Deck 35: Respiratory Tract

Question 1

The lower border of the cavity of the larynx is formed by the:

A)epiglottis.
B)cricoid cartilage.
C)glottis.
D)thyroid cartilage.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The more common name for the pharynx is the:

A)throat.
B)windpipe.
C)voice box.
D)nasal cavity.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The respiratory portion of the nasal passage is lined with a mucous membrane made up of _____ epithelium.

A)stratified columnar
B)pseudostratified columnar
C)simple squamous
D)simple columnar

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Paranasal sinuses are normally filled with:

A)bone marrow.
B)a serous fluid.
C)mucus.
D)air.

Question 5

Olfactory epithelium is found:

A)lining the nasopharynx.
B)covering the superior turbinate.
C)lining the paranasal sinuses.
D)in all of the above.

Question 6

Which of the following does not distribute air?

A)Trachea
B)Bronchus
C)Alveolus
D)Nose

Question 7

The upper respiratory tract includes all of the following structures except the:

A)larynx.
B)trachea.
C)oropharynx.
D)nasopharynx.

Question 8

Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system?

A)Assists with homeostasis of body pH
B)Distributes oxygen to cells
C)Filters air
D)Warms air

Question 9

The anatomical division of the pharynx that is located behind the mouth from the soft palate above to the level of the hyoid bone below is called the:

A)nasopharynx.
B)oropharynx.
C)laryngopharynx.
D)sphenopharynx.

Question 10

Which of the following is true of the cribriform plate?

A)It separates the nasal and cranial cavities.
B)It forms the lateral aspects of the nose.
C)It separates the internal nose from the mouth.
D)It forms a midline separation in the nasal cavity.

Question 11

The function of the vibrissae in the vestibule is to:

A)provide a large, mucus-covered surface area over which air must pass before reaching the pharynx.
B)provide an initial "filter" to screen particulate matter from air that is entering the system.
C)produce copious quantities of mucus.
D)serve as resonating chambers for speech.

Question 12

Which of the following is not lined with a ciliated mucous membrane?

A)Vestibule
B)Posterior nares
C)Trachea
D)Primary bronchi

Question 13

The external openings to the nasal cavities can be referred to as:

A)nostrils.
B)anterior nares.
C)external nares.
D)all of the above.

Question 14

The hollow nasal cavity is separated by a midline partition called the:

A)septum.
B)conchae.
C)cribriform plate.
D)turbinates.

Question 15

The fauces, one of the seven openings found in the pharynx, opens into the:

A)oropharynx.
B)nasopharynx.
C)esophagus.
D)Both A and B are correct.

Question 16

Which of the following lists the correct sequence of air as it passes through the nose into the pharynx?

A)Vestibule anterior nares inferior, middle, and superior meatus posterior nares
B)Inferior, middle, and superior meatus nostrils vestibule posterior nares
C)Anterior nares vestibule inferior, middle, and superior meatus posterior nares
D)Anterior nares posterior nares vestibule inferior, middle, and superior meatus

Question 17

The structures that deflect air as it passes through the nose are called:

A)choanae.
B)paranasal sinuses.
C)conchae.
D)vibrissae.

Question 18

The largest of the paranasal sinuses is the:

A)maxillary.
B)frontal.
C)ethmoid.
D)sphenoid.

Question 19

The small openings in the cribriform plate function to:

A)allow air to move between the nostrils.
B)allow branches of the olfactory nerve to enter the cranial cavity and reach the brain.
C)provide a filtering system for the inspired air.
D)do both A and B.

Question 20

Which of the following is not a function of the pharynx?

A)Aids in forming vowel sounds
B)Provides pathway for food
C)Determines the quality of the voice
D)Provides pathway for air

Question 21

The divisions of the thoracic cavity include all of the following except the:

A)left pleural cavity.
B)right pleural cavity.
C)respiratory cavity.
D)mediastinum.

Question 22

In the right lung, the superior and middle lobes are separated by the:

A)horizontal fissure.
B)oblique fissure.
C)bronchopulmonary segments.
D)hilum.

Question 23

The structure in the neck known as the "Adam's apple" is the:

A)epiglottis.
B)cricoid cartilage.
C)glottis.
D)thyroid cartilage.

Question 24

The function of surfactant is to:

A)transport oxygen from the air to the blood.
B)transport carbon dioxide from the blood to the air.
C)prevent each alveolus from collapsing as air moves in and out during respiration.
D)trap foreign particles as they enter the bronchial tree.

Question 25

Which of the following is not an accessory structure of the respiratory system?

A)Oral cavity
B)Trachea
C)Rib cage
D)Diaphragm

Question 26

The length of the pharynx is about _____ cm.

A)3.5
B)8.5
C)12.5
D)17.5

Question 27

Which of the following is not a paranasal sinus?

A)Frontal
B)Maxillary
C)Mandibular
D)Sphenoid

Question 28

Gas exchange, the lungs' main and vital function, takes place in the:

A)bronchioles.
B)secondary bronchi.
C)primary bronchi.
D)alveoli.

Question 29

The approximate length of the trachea, or windpipe, is _____ cm.

