Deck 2: Studying Human Sexuality

Question 1

Statistics about sexual behavior that are promoted the most in the media tend to

A)reflect current scholarly research.
B)be distorted or over simplified.
C)show the persuasiveness of aberrant sexual behaviors.
D)reinforce sexual stereotypes.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

One way to assess the credibility of a website with information about sexuality is to

A)ask a licensed sex therapist about it.
B)investigate its sponsor.
C)look for it on Google Scholar.
D)look for testimonials on the site.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Stereotypical beliefs

A)are surprisingly flexible.
B)are often positive.
C)are based on objective studies.
D)are resistant to change.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Jed states that all men want sex all the time.Although several of his friends have tried to convince him otherwise,he maintains that "we're all that way." This is an example of a(n)

A)stereotype.
B)factual statement.
C)value judgment.
D)bias.

Question 5

Value judgments tend to

A)clarify views of human sexuality.
B)foster objectivity in the study of sexuality.
C)obscure the search for understanding about sexuality.
D)undermine sexual norms in a society.

Question 6

The notion that women need a reason for sex and men need a place is an example of

A)a cultural norm.
B)conventional wisdom.
C)ethnographic profiling.
D)a sexual stereotype.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a stereotypical belief?

A)Elderly people have no interest in sex.
B)Unprotected sexual contact with a new partner can transmit STIs.
C)Gay men have a lot of sex.
D)African American women are more sexually liberated than White women.

Question 8

According to the Times article,The Sunday Times in London asserted,incorrectly,that,

A)Dr.Roselli found evidence to prove that sexual orientation is genetic.
B)sexual orientation is the result of rejection from the mother.
C)Dr.Roselli found a way to cure homosexual rams with hormone treatment.
D)homosexuality was caused by a defective gene.

Question 9

In order to lend scientific credibility to their materials,the sexual information media

A)makes up false research studies.
B)presents actors who pose as experts in sexuality.
C)uses the trappings of social science and psychiatry without the substance.
D)pays experts large sums of money to present information made up by the media.

Question 10

The notion that gay male relationships are doomed to fail is an example of

A)an urban myth.
B)conventional wisdom.
C)cultural insensitivity.
D)a sexual stereotype.

Question 11

A set of simplistic,rigidly held,overgeneralized beliefs about an individual or a group of people is known as a(n)

A)stereotype.
B)opinion.
C)judgment.
D)bias.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of objective statements?

A)They describe how people actually behave.
B)They can be validated empirically.
C)Their truth or accuracy can be measured and tested.
D)They suggest ideals or desirable ways of behaving.

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of an opinion?

A)It is a substantiated belief or conclusion.
B)It is too simplistic.
C)It always involves a value judgment.
D)It is not based on concrete evidence or accurate knowledge.

Question 14

Which of the following best defines a stereotype?

A)It is a simplistic overgeneralized belief about people or ideas.
B)It is a statistically based general statement about a group of people.
C)It is an exaggeration based on a personal experience.
D)It is a statement of personal preference or inclination.

Question 15

The main difference between a value judgment and an objective statement is that objective statements

A)describe how people actually behave.
B)cannot be empirically validated.
C)offer specific examples.
D)are based on the opinions of focus group members.

Question 16

The focus of the sex information/advice genre is on

A)transmitting information that is factual and accurate.
B)issues of interest to young women.
C)informing adults about the variations in sexual behavior.
D)sexual behaviors within the context of celebrity marriages and extramarital affairs.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is a value judgment?

A)Young men and women should masturbate regularly.
B)Young women tend to be sexually inexperienced.
C)Men tend to have more sex partners over a lifetime than do women.
D)A sizable percentage of college men believe that pornographic films offer factual information about sexual behavior.

Question 18

The primary purpose of the sex information/advice genre is to

A)sell copies of the printed material or raise ratings.
B)transmit facts about sexuality to a mass audience.
C)validate research-based findings.
D)enhance the reputations of experts in the field of sexuality.

Question 19

A bias in scientific inquiry causes us to

A)select information that supports our view or belief.
B)question the results of our research.
C)make value judgments about the research of others.
D)engage in ethical practices.

