Deck 9: Joints

Question 1

Dense fibrous connective tissue is to a suture as a periodontal ligament is to a(n)

A) amphiarthrosis.
B) syndesmosis.
C) synostosis.
D) synchondrosis.
E) gomphosis.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Syndesmosis is to ligament as symphysis is to

A) fibrous cartilage.
B) dense regular connective tissue.
C) periodontal ligament.
D) rigid cartilaginous bridge.
E) completely fused.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Bursae are found in all of the following areas except

A) tendon sheaths.
B) beneath the skin covering a bone.
C) within connective tissue exposed to friction or pressure.
D) around blood vessels.
E) around many synovial joints.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

An epiphyseal line is an example of a

A) gomphosis.
B) synchondrosis.
C) synostosis.
D) symphysis.
E) syndesmosis.

Question 5

Aslightly movable joint is a(n)

A) synarthrosis.
B) diarthrosis.
C) amphiarthrosis.
D) gomphosis.
E) synostosis.

Question 6

An immovable joint is a(n)

A) synarthrosis.
B) diarthrosis.
C) amphiarthrosis.
D) syndesmosis.
E) symphysis.

Question 7

Which of the following is one of the four major types of synarthrotic joints?

A) suture
B) gomphosis
C) synchondrosis
D) synostosis
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 8

Aligamentous connection such as an antebrachial interosseous membrane is called a

A) syndesmosis.
B) symphysis.
C) synchondrosis.
D) synostosis.
E) gomphosis.

Question 9

An example of a synchondrosis is the articulation of the

A) ribs with the sternum.
B) radius and the ulna.
C) femur with the acetabulum.
D) atlas and the axis.
E) navicular bone with the cuniform bones.

Question 10

Asuture is an example of a(n)

A) synarthrosis.
B) syndesmosis.
C) symphysis.
D) diarthrosis.
E) amphiarthrosis.

Question 11

Which of the following is not a property of articular cartilage?

A) covered by perichondrium
B) lubricated by synovial fluid
C) enclosed by an articular capsule
D) similar to hyaline cartilage
E) smooth, low-friction surface

Question 12

Which of the following occurs when the articular cartilage is damaged?

A) The matrix begins to break down.
B) The exposed surface appears rough.
C) Friction in the joint increases.
D) Normal synovial joint function is unable to continue.
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 13

Identify the incorrect pair.

A) synarthrosis; immovable joint
B) amphiarthrosis; slightly movable joint
C) chondrosis; freely moving joint
D) gomphosis; articulation between tooth and bone
E) They are all correct; there is no incorrect pair.

Question 14

Structurally, the pubic symphysis is classified as a ________ articulation.

A) cartilaginous
B) bony
C) synovial
D) fibrous
E) diarthrotic

Question 15

A freely movable joint is a(n)

A) synarthrosis.
B) diarthrosis.
C) amphiarthrosis.
D) syndesmosis.
E) symphysis.

Question 16

The intervertebral disc joint is called a

A) synarthrosis.
B) glide joint.
C) condylar joint.
D) synchondrosis.
E) symphysis.

Question 17

Joints can be classified structurally as

A) bony.
B) fibrous.
C) cartilaginous.
D) synovial.
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 18

Which of the following is not a function of synovial fluid?

A) shock absorption
B) increases osmotic pressure within joint
C) lubrication
D) provides nutrients
E) protects articular cartilages

Question 19

Asynovial joint is an example of a(n)

A) synarthrosis.
B) amphiarthrosis.
C) diarthrosis.
D) symphysis.
E) syndesmosis.

Question 20

The synarthrosis that binds the teeth to the bony sockets is a

A) suture.
B) gomphosis.
C) synchondrosis.
D) synotosis.
E) syndesmosis.

Question 21

Figure 9-1 A Simplified Sectional View of the Knee Joint
Use Figure 9-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "5."

A) serous membrane
B) synovial membrane
C) joint capsule
D) periosteum
E) intracapsular ligament

Question 22

Which of the following is not considered an accessory synovial structure?

A) fat pads
B) menisci
C) tendons
D) bursae
E) synovial membrane

Question 23

Pronation is defined as

A) a rolling of the distal epiphysis of the radius over the ulna.
B) a twisting of the ulna medially.
C) twisting the forearm so that the palms face anteriorly.
D) the shortening of the angle between the radius and the humerus.
E) movement of the mandible anteriorly, as seen when biting the upper lip.

Question 24

Figure 9-1 A Simplified Sectional View of the Knee Joint
Use Figure 9-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "2."

A) serous membrane
B) synovial membrane
C) joint capsule
D) periosteum
E) intracapsular ligament

Question 25

A collagenous type of connective tissue that reinforces the synovial joint and is found outside the joint capsule is called the

A) extracapsular tendon.
B) intracapsular ligament.
C) extracapsular ligament.
D) intracapsular tendon.
E) meniscus.

Question 26

Which one of the following is not a stabilizing factor of synovial joints?

