Deck 24: The Digestive System

Question 1

The double-layer sheets of serous membrane that support the viscera are called

A) peritoneal sheets.
B) mesenteries.
C) ascites.
D) the diaphragm.
E) the dorsal and ventral frenulums.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Sensory nerve cells, parasympathetic ganglia, and sympathetic postganglionic fibers can be found in the

A) mucosa.
B) serosa.
C) adventitia.
D) submucosal neural plexus.
E) lamina propria.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?

A) mechanical processing
B) absorption
C) secretion
D) ingestion
E) filtration

Answer 3

E

Question 4

The lamina propria and mucous epithelium are components of the

A) serosa.
B) adventitia.
C) muscularis mucosa.
D) mucosa.
E) submucosa.

Question 5

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term submucosal plexus?

A) component of mucosa
B) sensory neural network
C) secretes a watery fluid
D) coordinates activity of muscularis externa
E) loose connective tissue layer containing blood vessels

Question 6

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term myenteric plexus?

A) component of mucosa
B) sensory neural network
C) secretes a watery fluid
D) coordinates activity of muscularis externa
E) loose connective tissue layer containing blood vessels

Question 7

Sandwiched between the layer of circular and longitudinal muscle in the muscularis externa is the

A) mucosa.
B) submucosa.
C) muscularis mucosa.
D) myenteric plexus.
E) submucosal neural plexus.

Question 8

Which organ is responsible for dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials?

A) small intestine
B) esophagus
C) large intestine
D) stomach
E) anus

Question 9

Contraction of the ________ alters the shape of the intestinal lumen and moves epithelial pleats and folds.

A) mucosa
B) submucosa
C) submucosal neural plexus
D) muscularis mucosa
E) adventitia

Question 10

Digestion refers to the

A) progressive dehydration of indigestible residue.
B) mechanical breakdown of food.
C) chemical breakdown of food.
D) mechanical and chemical breakdown of food.
E) release of water, acids, enzymes and buffers by organs.

Question 11

Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract are called

A) segmentation.
B) pendular movements.
C) peristalsis.
D) churning movements.
E) mastication.

Question 12

The ________ are double sheets of peritoneal membrane that suspend the visceral organs and carry nerves,lymphatics, and blood vessels.

A) serosa
B) adventitia
C) mesenteries
D) fibrosa
E) lamina propria

Question 13

The ________ supports all but 25 cm of the small intestine and provides stability and limited movement.

A) falciform ligament
B) greater omentum
C) mesentery proper
D) lesser omentum
E) diaphragm

Question 14

A feature of the digestive tract wall that increases surface area available for absorption is the

A) transitional cells.
B) circular folds.
C) elastic cells.
D) rugae.
E) muscularis mucosa.

Question 15

Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract except the

A) stomach.
B) pharynx.
C) esophagus.
D) bladder.
E) colon.

Question 16

The layer of loose connective tissue that directly supports the digestive epithelium is the

A) lamina propria.
B) muscularis mucosae.
C) submucosa.
D) submucosal neural plexus.
E) myenteric plexus.

Question 17

A stratified squamous epithelial lining can be found in all of the following except in the

A) anal canal.
B) esophagus.
C) stomach.
D) oropharynx.
E) oral cavity.

Question 18

Large blood vessels and lymphatics are found in the

A) mucosa.
B) submucosa.
C) muscularis.
D) adventitia.
E) serosa.

Question 19

Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion?

A) appendix
B) pancreas
C) spleen
D) colon
E) esophagus

Question 20

Which of the following contains adipose tissue and provides padding for the anterior and lateral portions of the abdomen?

A) falciform ligament
B) greater omentum
C) mesentery proper
D) lesser omentum
E) diaphragm

Question 21

A structure that helps prevent food from entering the pharynx prematurely is the

A) uvula.
B) pharyngeal arch.
C) palatoglossal arch.
D) palatopharyngeal arch.
E) epiglottis.

Question 22

Put the following layers of the digestive tract wall in order from the lumen to the deepest layer.
1) lamina propria
2) muscularis externa
3) submucosa
4) digestive (mucous) epithelium
5) serosa
6) muscularis mucosae

A) 5, 2, 3, 6, 1, 4
B) 4, 1, 6, 3, 2, 5
C) 4, 6, 3, 1, 2, 5
D) 5, 4, 2, 6, 1, 3
E) 1, 4, 3, 6, 2, 5

Question 23

The root of a tooth is covered by

A) enamel.
B) cement.
C) dentin.
D) pulp.
E) the root canal.

Question 24

The process of defecation eliminates

A) a bolus.
B) chyme.
C) feces.
D) ascites.
E) bile.

Question 25

________ pair(s) of salivary glands secrete into the oral cavity.

A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four
E) Six to Ten

Question 26

The oral mucosa has ________ epithelium.

A) simple squamous
B) stratified squamous
C) pseudostratified
D) stratified columnar
E) transitional

Question 27

All of the following contain mucous cells in the epithelium except the

A) stomach.
B) transverse colon.
C) esophagus.
D) small intestine.
E) large intestine.