A)5
B)11
C)17
D)24

Question 30

The small, leaf-shaped cartilage behind the tongue and hyoid bone is the:

A)cricoid cartilage.
B)thyroid cartilage.
C)corniculate cartilage.
D)epiglottis.

Question 31

Which of these is not an opening in the pharynx?

A)Trachea
B)Eustachian tube
C)The fauces
D)Esophagus

Question 32

The smallest branches of the bronchial tree are:

A)primary bronchi.
B)secondary bronchi.
C)tertiary bronchi.
D)bronchioles.

Question 33

Air inhaled through the mouth would be _____ than air inhaled through the nose.

A)warmer
B)dirtier
C)moister
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 34

Which of the following is not a subdivision of the thoracic cavity?

A)Left pleural division
B)Right pleural division
C)Medial pleural division
D)Mediastinum

Question 35

Which of the following is not a true statement?

A)When the diaphragm relaxes, it returns to a domelike shape.
B)When the diaphragm contracts, it pulls the floor of the thoracic cavity downward.
C)Changes in thorax size bring about inspiration and expiration.
D)Raising the ribs decreases the depth and width of the thorax.

Question 36

The vomeronasal organ:

A)is the structure that joins the nasal cavity and the vomer bone.
B)is vestigial with no known function in the adult.
C)may be able to respond to complex chemicals called pheromones.
D)Both A and C are correct.

Question 37

Which of the following is true of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

A)Their origin is the hyoid bone.
B)They move the larynx as a whole.
C)They serve in voice production.
D)Both A and B are correct.

Question 38

Which of the following statements is not true about the respiratory mucosa?

A)The cilia can "taste" bitter toxins in the air.
B)The cilia respond to toxins by moving more rapidly to remove the toxin.
C)The longer a cilia is exposed to a toxin, the more effectively it moves to expel it.
D)All of the above statements are true about the respiratory mucosa.

Question 39

The eustachian tube connects the middle ear with the:

A)trachea.
B)nose.
C)nasopharynx.
D)oropharynx.

Question 40

Cellular respiration occurs:

A)in the alveoli.
B)on the red blood cell.
C)in the mitochondria.
D)in both A and B.

Question 41

Which of these is the only opening to the oropharynx?

A)The fauces
B)Eustachian tubes (auditory tubes)
C)Posterior nares
D)The esophagus

Question 42

At the level of the hyoid bone, the:

A)laryngopharynx becomes the esophagus.
B)oropharynx becomes the laryngopharynx.
C)nasopharynx becomes the oropharynx.
D)nasopharynx becomes the laryngopharynx.

Question 43

Which is a pyramid-shaped cartilage that is an attachment point of the vocal cords?

A)Arytenoid
B)Thyroid
C)Epiglottis
D)Adam's apple

Question 44

Which pair of tonsils is located in the oropharynx?

A)Pharyngeal tonsils
B)Palatine tonsils
C)Lingual tonsils
D)Both B and C

Question 45

Gas exchange occurs across the:

A)respiratory mucosa.
B)respiratory membrane.
C)visceral pleura.
D)pulmonary membrane.

Question 46

Which pair of tonsils is located in the nasopharynx?

A)Pharyngeal tonsils
B)Palatine tonsils
C)Lingual tonsils
D)Both B and C

Question 47

Which of the following is a paired cartilage in the larynx?

A)Thyroid
B)Cuneiform
C)Epiglottis
D)None of the above

Question 48

Which of the following is not part of the external portion of the nose?

A)Nasal bones
B)Palatine bones
C)Alar cartilages
D)All of the above are part of the external portion of the nose.

Question 49

The more correct name for a sore throat is:

A)rhinitis.
B)laryngitis.
C)pharyngitis.
D)tonsillitis.

Question 50

The total number of lobes in both lungs is:

A)6.
B)5.
C)4.
D)3.

Question 51

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the paranasal sinuses?

A)They are air filled.
B)They are named after the bones in which they are located.
C)They drain or open into the oropharynx.
D)All of the above are true of the paranasal sinuses.

Question 52

For purposes of study, the respiratory system can be divided into what two parts?

A)Air distribution and gas exchange
B)Upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract
C)Trachea and lungs
D)Cranial and thoracic

Question 53

Which of these structures is not part of the lower respiratory tract?

A)Larynx
B)Trachea
C)Lungs
D)All of the above are part of the lower respiratory tract.

Question 54

The cribriform plate is part of the:

A)nasal bone.
B)palatine bone.
C)ethmoid bone.
D)nasal conchae.

Question 55

Which of these structures is not part of the nasal septum?

A)Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
B)Vomer bone
C)Vomeronasal cartilage
D)All of the above are part of the nasal septum.

Question 56

Ciliated cells lining the respiratory tract:

A)help move air into and out of the lungs.
B)trap and phagocytize microorganisms.
C)help move the mucus blanket toward the pharynx.
D)do both B and C.

Question 57

Which of these structures is not a part of the glottis?

A)True vocal cords
B)Rima glottidis
C)False vocal cords
D)Both B and C

Question 58

Which of the following is not part of the respiratory membrane?

