Deck 14: The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Question 1

The wall between the lateral ventricles is called the

A) cerebral aqueduct.
B) fornix.
C) falx cerebri.
D) corpus callosum.
E) septum pellucidum.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

During development, three primary brain vesicles form. The three vesicles are the

A) prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon.
B) telencephalon, diencephalon, and mesencephalon.
C) mesencephalon, metencephalon, and myelencephalon.
D) cerebrum, diencephalon, and midbrain.
E) rhombencephalon, diencephalon, and telencephalon.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The floor of the diencephalon is formed by the

A) hypothalamus.
B) thalamus.
C) brain stem.
D) mesencephalon.
E) pons.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The cerebellum and pons develop from the

A) telencephalon.
B) diencephalon.
C) mesencephalon.
D) metencephalon.
E) myelencephalon.

Question 5

Which of the following is true about the cerebral cortex?

A) It is a deep layer of gray matter.
B) It is a superficial layer of gray matter.
C) It is a deep layer of white matter.
D) It is a superficial layer of white matter.
E) It is a deep layer of both white and gray matter.

Question 6

The adult human brain contains almost ________ of the body's neural tissue.

A) 15 percent
B) 25 percent
C) 68 percent
D) 97 percent
E) 35 percent

Question 7

During embryonic development, which of the following secondary brain vesicles will form the cerebrum?

A) telencephalon
B) diencephalon
C) mesencephalon
D) metencephalon
E) myelencephalon

Question 8

Which of the following lies between the cerebrum and the brain stem?

A) medulla oblongata
B) pons
C) mesencephalon
D) diencephalon
E) cerebellum

Question 9

The ventricle associated with the pons and upper medulla is the

A) first.
B) second.
C) third.
D) fourth.
E) lateral.

Question 10

Which of these is not one of the main divisions of the adult brain?

A) cerebrum
B) diencephalon
C) prosencephalon
D) brainstem
E) cerebellum

Question 11

The ________ provides the principal link between the nervous and endocrine systems.

A) cerebellum
B) medulla oblongata
C) cerebrum
D) pons
E) hypothalamus

Question 12

Autonomic centers that control blood pressure, heart rate, and digestion are located in the

A) medulla oblongata.
B) pons.
C) midbrain.
D) diencephalon.
E) cerebellum.

Question 13

As you ascend from the medulla oblongata to the cerebrum, the functions of each successive level become

A) more complex.
B) simpler.
C) better understood.
D) more crucial to visceral functions.
E) critical to reflexes.

Question 14

Sensory information is processed and relayed to the cerebrum by the

A) medulla oblongata.
B) pons.
C) midbrain.
D) thalamus.
E) cerebellum.

Question 15

The tracts that connect the cerebellum to the brain stem are located in the

A) medulla oblongata.
B) pons.
C) mesencephalon.
D) diencephalon.
E) thalamus.

Question 16

When you perform a physical activity that you have not done in a while, such as riding a bike, which area of your brain coordinates your movements with learned experiences?

A) thalamus
B) pons
C) midbrain
D) cerebellum
E) medulla oblongata

Question 17

The rounded elevations of the cerebrum that increase its surface area are called

A) sulci.
B) fissures.
C) cortical folds.
D) gyri.
E) dural sinuses.

Question 18

Male brains are typically ________ compared to female brains.

A) larger
B) smaller
C) the same size
D) very smooth
E) more convoluted

Question 19

The medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain comprise the

A) basal ganglia.
B) brain stem.
C) mesencephalon.
D) ventricles.
E) diencephalon.

Question 20

The lateral ventricles are found

A) in the cerebellar hemispheres.
B) between the pons and the midbrain.
C) in the cerebral hemispheres.
D) in the diencephalon.
E) in the spinal cord.

Question 21

Which of the following is not a property of the blood-brain barrier?

A) The capillary endothelial cells are interconnected by tight junctions.
B) It is very permeable to many water and lipid-soluble compounds.
C) Astrocytes surround the CNS capillaries.
D) It is absent in portions of the hypothalamus.
E) It is intact except in areas known as circumventricular organs.

Question 22

What contains a spider web-like network of cells and fibers through which cerebrospinal fluid flows?

A) subdural space
B) dural sinus
C) falx cerebri
D) subarachnoid space
E) pia mater

Question 23

The choroid plexus is composed of

A) lymphatic vessels.
B) blood vessels.
C) nerve fibers.
D) ganglia.
E) subarachnoid granulations.

