Deck 23: The Respiratory System

Question 1

Tuberculosis results from an infection by the bacterium

A) Clostridium difficile.
B) Staphylococcus aureus.
C) Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
D) Vancomycin-resistant streptococcus.
E) Tuberculin plumonae.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The nasopharynx transitions into the oropharynx at the level of the

A) hard palate.
B) soft palate.
C) cribriform plate.
D) internal nares.
E) pharyngeal septum.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles all make up the

A) upper respiratory tract.
B) lower respiratory tract.
C) internal respiratory tract.
D) alveoli of the respiratory tract.
E) respiratory mucosa.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Inhaling through the nostrils is preferred over the mouth because

A) there is less resistance to air flow.
B) it combines olfaction with respiration.
C) it allows better conditioning of the inhaled air.
D) bacteria won't be inhaled from the oral cavity.
E) it dries out the mouth.

Question 5

An important component of the lamina propria in the upper respiratory system is

A) sweat glands.
B) ceruminous glands.
C) mucus glands.
D) serous glands.
E) smooth muscle cells.

Question 6

The beating of the cilia of the respiratory passages in the direction of the pharynx forms a(n)

A) debris filter.
B) mucus escalator.
C) respiratory rhythmicity center.
D) smooth slick surface allowing particles to slide.
E) increased surface area for gas exchange.

Question 7

The respiratory portion of the respiratory tract includes the

A) bronchi.
B) trachea.
C) larynx.
D) alveoli.
E) nose.

Question 8

The entire array of protective mechanisms in the respiratory system is called the

A) respiratory immunity.
B) macrophage complex.
C) respiratory defense system.
D) acquired respiratory defense.
E) mucus escalator.

Question 9

The conchae

A) divide the nasal cavity into a right and a left side.
B) provide an opening into the pharynx.
C) provide a increase in surface area for the sense of smell.
D) create turbulence in the air to trap particulate matter in mucus.
E) provide an opening to paranasal sinuses.

Question 10

Air entering the body is filtered, warmed, and humidified by the

A) upper respiratory tract.
B) lower respiratory tract.
C) lungs.
D) alveoli.
E) bronchioles.

Question 11

Which of the following organs is not part of the lower respiratory system?

A) pharynx
B) trachea
C) larynx
D) bronchi
E) alveoli

Question 12

The openings to the nasal cavity are the

A) external nares.
B) internal nares.
C) nasal meatuses.
D) nasal conchae.
E) nasal sinuses.

Question 13

Functions of the nasal cavity include all of the following except

A) filtering the air.
B) warming the air.
C) humidifying the air.
D) housing tonsils.
E) housing olfactory receptors.

Question 14

Harry suffers from cystic fibrosis and has severe breathing difficulties. His problems result from

A) genetic mutation in cilia production.
B) laryngospasms.
C) thick secretions that are difficult to transport.
D) lack of neural control of respiration.
E) reduced mucus secretions in the trachea.

Question 15

The nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx constitute the ________ portion of the airway.

A) conducting
B) exchange
C) respiratory
D) sinus
E) primary

Question 16

Which of these is not part of the upper respiratory system?

A) larynx
B) pharynx
C) nasal cavity
D) nose
E) sinuses

Question 17

The ________ is shared by the respiratory and digestive systems.

A) pharynx
B) esophagus
C) trachea
D) windpipe
E) right mainstem bronchus

Question 18

The respiratory epithelium of the conducting airways consists of

A) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
B) moist cuboidal epithelium.
C) simple squamous epithelium.
D) ciliated squamous epithelium.
E) stratified squamous epithelium.

Question 19

The respiratory mucosa consists of

A) epithelium and underlying layer of areolar tissue.
B) dense irregular connective and adipose tissue.
C) ciliated stratified squamous and columnar cells.
D) fibrocartilage and mucous cells.
E) dense regular connective and areolar tissue.

Question 20

________ is the most common lethal inherited disease affecting individuals of Northern European descent.

A) MRSA
B) Congestive heart failure
C) Cystic fibrosis
D) Myasthenia gravis
E) Parkinson's disease

Question 21

The superior region of the pharynx is called the

A) nasal cavity.
B) nasopharynx.
C) oropharynx.
D) laryngopharynx.
E) superior nasal conchae.