Question 20

According to sociologists,which of the following is true of sexual stereotyping?

A)It helps us differentiate fact from fiction.
B)It can help us to better understand the opposite sex.
C)It is used to justify discrimination.
D)None of these.

Question 21

A major limitation of clinical research is the

A)emphasis on extrapolation from individual case datA.
B)fact that unhealthy providers create unhealthy clients.
C)emphasis on pathological behavior.
D)fact that its results cannot be replicated.

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a sampling-related problem that occurs in sex research?

A)African Americans and Latinos are overrepresented in most studies.
B)College students are the main population group studied.
C)Volunteers may not be truly representative of the whole population.
D)Gay men and lesbian women who have come out may be distinct from those who have not.

Question 23

It is important to be careful while making generalizations from sex research studies because

A)sex research is fraught with violations of taboos and norms.
B)student volunteers frequently give misleading or inaccurate responses.
C)informed consent can create experimenter bias.
D)most research samples have several potential limitations.

Question 24

In the context of sex research methods,clinical research

A)can be used to draw inferences about cause and effect.
B)uses questionnaires to gather information.
C)emphasizes the study of normal individuals.
D)is normally descriptive in nature.

Question 25

Ethical considerations for research in sexuality include

A)an attempt to get the most representative sample possible.
B)informed consent from the participants.
C)maximization of bias.
D)the careful selection of the appropriate research method.

Question 26

A schema performs all of the following functions EXCEPT that it does NOT help us

A)organize knowledge.
B)filter the mass of information we receive.
C)determine what we will regard as important.
D)ensure that the information we receive is accurate.

Question 27

Susan,a researcher,is interested in studying the relationship between illegal drug use and certain high-risk sexual behaviors in her college.She collects questionnaires from students and faculty and has each subject identified by their Social Security Number.In this case,Susan is most likely to be in jeopardy for violating the principle of

A)informed consent.
B)debriefing after deception.
C)right to withdraw.
D)confidentiality.

Question 28

Dr.Barnes is interested in the sexual behavior of middle-aged adults.She goes to a large corporation and collects data on all clerical workers who meet this criterion.Dr.Barnes calls her study "The Sexual Behavior of Middle-Aged American Workers." Dr.Barnes' study could be criticized on the grounds that

A)she has not followed standard ethical guidelines satisfactorily.
B)the findings are not based on a representative sample and is biased.
C)experimentation would have been a better methodology for this study.
D)her study suffers from ethnocentrism.

Question 29

Dr.Johnson would like to study sexual attitudes of the American male.To obtain subjects for his research,he stands outside a Hooters restaurant and asks for volunteers.In this case,the sample used for study is most likely to be a _____ sample.

A)biased
B)representative
C)ethnocentric
D)exclusionary

Question 30

In scientific research,an attempt to generalize the findings of a study with a smaller number of subjects to a larger population is known as a(n)

A)deductive sample.
B)representative sample.
C)biased sample
D)multistage sample.

Question 31

Janet concludes that a particular tribe is bizarre because the men adorn themselves by making holes in their genitalia and filling the holes with little wire rings.She overlooks the fact that in her own culture,people pierce their ears,tongues,eyebrows,and other body parts.This is an example of

A)egocentric fallacy.
B)ethnocentrism.
C)phallocentrism.
D)experimental research.

Question 32

An egocentric fallacy is the mistaken belief that

A)one's sexual behavior is superior to others.
B)one's intellectual ability is superior to others.
C)one's own values are held by others.
D)one's values are mostly disagreed by others.

Question 33

An in-depth examination of an individual or group that goes to a psychiatrist,psychologist,or social worker for assistance with psychological or medical problems or disorders is called

A)ethnocentric bias.
B)a biased sample.
C)survey research.
D)clinical research.

Question 34

Dr.Martinez wants to conduct research on university students' sexual behavior.In this case,prior to beginning the project,he must

A)publish his results in the popular press so all subjects can read about themselves.
B)notify college administrators about which students are participating.
C)demonstrate to a research review board that ethical guidelines will be followed.
D)show that his ethnicity will not bias his results.