Question 24

Specialized ________ form the secretory component of the choroid plexus.

A) epididymal cells
B) ependymal cells
C) arachnoid cells
D) astrocyte
E) blood cells

Question 25

In each ventricle is a blood vessel network called the ________ that produces cerebrospinal fluid.

A) choroid plexus
B) jugular vein
C) carotid artery
D) vertebral artery
E) dural sinus

Question 26

What structure is covered by many blood vessels and adheres tightly to the surface of the brain?

A) pia mater
B) arachnoid mater
C) dura mater
D) cranial plexus
E) choroid plexus

Question 27

Hydrocephalus, or "water on the brain," may result from

A) deficient production of cerebrospinal fluid.
B) excessive production of cerebrospinal fluid.
C) blockage of circulation of CSF.
D) excessive water intake.
E) blockage of CSF circulation or excessive CSF production.

Question 28

Which statement is true regarding cerebrospinal fluid?

A) CSF is identical in composition to blood plasma.
B) CSF is made during fetal development and does not change through the lifetime of the person.
C) There is about a liter of CSF within the brain and spinal cord.
D) If CSF is not properly resorbed, the result would be hydrocephalus.
E) CSF moves back into the blood supply by the process of osmosis.

Question 29

Two large venous sinuses, the sagittal sinuses, lie within a dural fold called the

A) cerebral aqueduct.
B) basal ganglia.
C) falx cerebri.
D) tentorium cerebelli.
E) septum pellucidum.

Question 30

Cerebrospinal fluid

A) is secreted by ependymal cells.
B) is formed by a passive process.
C) is normally produced twice as fast as it is removed.
D) has almost the same composition as blood plasma.
E) contains blood cells and blood plasma.

Question 31

Which of the following is not a function of cerebrospinal fluid?

A) provides cushioning for delicate neural tissues
B) provides buoyant support for the brain
C) acts as a transport medium for nutrients
D) produces ATP for impulse transmission
E) acts as a transport medium for waste products

Question 32

The brain requires a substantial blood supply. The vessels that deliver blood to the brain are the

A) external carotid arteries.
B) facial arteries.
C) jugular veins.
D) internal carotid and vertebral arteries.
E) dural sinuses.

Question 33

The dural sinuses form between which two layers of the cranial dura mater?

A) pia and arachnoid layers
B) periosteal and endosteal layers
C) meningeal and cranial layers
D) periosteal and meningeal layers
E) superior and inferior sagittal layers

Question 34

To return CSF to circulation, arachnoid granulations extend into the

A) subarachnoid space.
B) superior sagittal sinus.
C) carotid canal.
D) inferior sagittal sinus.
E) jugular foramen.

Question 35

Which statement is true regarding the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid of the spinal cord and brain?

A) Spinal fluid is secreted both in the brain and in the spinal cord areas.
B) There is an epidural space associated with the spinal meninges, but not with the cranial meninges.
C) The meninges around the brain are not the same as those around the spinal cord.
D) There is a subarachnoid space within the spinal meninges but not the cranial meninges.
E) The choroid plexuses are located only within the brain, not within the spinal cord.

Question 36

The dural venous sinuses are located in the

A) paranasal cavity.
B) arachnoid folds.
C) pia mater.
D) dural folds.
E) tentorium cerebelli.

Question 37

Cerebrospinal fluid enters the blood circulation at the

A) jugular veins.
B) central canal.
C) arachnoid granulations.
D) tentorium cerebelli.
E) frontal sinus.

Question 38

Chambers within the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid are called

A) plexuses.
B) ganglia.
C) sinuses.
D) aqueducts.
E) ventricles.

Question 39

The dural fold that projects into the longitudinal fissure between cerebral hemispheres is called the

A) dural sinus.
B) falx cerebri.
C) tentorium cerebelli.
D) falx cerebelli.
E) choroid plexus.

Question 40

The passageway between the lateral ventricles and the third ventricle is the

A) posterior foramen.
B) interventricular foramen.
C) cerebral aqueduct.
D) lateral foramen.
E) central canal.

Question 41

How rapidly is the CSF volume replaced?

A) every 20 minutes
B) every 2 hours
C) every 8 hours
D) every 2 days
E) every week

Question 42

Figure 14-1 The Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid
Use Figure 14-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "4."