Question 22

The nasal cavity opens into the nasopharynx through a connection known as the

A) oropharynx.
B) nasal meatus.
C) nasal vestibule.
D) internal nares.
E) auditory canal.

Question 23

Figure 23-1 The Upper Airways
Use Figure 23-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "7."

A) internal nares
B) esophagus
C) glottis
D) oropharynx
E) laryngopharynx

Question 24

Which of the following is false about the pharynx?

A) It is shared by the integumentary and respiratory systems.
B) The nasopharynx is superior.
C) The oropharynx connects to oral cavity.
D) The laryngopharynx ends at esophagus opening.
E) Solids, liquids, and gases pass through.

Question 25

The ________ is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

A) nasopharynx
B) trachea
C) oropharynx
D) larynx
E) nasal cavity

Question 26

Air flows between nasal conchae through the

A) dorsum nasi.
B) apex.
C) external nares.
D) nasal vestibule.
E) superior, middle, and inferior nasal meatuses.

Question 27

Which bone does not form part of the lateral or superior walls of the nasal cavity?

A) maxilla
B) mandible
C) nasal
D) ethmoid
E) sphenoid

Question 28

Figure 23-1 The Upper Airways
Use Figure 23-1 to answer the following questions:
What is the function of the structure labeled "8"?

A) forces air into the lungs
B) causes air to swirl within the respiratory passageway
C) prevents food from entering the larynx
D) acts like a supplementary air pump
E) adjusts tension of vocal folds

Question 29

Physical damage to the lamina propria of the nasal mucosa is likely to result in

A) epistaxis.
B) nasal congestion.
C) nosebleeds.
D) a deviated septum.
E) epistaxis or nosebleeds.

Question 30

The auditory tubes open into the

A) nasopharynx.
B) oropharynx.
C) laryngopharynx.
D) larynx.
E) nasal cavity.

Question 31

The palatine tonsils lie in the walls of the

A) nasopharynx.
B) oropharynx.
C) laryngopharynx.
D) larynx.
E) nasal cavity.

Question 32

The glottis is

A) the soft tissue that hangs off the end of the soft palate.
B) a flap of elastic cartilage.
C) the opening to the larynx.
D) the opening to the pharynx.
E) part of the hard palate.

Question 33

The common passageway shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the

A) larynx.
B) glottis.
C) vestibule.
D) pharynx.
E) trachea.

Question 34

Accidently sending fluid up out of the nose happens when the ________ fails to close off the ________.

A) epiglottis; larynx
B) epiglottis; nasopharynx
C) soft palate; nasopharynx
D) soft palate; larynx
E) soft palate; oropharynx

Question 35

The portion of the nasal cavity contained within the flexible tissues of the external nose is the

A) nasopharynx.
B) vestibule.
C) internal chamber.
D) conchae.
E) nasal septum.

Question 36

Figure 23-1 The Upper Airways
Use Figure 23-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "2."

A) olfactory organ
B) oropharynx
C) nasopharynx
D) internal nares
E) nasal sinus

Question 37

Figure 23-1 The Upper Airways
Use Figure 23-1 to answer the following questions:
What is the function of the structure labeled "5"?

A) help olfaction
B) improve warming of air
C) cause air to swirl within the respiratory passageway
D) prevent food from entering the larynx
E) prevent food from entering the nasopharynx

Question 38

The larynx contains ________ cartilages.

A) 14
B) 6
C) 9
D) 2
E) 5

Question 39

Figure 23-1 The Upper Airways
Use Figure 23-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "5."

A) pharyngeal tonsil
B) palatine tonsil
C) epiglottis
D) soft palate
E) hard palate

Question 40

The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by the

A) hard palate.
B) soft palate.
C) cribriform plate.
D) internal nares.
E) pharyngeal septum.

Question 41

The ring-shaped cartilage just inferior to the thyroid cartilage is the ________ cartilage.

A) epiglottis
B) cuneiform
C) corniculate
D) cricoid
E) arytenoid

Question 42

During a choking episode, most foreign objects are lodged in the ________ bronchus due to its larger diameter and steeper angle.

A) right primary
B) left primary
C) right lobar
D) left lobar
E) medial

Question 43

Primary bronchi are to ________ as secondary bronchi are to ________.