A)Ciliated respiratory mucosa
B)Alveolar epithelium
C)Capillary epithelium
D)All of the above are part of the respiratory membrane.

Question 59

Which is the most proximal part of the air distribution system that no longer contains cartilage?

A)Primary bronchi
B)Secondary bronchi
C)Bronchioles
D)Alveolar ducts

Question 60

Which of these structures is not found in the left lung?

A)Oblique fissure
B)Secondary bronchi entering the superior lobe
C)Secondary bronchi entering the inferior lobe
D)Horizontal fissure

Question 61

The lingual tonsils are the tonsils most commonly removed by a tonsillectomy.

Question 62

What aspects of the structure of lung tissue make efficient gas exchange possible?

A)The enormous surface area of the bronchus and trachea, where the very thin-walled alveoli and equally thin-walled pulmonary capillaries make possible extremely rapid diffusion of gases between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood
B)A small surface area and the respiratory membrane, where the very thin-walled alveoli and equally thin-walled pulmonary capillaries make possible lower diffusion of gases between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood and help retain oxygen in the body
C)The enormous surface area and the respiratory membrane, where the very thin-walled alveoli and equally thin-walled pulmonary capillaries make possible extremely rapid diffusion of gases between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood
D)A small surface area such as the pleura, where the very thin-walled alveoli and equally thin-walled pulmonary capillaries make possible extremely rapid diffusion of gases between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood

Question 63

When air leaves the posterior nares, it next enters the trachea.

Question 64

The cribriform plate is perforated by many small holes through which branches of the olfactory nerve pass, relaying smell to the brain.

Question 65

The nose is surrounded by the frontal bone and the mandible.

Question 66

Which statement describes the function of the turbinates in the respiratory tract?

A)Turbinates contain the vibrissae, which serve as an initial "filter" to screen particulate matter from the air.
B)Turbinates serve as baffles to provide a large, mucus-covered surface area over which air must pass before reaching the pharynx.
C)Turbinates lighten the bones of the skull and serve as resonating chambers for speech.
D)Turbinates are lined with a ciliated membrane and form two cartilaginous folds that serve as the vestibular vocal cords.

Question 67

The more common name for the pharynx is the voice box.

Question 68

The hollow nasal cavity is separated by a midline partition, the conchae, dividing it into a right cavity and a left cavity.

Question 69

Hollow sinuses act to lighten the bones of the skull and serve as resonating chambers for speech.

Question 70

Which statement differentiates between the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the larynx and explains which one moves the larynx?

A)Intrinsic muscles have both their origin and insertion on the larynx, whereas extrinsic muscles insert on the larynx but have their origin on some other structure; neither muscle moves nor displaces the larynx as a whole.
B)Intrinsic muscles have both their origin and insertion on the larynx, whereas extrinsic muscles insert on the larynx but have their origin on some other structure; contraction of the extrinsic muscles actually moves or displaces the larynx as a whole.
C)Intrinsic muscles have both their origin and insertion on the larynx, whereas extrinsic muscles insert on the larynx but have their origin on some other structure; contraction of the intrinsic muscles actually moves or displaces the larynx as a whole.
D)Intrinsic muscles have both their origin and insertion outside of the larynx, whereas extrinsic muscles insert on the larynx but have their origin and insertions on the larynx and actually move or displace the larynx as a whole.

Question 71

The external openings into the nasal cavities are called nares.

Question 72

Which describes the role of surfactant in the respiratory system?

A)Surfactant helps increase surface tension within the alveoli, thus preventing each alveolus from collapsing as air moves in and out during respiration.
B)Surfactant helps reduce surface tension within the alveoli, thus preventing each alveolus from collapsing as air moves in and out during respiration.
C)Surfactant provides a layer of protective mucus that covers a large portion of the membrane that lines the respiratory tree, thereby purifying the air during inhalation.
D)Surfactant helps increase surface area, which increases the rate of gas exchange within the alveoli.

Question 73

When the palatine bones fail to unite completely, the resulting condition is called cleft palate.

Question 74

The first structure with which the air comes in contact as it moves from the nose into the pharynx is the anterior nares.

Question 75

The vibrissae serve as baffles to provide a large, mucus-covered surface area over which air must pass before reaching the pharynx.

Question 76

The trachea is more commonly called the throat.

Question 77

The olfactory epithelium contains many nerve cells and a rich lymphatic supply.

Question 78

Another name for the larynx is the throat.

Question 79

There are eight paranasal sinuses.

Question 80

Anatomically, how does the right bronchus differ from the left bronchus, and what effect might this have on the aspiration of objects?

A)The right bronchus is the same size and shape as the left. Therefore, aspiration of foreign objects can occur equally often in either bronchus.
B)The left bronchus is slightly larger and more vertical than the right. This anatomical fact helps explain why aspirated foreign objects frequently lodge in the left bronchus.
C)The right bronchus is slightly larger and more vertical than the left. This anatomical fact helps explain why aspirated foreign objects frequently lodge in the right bronchus.
D)The right bronchus is slightly smaller and more vertical than the left. This anatomical fact helps explain why aspirated foreign objects frequently lodge in the left bronchus.