Question 28

The mesocolon is

A) a section of the large intestines between the sigmoid colon and the rectum.
B) a thick mesenteric sheet associated with the small intestines.
C) a ligament that suspends the liver from the diaphragm.
D) a serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity.
E) a mesentery associated with a portion of the large intestine.

Question 29

What provides access for blood vessels entering and leaving the liver?

A) falciform ligament
B) greater omentum
C) mesentery proper
D) lesser omentum
E) diaphragm

Question 30

Hormones are released from the mucosa layer by these cells?

A) enteroendocrine cells
B) Kupffer cells
C) Paneth cells
D) serous cells
E) mucus cells

Question 31

The functions of the oral cavity include all of the following except

A) sensory analysis of material before swallowing.
B) mechanical processing of food.
C) lubrication.
D) absorption of monosaccharides.
E) digestion of carbohydrates.

Question 32

Becky is experiencing indigestion and pain. The doctor also notes ascites formation in her abdomen. Whatisascites?

A) buildup of bile in the bile duct
B) gallstones blocking the cystic duct
C) inflammation of the appendix
D) buildup of peritoneal fluid in the peritoneal cavity
E) buildup of pancreatic juice in the pancreas

Question 33

Which accessory organ of the digestive system does not produce any enzymes or digestive secretions?

A) pancreas
B) gallbladder
C) liver
D) salivary glands
E) teeth

Question 34

Functions of the tongue include all of the following except

A) mechanical processing of food.
B) manipulation of food.
C) sensory analysis of food.
D) aiding in speech.
E) partitioning the oropharynx from the nasopharynx.

Question 35

The ________ gland empties into the oral cavity at the level of the second upper molar.

A) submaxillary
B) submandibular
C) parotid
D) sublingual
E) vestibular

Question 36

The greater omentum is

A) the entrance to the stomach.
B) attached to the stomach at the lesser curvature.
C) important in the digestion of fats.
D) a fatty sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera.
E) a sheet of mesentery that attaches to the liver.

Question 37

The movement of nutrients from the digestive tract lumen across the epithelium is called

A) chemical digestion.
B) absorption.
C) secretion.
D) reabsorption.
E) ingestion.

Question 38

The part of a tooth that contains blood vessels and nerves is the

A) enamel.
B) cement.
C) dentin.
D) pulp cavity.
E) periodontium.

Question 39

The bulk of each tooth consists of a mineralized matrix similar to that of bone called

A) enamel.
B) cement.
C) dentin.
D) pulp.
E) periodontium.

Question 40

A disease that attacks and disables the myenteric plexus would

A) increase intestinal motility.
B) decrease intestinal motility.
C) increase gastric secretion.
D) decrease gastric secretion.
E) interfere with both intestinal motility and gastric secretion.

Question 41

A blockage of the ducts from the parotid glands would

A) occur when too much protein is ingested.
B) cause mumps.
C) interfere with carbohydrate digestion in the mouth.
D) prevent emulsification of lipids.
E) inhibit the secretion of saliva from other glands.

Question 42

The uvula is located at the

A) posterior of the tongue.
B) margin of the vestibule.
C) base of a tooth.
D) posterior margin of the soft palate.
E) margin of the oropharynx and the laryngopharynx.

Question 43

The oral cavity is also known as the ________ cavity.

A) gingivae
B) pharyngeal
C) digestive
D) buccal
E) lingual

Question 44

________ are pointed teeth that are adapted for tearing and slashing.

A) Incisors
B) Bicuspids
C) Premolars
D) Cuspids
E) Molars

Question 45

The ________ salivary glands are covered by the mucous membrane in the floor of the mouth.

A) mandibular
B) sublingual
C) lingual
D) submandibular
E) parotid

Question 46

The crown of a tooth is covered by

A) enamel.
B) cement.
C) dentin.
D) pulp.
E) periodontium.

Question 47

Within the oral cavity, both mechanical and chemical ________ begin.

A) mastication
B) deglutition
C) digestion
D) ingestion
E) secretions

Question 48

The dangling process that aids in keeping food out of the nasopharynx is known as the

A) palatine tonsil.
B) pharyngeal tonsil.
C) soft palate.
D) tongue.
E) uvula.

Question 49

The space between the cheeks or lips and the teeth is called the

A) pharynx.
B) larynx.
C) fauces.
D) vestibule.
E) frenulum.

Question 50

The first teeth to appear are the ________ teeth.

A) provisional
B) transitory
C) transitional
D) temporary
E) deciduous

Question 51

________ are teeth with flattened crowns and prominent ridges that are adapted for crushing and grinding.

A) Molars
B) Cuspids
C) Eye teeth
D) Canines
E) Dentins

Question 52

There are normally a total of ________ permanent teeth.

A) 20
B) 25
C) 28
D) 32
E) 34

Question 53

In most cases, the mumps is a viral infection of the ________ glands.

A) mandibular
B) sublingual
C) parotid
D) submandibular
E) lingual

Question 54

The ridge of oral mucosa that surrounds the base of a tooth is the

A) vestibule.
B) gingiva.
C) alveolus.
D) uvula.
E) faux.

