Deck 5: Gender and Gender Roles

Question 1

"A good girl would never run in the house like that!" This is an example of a(n)

A)gender-role behavior.
B)gender-role stereotype.
C)assigned gender role.
D)gender atypical behavior.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The assignment of gender usually occurs at birth and is usually based on

A)gender identity.
B)anatomical appearance.
C)behavioral genetics.
D)dominant hormones.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In our culture,women's clothing is designed to

A)provide warmth and comfort,especially to the breast areA.
B)demonstrate the basic humanity of the wearer by de-emphasizing sex-related characteristics.
C)accentuate women's suitability for female roles such as nurturing and emotional support.
D)emphasize secondary sex characteristics such as breasts,shapely legs,and hips.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Most clothing that emphasizes or exaggerates secondary sex characteristics are

A)made for females.
B)made for males.
C)only found in traditional clothing.
D)largely unavailable in stores today.

Question 5

Which of the following refers to a rigidly held,oversimplified,and overgeneralized belief about how each gender should behave?

A)gender variation
B)gender-role stereotype
C)gender identity
D)assigned gender

Question 6

In a delivery room,the pronouncement "It's a girl!" or "It's a boy!" refers to

A)genetic sex.
B)gender identity.
C)assigned gender.
D)gender role.

Question 7

A major problem with gender-role stereotypes is that they

A)are false and misleading both for the individual and the whole group.
B)prevent statistically valid generalizations from being made.
C)interfere with the development of a solid gender identity.
D)fail to consider the effects of biological sex on behavior.

Question 8

Which of the following refers to the gender given by others,usually at birth?

A)genetic sex
B)gender identity
C)anatomical sex
D)assigned gender

Question 9

A girl has a deep feeling inside of her that she is female.This is a typical example of

A)assigned gender.
B)gender identity.
C)gender-role stereotype.
D)gender dysphoria.

Question 10

Alex dresses and behaves like a boy and he tells everyone he is a boy.This is an example of

A)an assigned gender.
B)gender identity.
C)a gender role.
D)a gender-role stereotype.

Question 11

"Men won't ask for directions," is an example of

A)an assigned gender role.
B)a gender-role stereotype.
C)gender dysphoria.
D)misogyny.

Question 12

A person's internal sense of being male or female is called

A)gender identity.
B)genetic sex.
C)assigned gender.
D)gender role.

Question 13

A woman wears perfume,dresses with ruffles,a soft hair style,and makeup.These feminine characteristics are primarily determined by which of the following nonanatomical factors?

A)nature
B)hormones
C)culture
D)chromosomes

Question 14

The social and cultural characteristics associated with biological sex relates to

A)sexuality.
B)gender.
C)sexism.
D)anatomy.

Question 15

Beliefs such as "women are poor drivers," "men want to dominate others," or "women are more detail-oriented," are examples of

A)gender variations.
B)gender-role stereotypes.
C)gender identities.
D)gender-role behaviors.

Question 16

Deviations in gender behavior are viewed as

A)gender variations.
B)behavior anomalies.
C)behavioral incongruences.
D)gender biases.

Question 17

All of the following are aspects of our anatomical sex EXCEPT

A)genitals.
B)hormones.
C)gonads.
D)internal reproductive structures.

Question 18

The attitudes,behaviors,rights,and responsibilities that particular cultural groups associate with one's assumed or assigned sex are called

A)gender identities.
B)gender stereotypes.
C)gender roles.
D)gender variations.

Question 19

Which of the following refers to whether one is biologically female or male?

A)sex
B)gender
C)sexual dimorphism
D)gender dysphoria

Question 20

Which of the following refers to the physical sex structures of a person such as gonads,uterus,vulva,vagina,and penis?

A)genetic sex
B)gender dysphoria
C)anatomical sex
D)sexual dimorphism

Question 21

Until the age of 3,most children identify the gender of others based on

A)genitals.
B)nonanatomical signs.
C)facial features and musculature.
D)behavior.

Question 22

Han,who belongs to a traditional western society,believes that all men are assertive and all women are submissive.He believes that only women can be sensitive to the needs of other people,whereas men should be,and are,insensitive to such needs.In other words,Han believes that

A)men are superior to women.
B)men and women complement each other.
C)men and women possess polar opposite traits.
D)these differences draw men and women together.

Question 23

Maria observes that wearing frilly dresses gets her older sister lots of attention.Yesterday,children in the neighborhood made fun of Maria's wish to play baseball.Maria soon develops an interest in ultra-feminine clothes and restricts herself to cheering on male baseball players.This example supports the ideas of:

A)sociobiology.
B)cognitive gender theory.
C)developmental psychoanalysis.
D)cognitive social learning theory.