A) cerebral aqueduct
B) lateral ventricle
C) sagittal sinus
D) 4th ventricle
E) choroid plexus

Question 43

A patient comes into the emergency room with weakness on one side and difficulty walking and talking. You determine that the brain has been deprived of oxygen due to lack of regional blood flow. You suspect that patient has most likely experienced

A) a subdural hemorrhage.
B) meningitis.
C) hydrocephalus.
D) cranial trauma.
E) a cerebrovascular accident.

Question 44

Figure 14-1 The Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid
Use Figure 14-1 to answer the following questions:
Ependymal cells are most likely found at which structure?

A) 10
B) 2
C) 9
D) 3
E) 7

Question 45

This structure of the medulla oblongata relays information from the red nuclei, midbrain, and the cerebralcortex to the cerebellum.

A) inferior olivary complex
B) reticular formation
C) nucleus gracilis
D) nucleus cuneatus
E) solitary nucleus

Question 46

Damage to the medulla oblongata can result in death because

A) electrical activity originates within the medulla.
B) the vital centers for the control of blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing are located there.
C) the blood might not be able to circulate properly around the brain.
D) body temperature is controlled by the medulla.
E) digestive processes are controlled by the medulla.

Question 47

Figure 14-1 The Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid
Use Figure 14-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "6."

A) choroid plexus
B) fourth ventricle
C) lateral ventricle
D) cerebral aqueduct
E) subarachnoid space

Question 48

Figure 14-1 The Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid
Use Figure 14-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "9."

A) dura mater
B) superior sagittal sinus
C) lateral ventricle
D) subarachnoid space
E) arachnoid granulation

Question 49

Figure 14-1 The Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid
Use Figure 14-1 to answer the following questions:
CSF is absorbed into the venous circulation via arachnoid granulations. Identify an arachnoid granulation.

A) 8
B) 1
C) 10
D) 2
E) 4

Question 50

The control of heart rate and blood pressure is based in the

A) cerebrum.
B) cerebellum.
C) diencephalon.
D) medulla oblongata.
E) thalamus.

Question 51

The term used to describe the crossing over of a tract to the side of the nervous system opposite to wherethe axons originated is

A) decussation.
B) contralateral.
C) ascending crossovers.
D) pyramidal tracts.
E) consensual tracts.

Question 52

Cardiovascular centers located in the ________ adjust the heart rate, the strength of cardiac contractions,and the flow of blood through the peripheral tissues.

A) pons
B) medulla oblongata
C) prefrontal cortex
D) thalamus
E) midbrain

Question 53

Figure 14-1 The Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid
Use Figure 14-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "3."

A) lateral ventricles
B) corpora quadrigemina
C) cerebral aqueduct
D) pons
E) central canal

Question 54

The medulla oblongata regulates

A) somatic motor contractions.
B) food intake.
C) auditory reflexes.
D) vision and hearing.
E) blood pressure and respiration.

Question 55

Figure 14-1 The Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid
Use Figure 14-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "10."

A) arbor vitae
B) central canal
C) corpus callosum
D) pons
E) diencephalon

Question 56

Which dural fold separates the cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum?

A) tentorium cerebelli
B) falx cerebelli
C) falx cerebri
D) longitudinal fissure
E) superior sagittal sinus

Question 57

Tony hit his head in a car accident. The physicians diagnosed him with a subdural hemorrhage. Which of thefollowing correctly states where the bleeding has occurred in his brain?

A) Blood is between the dura mater and the skull.
B) Blood is between the pia mater and arachnoid mater.
C) Blood is between the pia mater and the brain.
D) Blood is between the superior sagittal sinus and inferior sagittal sinus.
E) Blood is between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater.

Question 58

Jane, a 79-year-old woman, has been diagnosed with a tumor in the brain. She has lost some sensory and motor functions associated with the face, like control of facial muscles for emotion and various sensory functions like taste. In addition, she has some hearing loss and balance problems. The location of the tumor is likely to be the

A) cerebellum.
B) cerebrum.
C) medulla.
D) thalamus.
E) pons.

Question 59

Figure 14-1 The Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid
Use Figure 14-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "7."

A) dura mater
B) lateral ventricle
C) fourth ventricle
D) subarachnoid space
E) filum terminale

Question 60

Figure 14-1 The Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid
Use Figure 14-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "1."

A) choroid plexus
B) cerebral aqueduct
C) third ventricle
D) subarachnoid space
E) corpus callosum

Question 61

The medulla oblongata relays auditory stimuli to the

A) substantia nigra.
B) red nuclei.
C) cerebral peduncles.
D) superior colliculi.
E) inferior colliculi.