A) skeletal muscles around the joint
B) the presence of a meniscus
C) collagen fibers of the joint capsule
D) fat pads around the joint
E) the synovial membrane

Question 27

Usually found outside the capsule, ________ protect the articular cartilages and act as packing materialfor the joint.

A) ligaments
B) tendons
C) bursae
D) menisci
E) fat pads

Question 28

Ankle extension is also called

A) dorsiflexion.
B) inversion.
C) eversion.
D) plantar flexion.
E) protraction.

Question 29

A ________ occurs when articulating surfaces are forced out of position.

A) fracture
B) bunion
C) bursitis
D) dislocation
E) sprain

Question 30

The joint between the forearm bones and the wrist is a ________ joint.

A) saddle
B) glide
C) hinge
D) condylar
E) pivot

Question 31

Figure 9-1 A Simplified Sectional View of the Knee Joint
Use Figure 9-1 to answer the following questions:
Which structure acts as a cushion and consists of fibrous cartilage?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 32

Figure 9-1 A Simplified Sectional View of the Knee Joint
Use Figure 9-1 to answer the following questions:
What type of tissue occurs at the structure labeled "3"?

A) fibrocartilage
B) synovial membrane
C) articular cartilage
D) bone tissue
E) dense connective tissue

Question 33

Mike falls off his skateboard and sprains his ankle. Which of the following most likely occurs with thistype of accident?

A) A bursa is damaged and leaks synovial fluid.
B) A ligament is stretched and collagen fibers in the ligament are damaged.
C) Articulating bones are forced out of position and ligaments are torn.
D) Dislocation of the ankle occurs.
E) The tibia is broken and must be set in a cast.

Question 34

Figure 9-1 A Simplified Sectional View of the Knee Joint
Use Figure 9-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure at label "1."

A) meniscus
B) bursa
C) articular cartilage
D) synovial membrane
E) joint cavity

Question 35

The surface of articular cartilage is

A) slick.
B) flat.
C) smooth.
D) rough.
E) both slick and smooth.

Question 36

________ subdivide synovial cavities, channel the flow of synovial fluid, and allow for variations in the shapes of the articular surfaces.

A) Fat pads
B) Menisci
C) Bursae
D) Lacunae
E) Fasciae

Question 37

Which of the following is not a property of synovial joints?

A) freely movable
B) lined by a secretory epithelium
C) covered by a serous membrane
D) contain synovial fluid
E) covered by a capsule

Question 38

Small pockets of synovial fluid that reduce friction and act as a shock absorber where ligaments and tendons rub against other tissues are called

A) fat pads.
B) menisci.
C) bursae.
D) lacunae.
E) fasciae.

Question 39

The three functions of synovial fluid are nutrient distribution, shock absorption, and

A) stabilization.
B) lubrication.
C) padding.
D) strengthening.
E) enzyme secretion.

Question 40

A ________ is a tender nodule formed around bursae over the base of the great toe.

A) spur
B) blister
C) callus
D) bunion
E) pimple

Question 41

Which type of joint is found between the carpal bones?

A) saddle
B) gliding
C) hinge
D) ball-and-socket
E) pivot

Question 42

The movements known as dorsiflexion and plantar flexion involve moving the

A) hand.
B) arm.
C) foot.
D) leg.
E) hip.

Question 43

A movement away from the midline of the body is called

A) inversion.
B) abduction.
C) adduction.
D) flexion.
E) extension.

Question 44

The elbow joint is an example of a(n) ________ joint.

A) saddle
B) gliding
C) condylar
D) hinge
E) pivot

Question 45

The joint between the trapezium and metacarpal bone of the thumb is an example of a ________ joint.

A) saddle
B) gliding
C) condylar
D) hinge
E) pivot

Question 46

Which of the following movements is a good example of flexion?

A) opening the mouth
B) turning the hand palm upward
C) extreme bending of the head backwards
D) bending the elbow
E) spreading the fingers

Question 47

The joints that connect the four fingers with the metacarpal bones are

A) condylar joints.
B) saddle joints.
C) pivot joints.
D) hinge joints.
E) condyloid joints.

Question 48

An extension past the anatomical position is known as

A) double-jointed.
B) extension.
C) flexion.
D) rotation.
E) hyperextension.

Question 49

Which of the following movements is a good example of supination?

A) opening the mouth
B) turning the hand palm upward
C) extreme bending of the head backwards
D) moving the hand toward the shoulder
E) spreading the fingers

Question 50

Which of the following joints is an example of a ball-and-socket joint?

A) elbow
B) knee
C) ankle
D) wrist
E) shoulder

Question 51

Which of the following types of joints is monaxial, but capable of only rotation?

A) saddle
B) gliding
C) hinge
D) ball-and-socket
E) pivot

Question 52

In a triaxial articulation,

A) movement can occur in all three axes.
B) movement can occur in only two axes.
C) movement can occur in only one axis.
D) only circumduction is possible.
E) no movement is possible.