Question 24

According to cognitive social learning theory,we learn attitudes and behaviors as a result of

A)social interactions with others.
B)active interpretation of messages received from our environment.
C)the physiological evolution process.
D)biological characteristics inherited from our parents.

Question 25

The cornerstone of cognitive social learning theory is the belief that

A)children are born with free will.
B)most behavior is the result of biological mechanisms.
C)consequences control behavior.
D)children will develop "gender appropriate" behavior regardless of their environment.

Question 26

As a child,Lilly observed that even though both her parents were employed,her mother served all family members their dinner.She noticed that her mother did all sorts of "little things" to please family members.She saw that although her father took the children to doctors,dentists,etc. ,it was her mother who made and kept track of these appointments.As an adult,Lilly incorporated all these behaviors into her own family life.This example supports the ideas of the:

A)cognitive social learning theory.
B)gender modeling theory.
C)moral development theory.
D)psychoanalytic theory.

Question 27

The reason our culture associates male homosexuality with femininity is most likely

A)because homosexual men are generally more well-behaved than heterosexual men.
B)the belief that male heterosexuality is a critical component of masculinity.
C)our view that heterosexual men often have more female biological characteristics.
D)because of traditional gender roles being positively correlated with sexual behavior.

Question 28

How are sexual orientation and gender identity related to each other?

A)Gender identity determines sexual orientation.
B)They are conceptually independent of each other.
C)Sexual orientation determines gender identity.
D)They both are determined by a person's sex.

Question 29

For most people,anatomical sex,gender identity,and assigned gender

A)are discordant.
B)are ambiguous.
C)are congruent.
D)are unrelated.

Question 30

Which of the following theories is widely used in the study of sexuality and includes queer theory?

A)evolutionary theory on gender
B)biological theory on gender
C)psychodynamic theory on gender
D)social constructionist theory on gender

Question 31

The Nguyens gives their baby a girl's name based on her physical characteristics.They dress her in pink and her little coveralls have lace decorations and her thin wispy hair is always adorned with a bow.Which of the following is being emphasized here?

A)assigned gender
B)gender variation
C)gender identity
D)gender dysmorphia

Question 32

Bobby believes that women are nurturing and men are not.He also believes that men are dominant and women are submissive.Which of the following does this thought pattern exemplify?

A)gender variation
B)androgyny
C)gender polarization
D)post genderism

Question 33

The belief that a "real man" is not gay,therefore gay men are not "real men" is an example of

A)heteronormativity.
B)homophobia.
C)misandry.
D)misogyny.

Question 34

Biology creates males and females;culture creates

A)genetic sex.
B)physical and mental ability.
C)anatomical sex.
D)masculinity and femininity.

Question 35

In some East African societies,at about the age of seven,boys

A)are circumcised,to "make him a man."
B)must engage in exactly the same activities as the girls.
C)are encouraged to become sexually active.
D)must leave the family to go and live in sexual seclusion.

Question 36

In some East African societies,a male child is referred to as a

A)he-she.
B)keiki.
C)woman-child.
D)man-child.

Question 37

The umbrella term for those whose gender expression or identity is not congruent with the sex assigned at birth and whose gender is not validated by the dominant culture is

A)homosexual.
B)cisgender.
C)heterosexual.
D)transgender.

Question 38

By age 4 or 5,children would have learned about

A)social stereotypes.
B)sexual behavior.
C)the connection between genitals and gender.
D)the prevalent sexual variations in the society.

Question 39

By what age does one internalize and identify with one's gender?

A)1
B)2
C)5
D)7

Question 40

The phenomenon of modeling is usually associated with the

A)psychoanalytic theory.
B)cognitive development theory.
C)cognitive social learning theory.
D)developmental gender theory.

Question 41

Although gender is not inherent in inanimate objects or in behaviors,we treat many objects and behaviors as if they were masculine or feminine.This cognitive organization of the world according to gender is referred to as

A)a gender bias.
B)sex typing.
C)a gender schema.
D)gender stereotyping.

Question 42

During a play period at an elementary school,Ms.Yomogida sends the boys to the football field while she leads the girls in ballet.This is a typical example of how teachers

A)emphasize physical fitness for both sexes.
B)model nonstereotypic roles for both sexes.
C)use gender inappropriate behavioral appellations in socializing children.
D)serve as agents of traditional gender-role socialization.

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT associated with the male sexual script?

A)All physical contact leads to sex.
B)A man initiates sex and gives a woman an orgasm.
C)Men do not express doubts.
D)Love and sex are inseparable.