Question 62

Which of the following tracts is correctly matched?

A) superior cerebellar peduncles: link cerebellum with nuclei in the spinal cord
B) middle cerebellar peduncles: link cerebellum with nuclei in the pons
C) inferior cerebellar peduncles: link cerebellum with nuclei in the cerebrum
D) superior cerebellar peduncles: link cerebellum with nuclei in the medulla oblongata
E) inferior cerebellar peduncles: link cerebellum with nuclei in the midbrain

Question 63

The presence of many large, highly-branched Purkinje cells in a sample of brain tissue indicates that itcame from the

A) pons.
B) medulla.
C) cerebral cortex.
D) cerebellar cortex.
E) arbor vitae.

Question 64

The corpora quadrigemina is composed of the

A) four cerebral lobes.
B) superior and inferior colliculi.
C) first four cranial nerves.
D) cranial nerve IV.
E) two superior cerebellar peduncles and the two inferior cerebellar peduncles.

Question 65

Descending fibers from the pons to the cerebellum pass through these structures of the midbrain?

A) substantia nigra
B) reticular formation
C) superior colliculus
D) corpora quadrigemina
E) cerebral peduncles

Question 66

The folds of the surface of the cerebellum

A) are called folia and are less prominent than the cerebral folds.
B) form a network of blood vessels over the brain.
C) consist of axons and dendrites of neurons.
D) are bathed in spinal fluid.
E) are called sulci.

Question 67

The cerebellum can be permanently damaged by stroke or temporarily affected by drugs or alcohol. The resulting disturbance in motor control is known as

A) ataxia.
B) aphasia.
C) dysphagia.
D) Parkinson's.
E) epilepsy.

Question 68

The nuclei of which cranial nerves are associated with the midbrain?

A) I and II
B) II and III
C) III and IV
D) IV and V
E) V and VI

Question 69

The mesencephalon contains the headquarters of the ________, a specialized component of the reticular formation that controls alertness and attention.

A) falx cerebri
B) Wernicke's area
C) general association area
D) reticular activating system
E) basal ganglia

Question 70

Examination of a tissue sample from the central nervous system reveals many darkly pigmented cells. Thistissue probably came from the

A) nucleus gracilis.
B) nucleus cuneatus.
C) motor cortex.
D) substantia nigra.
E) cerebellar nucleus.

Question 71

Overseeing the postural muscles of the body and making rapid adjustments to maintain balance and equilibrium are functions of the

A) cerebrum.
B) thalamus.
C) cerebellum.
D) pons.
E) medulla oblongata.

Question 72

If the pons was damaged, which of the following functions would be affected?

A) breathing
B) control of blood pressure
C) coordination
D) sleep patterns
E) judgment

Question 73

The structure of the brain that carries ascending sensory information to the thalamus is the

A) midbrain.
B) cerebral aqueduct.
C) 4th ventricle.
D) basal ganglion.
E) cerebellum.

Question 74

The reflex movement of the head toward a loud noise is directed by the mesencephalon. Which nuclei accomplish this?

A) substantia nigra
B) red nuclei
C) tectum
D) superior colliculi
E) inferior colliculi

Question 75

The cerebellar hemispheres are separated by a band of cortex called the

A) flocculonodular lobe.
B) arbor vitae.
C) folia.
D) vermis.
E) pyramid.

Question 76

The ________ are the four masses on the posterior of the midbrain.

A) cerebral peduncles
B) reticular formation
C) substantia nigra
D) choroid plexuses
E) corpora quadrigemina

Question 77

Which of the following is not one of the thalamic nuclei?

A) ventral nuclei
B) medial nuclei
C) superior nuclei
D) anterior nuclei
E) dorsal nuclei

Question 78

Damage to the corpora quadrigemina would interfere with

A) control of autonomic function.
B) regulation of body temperature.
C) visual and auditory reflex movements of the head and neck.
D) conscious control of skeletal muscles.
E) control of breathing.

Question 79

The white matter of the cerebellum forms the

A) flocculonodular lobe.
B) arbor vitae.
C) folia.
D) vermis.
E) pyramid.

Question 80

Nerve fiber bundles on the ventrolateral surface of the mesencephalon are the

A) tectum.
B) corpora quadrigemina.
C) cerebral peduncles.
D) superior colliculi.
E) inferior colliculi.