Question 53

Monaxial joints are known as ________ joints.

A) saddle
B) gliding
C) ball-and-socket
D) condylar
E) hinge

Question 54

The joints between vertebrae are examples of ________ joints.

A) saddle
B) pivot
C) condylar
D) hinge
E) gliding

Question 55

Which foot movement enables the ballerina to stand on her toes?

A) dorsiflexion
B) plantar flexion
C) inversion
D) rotation
E) eversion

Question 56

To pinch with a thumb and finger involves a movement called

A) rotation.
B) opposition.
C) circumduction.
D) eversion.
E) retraction.

Question 57

Curling into the "fetal position" ________ the intervertebral joints.

A) hyperextends
B) flexes
C) abducts
D) extends
E) rotates

Question 58

A common injury to the ankle occurs by excessive turning of the sole inward, called

A) eversion.
B) protraction.
C) dorsiflexion.
D) plantar flexion.
E) inversion.

Question 59

A twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole of the foot outward is known as

A) inversion.
B) plantar flexion.
C) eversion.
D) dorsiflexion.
E) pronation.

Question 60

The ankle joint is an example of a(n) ________ joint.

A) condylar
B) saddle
C) hinge
D) ball-and-socket
E) gliding

Question 61

Nodding your head "yes" is an example of

A) lateral and medial rotation.
B) circumduction.
C) flexion and extension.
D) pronation and supination.
E) protraction and retraction.

Question 62

Which of the following movements is a good example of depression?

A) opening the mouth
B) turning the hand palm upward
C) extreme bending of the head backwards
D) moving the hand toward the shoulder
E) spreading the fingers

Question 63

Which of the following movements is a good example of hyperextension?

A) opening the mouth
B) turning the hand palm upward
C) extreme bending of the head backwards
D) moving the hand toward the shoulder
E) spreading the fingers

Question 64

Which of the following movements would you associate with chewing food?

A) elevation
B) abduction
C) flexion
D) pronation
E) circumduction

Question 65

Lifting a stone with the tip of foot is

A) circumduction.
B) eversion.
C) inversion.
D) plantar flexion.
E) dorsiflexion.

Question 66

Which of the following movements is a good example of abduction?

A) opening the mouth
B) turning the hand palm upward
C) extreme bending of the head backwards
D) moving the hand toward the shoulder
E) spreading the fingers

Question 67

Which of the following types of movement are not permitted at a synovial joint?

A) eversion
B) flexion
C) retraction
D) gliding
E) They are all permitted.

Question 68

The movement of a body part upward is called

A) extension.
B) protraction.
C) supination.
D) elevation.
E) abduction.

Question 69

Figure 9-2 Bones of the Wrist and Hand
Use Figure 9-2 to answer the following questions:
Identify the type of joint at label "4."

A) hinge
B) gliding
C) condylar
D) saddle
E) pivot

Question 70

Figure 9-2 Bones of the Wrist and Hand
Use Figure 9-2 to answer the following questions:
Identify the type of joint at label "2."

A) hinge
B) condylar
C) gliding
D) saddle
E) pivot

Question 71

The movement of a body part downward is called

A) retraction.
B) pronation.
C) depression.
D) protraction.
E) eversion.

Question 72

The atlantoaxial joint is an example of a ________ joint.

A) ball and socket
B) pivot
C) gliding
D) condyloid
E) saddle

Question 73

Figure 9-2 Bones of the Wrist and Hand
Use Figure 9-2 to answer the following questions:
Identify the type of joint at label "3."

A) hinge
B) gliding
C) condylar
D) saddle
E) pivot

Question 74

Figure 9-2 Bones of the Wrist and Hand
Use Figure 9-2 to answer the following questions:
Identify the type of joint at label "1."

A) hinge
B) condylar
C) gliding
D) saddle
E) pivot

Question 75

The movement of rotating a limb toward the anterior surface of the body is called ________ rotation.

A) frontal
B) external
C) lateral
D) outward
E) medial

Question 76

The movement of rotating a limb outward is called ________ rotation.

A) lateral
B) internal
C) medial
D) superficial
E) abductive

Question 77

Figure 9-2 Bones of the Wrist and Hand
Use Figure 9-2 to answer the following questions:
Identify the type of joint at label "5."

A) hinge
B) condylar
C) gliding
D) saddle
E) pivot

Question 78

You ________ your mandible when you grasp your upper lip with your lower teeth.

A) rotate
B) extend
C) pivot
D) protract
E) pronate

Question 79

Identify the incorrect pair.

A) gliding joint; sacroiliac joint
B) pivot joint; hip joint
C) hinge joint; ankle joint
D) condylar joint; radiocarpal joint
E) saddle joint; first carpometacarpal joint

Question 80

The movement of the forearm while twisting a doorknob is

A) protraction and retraction.
B) abduction and adduction.
C) flexion and extension.
D) lateral rotation and medial rotation.
E) supination and pronation.