Question 35

In the context of sex research methods,the drawing of a general conclusion from specific facts is called

A)induction.
B)deduction.
C)logiC.
D)reliability.

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT a common methodology used in social science research?

A)clinical research
B)unethical research
C)experimental research
D)observational research

Question 37

Portia and Ellen are firmly convinced that their Ivy League college culture is superior to others in every way.They view students from other institutions with disdain.Portia and Ellen may be demonstrating

A)ethnocentrism.
B)phallocentrism.
C)phallic monism.
D)egocentric fallacy.

Question 38

How do the methods employed by sex researchers contrast with those used by other social scientists?

A)Sex researchers cannot conduct experiments without risking STI transmission.
B)Sex researchers must conduct their observations and experiments covertly.
C)Sex researchers must develop completely new methods because of subject matter.
D)Sex researchers are constrained by taboos and additional ethical concerns.

Question 39

Janette selects a set of youth from her local community as samples to study the sexual nature and behavior of adolescent male youth.The youth of her community are known to be atheists and less conservative in sexual endeavors.Based on the information provided,which of the following is a drawback of Janette's study?

A)The results of the study cannot be generalized to the larger population.
B)The sample size used for the study is too large.
C)The questionnaire used by Janette to study adolescent sexual behavior has low validity and reliability.
D)The participants were selected using random sampling method.

Question 40

Ethnocentrism is reinforced by

A)government-sponsored research.
B)objective study of other cultures.
C)globalization efforts of countries.
D)opinions,biases,and stereotypes about other cultures.

Question 41

According to Sigmund Freud,girls and boys develop feminine and masculine identities respectively when they

A)begin to desire their parent of the opposite sex.
B)relinquish their desire for the other-sex parent and begin to identify with their same-sex parent.
C)begin to express their libido in socially acceptable ways.
D)reach the phallic stage of psychosexual development.

Question 42

Danny,one among the many samples selected for a study on sexual behavior of married men,lies about his sexual fetish and the frequency of intercourse in a week.He has casual sex outside marriage but does not reveal it fearing religious reasons.Which of the following sex research methods is Danny most likely to have taken part in this case?

A)observational research method
B)experimental research method
C)survey research method
D)laboratory research method

Question 43

Those factors which are affected by the manipulation of other variables are called

A)dependent variables.
B)absolute variables.
C)autonomous variables.
D)independent variables.

Question 44

Which of the following is an outcome of the phallic stage of psychosexual development in which little girls sexually desire their fathers?

A)Oedipal complex
B)Electra complex
C)anal phase
D)latency phase

Question 45

A major problem with observational research in the natural environment is that

A)it always involves a very small sample size.
B)it raises the ethical issue of informed consent.
C)its requirements are as elaborate as that of clinical research.
D)its independent variables are often manipulated by researchers.

Question 46

Those factors that can be manipulated or changed by the experimenter are called

A)dependent variables.
B)conditional variables.
C)subordinate variables.
D)independent variables.

Question 47

Jennie finds a correlation between marital satisfaction and sexual frequency.Based on this information,what conclusion should she draw from her finding?

A)Marital satisfaction causes people to have sex more frequently.
B)Sexual frequency causes people to be more satisfied with their marriage.
C)Either A or B
D)None of the above

Question 48

A disadvantage of the survey method is that

A)it is difficult to maintain anonymity and confidentiality.
B)it incurs high costs in collecting data.
C)it leads to inaccurate reports of one's own behavior.
D)it requires a considerable time commitment from subjects.

Question 49

Dr.Frank wants to study the queer sexual practices of men between the age group of 40 to 50 in religious societies.He employs the survey research method to record their behavior.In order to collect the data most efficiently and eliminate the limitations caused due to self-reporting,Dr.Frank must?

A)collect personal notes of volunteers that documents their sexual activities on a daily basis.
B)arrange for video conference in which volunteers can answer sex-related questions.
C)conduct face-to-face interview with volunteers.
D)write down his observations about the volunteers and must refrain from asking them for data.