A) main bronchi; lobar bronchi
B) lobar bronchi; segmental bronchi
C) segmental bronchi; lobar bronchi
D) trachea; pharynx
E) lobar bronchi; alveolar ducts

Question 44

The C shape of the tracheal cartilages is important because

A) large masses of food can move through the esophagus.
B) large masses of air can pass through the trachea and thus the bronchi.
C) it facilitates turning of the head.
D) the bronchi are also C-shaped.
E) it permits the trachea to pinch shut prior to sneezing.

Question 45

Air passing through the glottis vibrates the vocal folds and produces

A) speech.
B) articulation.
C) phonation.
D) whistling.
E) ululation.

Question 46

The elastic cartilage that covers the opening to the larynx during swallowing is the

A) thyroid cartilage.
B) cricoid cartilage.
C) corniculate cartilage.
D) cuneiform cartilage.
E) epiglottis.

Question 47

An acute infection of the throat that can lead to swelling and closure of the glottis and cause suffocationis known as

A) laryngitis.
B) laryngospasm.
C) acute epiglottitis.
D) strep throat.
E) acute pharyngitis.

Question 48

The vocal folds are located within the

A) nasopharynx.
B) oropharynx.
C) larynx.
D) trachea.
E) bronchi.

Question 49

The largest cartilage of the larynx is the ________ cartilage.

A) thyroid
B) cricoid
C) cuneiform
D) arytenoid
E) epiglottic

Question 50

Which of the following statements about the trachea is false?

A) It is lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
B) Tracheal cartilages prevent tracheal collapse.
C) It contains many mucous glands.
D) It alters its diameter in response to the autonomic nervous system.
E) It is completely wrapped in smooth muscle.

Question 51

The laryngeal cartilage which is not composed of hyaline cartilage is the

A) arytenoid.
B) corniculate.
C) cricoid.
D) epiglottis.
E) thyroid.

Question 52

A pair of ligaments covered by laryngeal epithelium that function in sound production are the

A) intrinsic ligaments.
B) extrinsic ligaments.
C) ventricular folds.
D) vocal folds.
E) intrinsic laryngeal muscles.

Question 53

Tina is singing a song. At a certain point in the song, she forces a large volume of air out of the glottisand at the same time increases the tension on her vocal cords. The sound that she produces is

A) low pitched and loud.
B) high pitched and loud.
C) low pitched and soft.
D) high pitched and soft.
E) medium pitched and soft.

Question 54

Contraction of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles can

A) move the cricoid cartilage.
B) close the glottis.
C) constrict the trachea.
D) move food from the larynx to the esophagus.
E) assist in breathing during exercise.

Question 55

The ________ branch from the trachea at the carina.

A) terminal bronchioles
B) lobar bronchi
C) segmental bronchi
D) primary bronchi
E) alveolar ducts

Question 56

The adult human trachea is about ________ in diameter and contains ________ tracheal cartilages.

A) 1.0 cm; 15-20
B) 1.0 cm; 10-15
C) 2.5 cm; 15-20
D) 2.5 cm; 40-50
E) 4.5 cm; 60-80

Question 57

The airway that connects the larynx to the bronchial tree is the

A) trachea.
B) bronchiole.
C) laryngopharynx.
D) alveolar duct.
E) bronchus.

Question 58

The paired cartilages that articulate with the superior border of the cricoid cartilage are the ________cartilages.

A) cricothyroid
B) innominate
C) cuneiform
D) corniculate
E) arytenoid

Question 59

A common site to place a tracheostomy tube is through the ligament that connects the cricoid cartilage to the ________ cartilage.

A) thyroid
B) cuneiform
C) corniculate
D) epiglottic
E) vestibular

Question 60

Roughly ________ terminal bronchioles arise from each segmental bronchus.

A) 1,500
B) 3,000
C) 6,500
D) 10,000
E) 100,000

Question 61

Asthma is

A) a collapsed lung resulting from insufficient production of surfactant.
B) due to an excessive stimulation of smooth muscle in bronchioles.
C) an obstructive tumor targeting primarily the terminal bronchioles.
D) characterized by fluid buildup in the alveoli.
E) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Question 62

Primary bronchi enter their respective lungs along with pulmonary vessels, nerves, and lymphatics at whichregion?

