanosis signifies that a patient has

A) had too much sun.
B) been kept out of the sun.
C) an allergic reaction.
D) oxygen-starved skin.
E) been exposed to cyanide.

Question 49

A deficiency disease that illustrates the effect of integumentary system function on the structure of the skeletal system is

A) osteoporosis.
B) seborrheic dermatitis.
C) decubitus ulcers.
D) rickets.
E) beriberi.

Question 50

The layer of loose connective tissue deep to the dermis is the

A) epidermis.
B) subcutaneous layer.
C) hyperdermis.
D) deep fascia.
E) reticular layer.

Question 51

The primary pigments contained in the epidermis are

A) carotene, hemoglobin, and xanthophyll.
B) carotene, eumelanin, and pheomelanin.
C) melanin, chromatin, and chlorophyll.
D) xanthophyll, hemoglobin, and melanin.
E) melanin, carotene, and chromatin.

Question 52

An albino individual lacks the ability to produce

A) melanin.
B) keratin.
C) carotene.
D) perspiration.
E) eleidin.

Question 53

Which of the following statements about rickets is not true?

A) It is usually genetic.
B) It leads to weak bones.
C) It leads to skeletal deformity.
D) It is prevented by vitamin D.
E) It is prevented by sunlight.

Question 54

Which of the following is the brown-black form of melanin?

A) eumelanin
B) phycomelanin
C) anthomelanin
D) pheomelanin
E) promelanin

Question 55

Jaundice is indicated by a(n) ________ skin coloration.

A) reddish
B) yellowish
C) orange
D) bluish
E) brown

Question 56

Which one of the following is the red-yellow form of melanin?

A) eumelanin
B) phycomelanin
C) anthomelanin
D) pheomelanin
E) promelanin

Question 57

Which pigment is responsible for blushing?

A) eumelanin
B) pheomelanin
C) carotene
D) hemoglobin
E) melanocyte stimulating hormone

Question 58

Exposure to ultraviolet light (sunlight) causes the skin to darken by increasing the production of

A) hemoglobin.
B) carotene.
C) collagen.
D) keratin.
E) melanin.

Question 59

Melanin is produced by melanocytes within the stratum

A) corneum.
B) lucidum.
C) granulosum.
D) spinosum.
E) basale.

Question 60

Which of the following is not true of melanin?

A) There is more than 1 type of melanin.
B) Melanin is released by exocytosis.
C) It is manufactured from tyrosine.
D) It is packaged in vesicles called melanosomes.
E) It absorbs UV radiation.

Question 61

Skin cancer that starts in the mitotically most active epidermal layer is called

A) keratosis.
B) psoriasis.
C) squamous cell carcinoma.
D) melanoma.
E) basal cell carcinoma.

Question 62

A common cause of dandruff is

A) inflammation around sebaceous glands.
B) lack of sebaceous glands.
C) too many sebaceous glands.
D) inactive apocrine glands.
E) inactive eccrine glands.

Question 63

The highest concentration of merocrine sweat glands is found

A) in the axillae.
B) on the chest.
C) on the palms of the hands.
D) on the upper back.
E) surrounding the genitals.

Question 64

Which of the following happens if body temperature rises above normal?

A) Circulation in the skin decreases.
B) Sweat gland activity decreases.
C) Evaporative cooling stops.
D) Blood flow to the skin increases.
E) The activity of melanocytes increases.

Question 65

Children in northern regions experience months of inadequate sunlight exposure on the skin. To prevent possible abnormal bone development, what essential organic nutrient is necessary in the diet?

A) vitamin C
B) calcium
C) cholecalciferol
D) protein
E) retinol-A

Question 66

The network of sensory nerves that surrounds the base of each hair follicle is the

A) root hair plexus.
B) hair papilla.
C) hair matrix.
D) cutaneous plexus.
E) subpapillary plexus.

Question 67

The layer of hard keratin that acts as the surface of the hair is termed the

A) medulla.
B) cuticle.
C) hair bulb.
D) root.
E) shaft.

Question 68

Which of the following is correct about Lanugo hairs?

A) also known as "peach fuzz"
B) persists throughout the entire life
C) deeply pigmented and somewhat coarse
D) exists primarily in fetuses
E) never found on the feet

Question 69

Arrange the layers of the hair follicle from outermost to innermost layers.
1) cuticle
2) glassy membrane
3) medulla
4) connective tissue sheath
5) external root sheath
6) internal root sheath
7) cortex

A) 1,5,7,6,2,3,4
B) 4,2,5,6,1,7,3
C) 4,2,6,5,1,7,3
D) 4,6,2,5,7,1,3
E) 4,2,5,6,3,7,1

Question 70

Which of the following statements concerning hair is false?

A) The medulla is the soft core of the hair.
B) The cortex of the hair is composed of hard keratin.
C) Terminal hairs are heavy and more darkly pigmented than other types of hair.
D) Club hair is hair that has ceased growing.
E) Scalp hairs grow constantly throughout life.

Question 71

Coarse pigmented hairs are called ________ hairs.

A) veneer
B) gossamer
C) lanugo
D) vellus
E) terminal

Question 72

If the papilla of a hair follicle is destroyed,

A) the hair produced by the follicle will change from terminal to vellus.
B) the color of the hair will become lighter.
C) the texture of the hair will become coarser.
D) the hair matrix will lose its blood supply.
E) hair production will not be affected.

Question 73

Sensible perspiration is produced by ________ glands.

A) ceruminous
B) apocrine sweat
C) merocrine sweat
D) sebaceous
E) mammary

Question 74

Earwax is produced by ________ glands.

A) sebaceous
B) apocrine sweat
C) merocrine sweat
D) ceruminous
E) eccrine sweat

Question 75

Variations in hair color reflect differences in the pigment produced by

A) keratinocytes.
B) melanocytes.
C) dermal papillae.
D) soft keratin.
E) carotene cells.

Question 76

The ________ glands in the axilla become active at the time of puberty.

A) ceruminous
B) apocrine sweat
C) merocrine sweat
D) sebaceous
E) axillary

Question 77

Glands that discharge an oily secretion into hair follicles are ________ glands.

A) ceruminous
B) apocrine sweat
C) merocrine sweat
D) sebaceous
E) mammary

Question 78

When the arrector pili muscles contract,

A) "goose bumps" are formed.
B) hairs are shed.
C) sweat is released from sweat glands.
D) shivering occurs.
E) the skin changes color.

Question 79

Fine hairs (like "velvet") that lack pigment and cover much of the body surface are called ________ hairs.

A) veneer
B) gossamer
C) lanugo
D) vellus
E) terminal

Question 80

________ sweat glands are widely distributed across the body surface, ________ glands are located whereverhair follicles exist, and ________ sweat glands are found only in a few areas.

A) Sebaceous; merocrine; apocrine
B) Apocrine; merocrine; sebaceous
C) Merocrine; sebaceous; apocrine
D) Merocrine; apocrine; sebaceous
E) Apocrine; sebaceous; merocrine