Question 50

According to Sigmund Freud,the part of the body upon which eroticism is focused during the first stage of psychosexual development in an individual is the

A)abdomen.
B)genitals.
C)mouth.
D)anus.

Question 51

A major limitation of correlational studies is that they cannot

A)indicate which variable causes the other to change.
B)accommodate large numbers of subjects.
C)be ethically used in research on sexuality.
D)show relationships between variables.

Question 52

A major reason for the lack of popularity of Freud's theory of sexuality among American sex researchers is

A)the emphasis on unconscious forces such as libido.
B)his overemphasis on adolescent and adult sexual expression.
C)the fact that there were no empirical data to support his ideas.
D)his view that excessive masturbation is the root of many personality problems.

Question 53

Five-year-old Kayla is unhappy when she discovers that her brother has a penis and she does not.According to Freud's stages of psychosexual development,Kayla

A)is in the phallic stage.
B)has castration anxiety.
C)is in the latency stage.
D)has developed Oedipal complex.

Question 54

Which of the following is NOT a limitation of using survey research?

A)When asked about their sexual experiences,some people exaggerate or minimize them.
B)The interviewer's sex may influence the results.
C)Respondents may feel uncomfortable about revealing personal information in some settings.
D)All of the above are limitations of survey research.

Question 55

An interviewing research technique using computer and audio assistance is known as the

A)audio-CASI method.
B)CAT/PET method.
C)computer generated audio-response method.
D)computer-aided audio-cassette method.

Question 56

An ad placed in a campus newspaper indicated that $20 will be paid to male volunteers who participate in a study of male sexual response.What might one rightly assume about the volunteers?

A)They are likely not doing well in their college classes.
B)They are not a representative sample of college-age males.
C)They are exhibitionists.
D)They are engaging in a form of prostitution.

Question 57

According to Sigmund Freud,the fear that a phallic-stage boy feels because of his desires toward his mother leads to

A)neurosis.
B)penis envy.
C)repressed libido.
D)castration anxiety.

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using questionnaires in sex research?

A)The respondents need to devote relatively little time to answering questions.
B)They offer anonymity.
C)The researcher can obtain in-depth information.
D)They are inexpensive to administer.

Question 59

Dr.Gupta compares the GPAs (grade point averages)of college students who are in monogamous romantic relationships with the GPAs of those who have multiple sexual partners.Which of the following research methods is being used by Dr.Gupta here?

A)observational research
B)experimental research
C)correlational research
D)clinical research

Question 60

The sex researcher who wrote Psychopathia Sexualis is

A)Sigmund Freud.
B)Havelock Ellis.
C)Richard von Krafft-Ebing.
D)Alfred Kinsey.

Question 61

The terms homosexuality and heterosexuality were coined by

A)Evelyn Hooker.
B)Magnus Hirschfeld.
C)K.H.Ulrichs.
D)Karl Kertbeny.

Question 62

One of the most important findings in Kinsey's work was that

A)children had sexual thoughts and experiences.
B)a vast majority of women masturbated several times a day.
C)there was extraordinary diversity in sexual behavior.
D)few people understood or used contraceptive devices.

Question 63

Corinne has predominantly had sexual relations with other women,but has had considerable sexual contacts with men as well.On Kinsey's scale,Corinne would be a

A)2
B)6
C)4
D)0

Question 64

The development of the Kinsey scale was an attempt to

A)classify sexual behaviors in terms of their normality and abnormality.
B)evaluate the masculinity and femininity of his subjects.
C)represent the proportion of an individual's sexual behaviors with the same or other sex.
D)measure the frequency of autoerotic behavior among subjects of different ages.

Question 65

Which of the following was NOT a finding of The National Health and Social Life Survey?

A)Americans are largely exclusive when it comes to sexual partners.
B)Orgasms are the rule for men and exception for women.
C)Most Americans are fairly traditional in terms of preferred sexual practices.
D)Homosexuality is much more prevalent than originally believed.