A) base
B) apex
C) hilum
D) cardiac notch
E) superior lobe

Question 63

The right lung is to ________ as the left lung is to ________.

A) three lobes; two lobes
B) two lobes; two lobes
C) two lobes; three lobes
D) three lobes; three lobes
E) four lobes; three lobes

Question 64

The interlobular septa divide the lungs into

A) lobes.
B) pulmonary lobules.
C) alveolar sacs.
D) vital capacity and residual volume.
E) visceral pleura and fibrous trabeculae.

Question 65

Respiratory function deteriorates as a result of pneumonia because inflammation

A) causes fluids to leak into the alveoli.
B) causes respiratory bronchioles to swell and dilate.
C) causes the lungs to leak air into the thorax.
D) reduces movement of the epiglottis.
E) reduces the size of the pleural cavity.

Question 66

JJ is suffering from laryngitis. He will most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

A) coughing
B) hoarseness
C) sneezing
D) suffocation
E) impaired swallowing

Question 67

The blood air barrier consists of

A) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
B) 1 layer of moist cuboidal epithelium.
C) 2 layers of simple squamous epithelium.
D) stratified squamous epithelium.
E) surfactant cells.

Question 68

The following is a list of some airways. What is the order in which air passes through them?
1) lobar bronchus
2) bronchioles
3) alveolar ducts
4) primary bronchus
5) respiratory bronchiole
6) alveoli
7) terminal bronchiole

A) 4, 1, 2, 7, 5, 3, 6
B) 4, 1, 2, 5, 7, 3, 6
C) 1, 4, 2, 5, 7, 3, 6
D) 1, 4, 2, 7, 5, 3, 6
E) 2, 4, 1, 7, 5, 3, 6

Question 69

The condition resulting from inadequate production of surfactant and the resultant collapse of alveoli is

A) respiratory distress syndrome.
B) COPD.
C) anoxia.
D) pulmonary embolism.
E) pneumothorax.

Question 70

The thyroid cartilage is also called the

A) vestibular fold.
B) vocal cord.
C) laryngeal prominence.
D) Adam's apple.
E) laryngeal prominence and Adam's apple.

Question 71

The flap-like structure that prevents food from entering the larynx is called the

A) uvula.
B) soft palate.
C) epiglottis.
D) thyroid cartilage.
E) cricoid cartilage.

Question 72

Children have slender, short vocal cords so their voices tend to be

A) louder.
B) softer.
C) higher pitched.
D) lower pitched.
E) deeper toned.

Question 73

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term bronchiolar smooth muscle?

A) accessory muscle of expiration
B) accessory muscle of inspiration
C) primary muscle of inspiration
D) contraction increases airway resistance
E) affects lung compliance

Question 74

A patient with a connective tissue disease experiences increased pulmonary vascular resistance. Over a period of time, you would expect to observe

A) increased cardiac output from the right ventricle.
B) increased cardiac output from the left ventricle.
C) increased thickness of the right ventricular wall.
D) distension of the pulmonary veins from the right lung.
E) no appreciable changes in heart structure or function.

Question 75

The most superior portion of the lung is called the

A) base.
B) apex.
C) cardiac notch.
D) hilus.
E) epipleurium.

Question 76

An elastic ________ ligament and the ________ muscle connect the ends of tracheal cartilage.

A) tracheal; trachealis
B) anular; trachealis
C) tracheal; anular
D) cricoid; anular
E) cricoid; trachealis

Question 77

The ligament bridging the larynx with the trachea is the ________ ligament.

A) cricoid
B) thyrohyoid
C) vestibular
D) cricothyroid
E) cricotracheal

Question 78

Surfactant is produced by what cell type in the alveolus?

A) smooth muscle cells
B) pneumocytes Type I
C) pneumocytes Type II
D) pneumocytes Type I and Type II
E) alveolar macrophages

Question 79

The actual sites of gas exchange within the lungs are the

A) bronchioles.
B) terminal bronchioles.
C) spaces between the parietal and visceral pleura.
D) blood air barrier of the alveoli.
E) interlobular septa.

Question 80

The resulting pain and inflammation when pleural fluid is unable to prevent friction between the opposing pleural surfaces is known as

A) pleurisy.
B) pulmonary hypertension.
C) asthma.
D) emphysema.
E) COPD.