Question 55

________ are also known as canines.

A) Premolars
B) Incisors
C) Molars
D) Secondary teeth
E) Cuspids

Question 56

Increased secretion by all the salivary glands results from

A) sympathetic stimulation.
B) hormonal stimulation.
C) parasympathetic stimulation.
D) myenteric reflexes.
E) hunger.

Question 57

________ are blade-shaped teeth that function in cutting or clipping.

A) Canines
B) Premolars
C) Cuspids
D) Incisors
E) Molars

Question 58

There are normally a total of ________ deciduous teeth.

A) 18
B) 20
C) 25
D) 28
E) 32

Question 59

The connection of the anterior portion of the tongue to the underlying epithelium is the

A) uvula.
B) faux.
C) lingual frenulum.
D) labial frenulum.
E) glossal septum.

Question 60

Which salivary gland produces a serous secretion containing large amounts of salivary amylase?

A) mandibular
B) sublingual
C) lingual
D) submandibular
E) parotid

Question 61

The location of the palatine tonsil in the oral cavity is

A) under the tongue on both sides.
B) inferior to the lingual frenulum.
C) posterior to the raphe.
D) between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches.
E) superior to the uvula.

Question 62

Muscles known as the pharyngeal constrictors function in

A) mastication.
B) moving the tongue.
C) swallowing.
D) esophageal peristalsis.
E) opening the cardiac sphincter.

Question 63

The oral mucosa in much of the oral cavity such as the roof of the mouth and the surface of the tongue is comprised of ________ epithelium.

A) keratinized stratified squamous
B) nonkeratinized stratified squamous
C) keratinized simple squamous
D) nonkeratinized simple squamous
E) goblet cell

Question 64

During deglutition, which of the following phases is first?

A) buccal
B) pharyngeal
C) gastric
D) esophageal
E) enteric

Question 65

Which of the following statements is not true of swallowing?

A) The buccal phase is a voluntary phase.
B) Breathing stops during the pharyngeal phase.
C) Primary peristaltic waves are controlled by the facial nerves.
D) Secondary peristaltic waves are needed if the bolus is dry.
E) The lower esophageal sphincter relaxes to allow the bolus to enter the stomach.

Question 66

Which of the following is not a pharyngeal muscle involved in swallowing?

A) pharyngeal constrictor muscle
B) palatopharyngeus
C) stylopharyngeus
D) omohyoid
E) palatal

Question 67

Which salivary gland produces a mucous rich secretion that acts as a buffer and lubricant?

A) parotid
B) sublingual
C) submandibular
D) lingual
E) palatine

Question 68

The esophagus has several variations from the standard plan of the GI tract. These include

A) epithelium of mucosa is stratified squamous.
B) epithelium of mucosa is simple columnar.
C) muscularis externa has some skeletal muscle.
D) epithelium of mucosa is stratified squamous and simple columnar.
E) epithelium of mucosa is simple columnar and muscularis externa may be striated muscle.

Question 69

Parietal cells secrete

A) pepsinogen.
B) gastrin.
C) mucus.
D) hydrochloric acid.
E) enteropeptidase.

Question 70

Upon swallowing, food moves from the mouth directly into the

A) oral vestibule.
B) buccal cavity.
C) sublingual space.
D) oropharynx.
E) oral mucosae.

Question 71

Intrinsic and extrinsic movements of the tongue are controlled by the ________ cranial nerves.

A) vagus
B) hypoglossal
C) facial
D) accessory
E) trochlear

Question 72

G cells of the stomach secrete

A) cholecystokinin.
B) secretin.
C) gastrin.
D) enteropeptidase.
E) pepsin.

Question 73

Hillary could not suckle milk properly due to the inability to protrude her tongue. The physician diagnosedher with

A) mumps.
B) gastritis.
C) diverticulitis.
D) glossopharyngitis.
E) ankyloglossia.

Question 74

Which structure is not found in the oral cavity?

A) palatine tonsil
B) palatoglossal arch
C) conchae
D) gingivae
E) uvula

Question 75

The technical term for chewing is

A) mastication.
B) deglutition.
C) peristalsis.
D) segmentation.
E) borborygmus.

Question 76

The epithelium lining the oropharynx is

A) simple squamous.
B) simple cuboidal.
C) simple columnar.
D) stratified squamous.
E) pseudostratified squamous.

Question 77

Each tooth is held in the alveolar socket by the

A) cement.
B) roots.
C) periodontal ligament.
D) alveolar tendon.
E) apical foramen.

Question 78

To which region of the stomach does the esophagus connect?

A) fundus
B) cardia
C) body
D) antrum
E) pyloric part

Question 79

Functions of the stomach include all of the following except

A) storage of ingested food.
B) denaturation of proteins.
C) initiation of protein digestion.
D) absorption of triglycerides.
E) mechanical breakdown of food.

Question 80

Chief cells secrete

A) pepsinogen.
B) gastrin.
C) mucus.
D) hydrochloric acid.
E) intrinsic factor.