Question 66

William Masters and Virginia Johnson contributed all of the following to our understanding of human sexual behavior EXCEPT they did NOT

A)provide detailed descriptions of the physiological responses that accompany sexual activity.
B)support Freud's distinction between clitoral and vaginal orgasms.
C)discover the physiological similarity in the responses of men and women.
D)determine that women reached orgasm primarily through stimulation of the clitoris.

Question 67

There was a firestorm of controversy after Kinsey published his works.Some people still believe that Kinsey's findings

A)resulted in the conversion of some children to a homosexual orientation.
B)are a contributing factor to the number of unplanned pregnancy.
C)are responsible for a moral breakdown in the United States.
D)none of these

Question 68

Which of the following is true of feminist scholars?

A)They believe in the superiority of the female gender over male gender.
B)They believe power is a critical element in male-female relationships.
C)They believe that gender is not a significant variable in certain aspects of social life.
D)They believe that the female experience of sex has been overstated.

Question 69

According to the National College Health Assessment,what percentage of respondents had used (or had a partner who used)emergency contraception during the last year in school?

A)6 percent
B)11 percent
C)16 percent
D)21 percent

Question 70

Which statement best reflects the views of Havelock Ellis regarding the nature of female sexuality?

A)Women are naturally asexual and if interested in sex,it is merely as a way to achieve pregnancy.
B)Women's animal lusts cause men to lose control and engage in intercourse to the point of weakness and illness.
C)Women have sexual desires no less intense than those of men.
D)Women experience themselves as anatomically defective without a penis and compensate this by devoting themselves to their husband and children.

Question 71

Ken has had sexual intercourse with women throughout his high school years.However,after getting admitted to the state university,he meets attractive men and soon starts to have sexual intercourse with them too.Ken takes pride in being both homosexual and heterosexual equally.Which of the following will be Ken's rating in Kinsey's rating scale?

A)0
B)6
C)3
D)1

Question 72

Feminist theorists attempt to understand the female experience in relation to

A)hormonal differences between males and females.
B)anatomical differences between males and females.
C)the social construction of gender asymmetry.
D)the religious teachings of Christianity.

Question 73

The most expansive nationally representative study of sexual and sexual-health behaviors,published in 2010,was called

A)the National Sexual Health and Social Life Survey.
B)the National Assessment of Adolescent Sexual Health and Behavior.
C)the National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior.
D)the National Survey of Family Growth.

Question 74

One obstacle to sex research today which was also experienced by Alfred Kinsey is

A)the difficulty of getting female subjects to participate.
B)the absolute lack of willingness of participants to be observed in sexual situations.
C)the fear that surveys may change the sexual orientation of the participants.
D)the attack on the value of sex research by some members of Congress and conservative groups.

Question 75

How did Masters and Johnson collect data used to detail human sexual response?

A)oral interviews
B)written surveys
C)correlations
D)observation and direct measurement

Question 76

Which of the following statements best summarizes Havelock Ellis' view of homosexuality?

A)He saw it as a harmless congenital condition.
B)He believed that excessive masturbation led to homosexuality.
C)He viewed such interests as a type of immature sexuality.
D)He considered female homosexuality as a superior sexual lifestyle.

Question 77

The highly successful approach to treatment of sexual problems developed by Masters and Johnson was based on

A)behavioral therapy.
B)sex education.
C)drug therapy.
D)Freudian therapy.

Question 78

Why was the research of Evelyn Hooker important?

A)She demonstrated that women reached orgasms primarily through stimulation of the clitoris.
B)She emphasized the need for more research on the sexual behavior of ethnic minority groups.
C)She showed that gay men could not be distinguished from heterosexual men on the basis of personality characteristics.
D)She analyzed the power aspect of relationships between the sexes.

Question 79

Havelock Ellis viewed the so-called abnormal sexual behaviors as

A)the result of excessive autoeroticism.
B)due to moral degeneracy and inferior genetic inheritance.
C)sexual instincts that have been repressed too long.
D)exaggerations of normal sexual behavior.

Question 80

Using the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (2009),researchers surveyed students in grades 9-12 and found that the percentage of students reporting having had sexual intercourse before the age of 13 was

A)1 percent.
B)6 percent.
C)11 percent.
D)15 percent.