Question 44

While walking through the toy store with her 1-year-old son,Brianna stops and points out the baseballs,shows her son guns and trucks,and walks quickly past the Barbie dolls.This aspect of parental gender socialization is called

A)activity exposure.
B)channeling.
C)indoctrination.
D)verbal appellation.

Question 45

Male characters on television typically are

A)aggressive.
B)problem-solvers.
C)rescuers.
D)all of these.

Question 46

Mary sends her son to a military school because she is concerned about his affinity towards "women's activities" such as cooking and sewing.She believes that equestrian and other outdoor activities will make him manlier.Which of the following methods of socialization is most likely used by Mary here?

A)verbal appellation
B)activity exposure
C)channeling
D)indoctrination

Question 47

A significant difference between the Black female gender role and the White female gender role is that African American

A)women socialize their daughters to be more self-reliant and assertive.
B)women see being a wife and a mother as exclusive of participation in the workforce.
C)women defer more to African American men.
D)women place less emphasis on the role of father.

Question 48

Which of the following characterizes typical female characters on television?

A)They are under age 30.
B)They are thin.
C)They are attractive.
D)All of these.

Question 49

When the kids on the block play "airplane," Tran,who wants play the flight attendant,is ridiculed by the other boys who say,"That's for girls!" This example typically shows how peers influence gender-role learning through

A)verbal disapproval.
B)overt physical punishment.
C)verbal appellation.
D)mean comments.

Question 50

Tressa is playing with her dolls.Her mother compliments her on how nicely she has dressed them.This makes Tressa more interested in her dolls and in hairstyling.Which theory does this exemplify?

A)psychodynamic theory
B)cognitive social learning theory
C)moral development theory
D)sociobiology theory

Question 51

Tyrell and Tenisha like to play house.Every time they play,Tenisha scolds Tyrell for the pretended mess he makes and ridicules him for not knowing how to set the table.He is not allowed to hold her doll except under her watchful eye.According to social learning theory,these roles are

A)learned through observation and imitation.
B)ultimately based on biological differences between the sexes.
C)instinctive,because similar behaviors appear in all cultures.
D)based on differences in levels of cognitive development.

Question 52

All of the following are associated with the traditional masculine gender role EXCEPT

A)power orientation.
B)feelings of superiority.
C)communication.
D)competitiveness.

Question 53

Which of the following is NOT an element of the traditional female sexual script?

A)Sex is good and bad.
B)Women shouldn't talk about sex.
C)Women should look like models.
D)Men have to be taught to love.

Question 54

All of the following are associated with the traditional female gender role EXCEPT

A)passivity.
B)compliance.
C)nurturance.
D)independance.

Question 55

When Sydney insists on sitting on her mother's lap,her mother says she is being loving.When Damien insists on sitting on his mother's lap,he is told that he is being a baby.This demonstrates the concept of

A)manipulation.
B)channeling.
C)verbal appellation.
D)verbal abuse.

Question 56

African American women

A)tend to be more rigid in their thinking about gender roles.
B)have represented the symbol of strength in their communities.
C)are epitomes of traditional female role model.
D)are more dependent than women of other minority groups.

Question 57

In the context of gender-role learning in children,which item is out of place here?

A)channeling
B)manipulation
C)verbal appellation
D)indoctrination

Question 58

A cognitive development theorist and a cognitive social learning theorist agree on many things.However,they DISAGREE on

A)the influence of culture on gender roles.
B)whether age determines how learning takes place.
C)the role of parents in gender role socialization.
D)the role of modeling behavior.

Question 59

Vanessa's parents are African American.Most likely,they will socialize her to be

A)more independent than girls raised in traditional White households.
B)a full-time homemaker focused on her children.
C)meek and obedient to social stimuli.
D)independent and assertive with only girls of her ethnicity.

Question 60

Tanya and Kevin are twins.They recently got a new swingset for their backyard.Kevin is allowed to climb the ladder to the top of the slide by himself,but Tanya is only allowed to do it with her mother's assistance.This is a typical example of

A)scrutinizing.
B)a double standard.
C)channeling.
D)sibling rivalry.

Question 61

Which of the following statements is NOT included in contemporary sexual scripts?

A)Sexual expression is positive and healthy.
B)Sexual intercourse is not the only acceptable sexual activity.
C)Sexual activities should be predominantly initiated by males.
D)Sexual activities involve a mutual exchange of erotic pleasure.

Question 62

Nathan is born male.However,he lacks the anatomical structures of a male such as a penis but develops breasts as in a woman.In order to prevent him from being picked on,his parents rear him as a complete female child.Which of the following is Nathan most likely suffering from??A.androgen insensitivity syndrome?B.congenital adrenal hyperplasia?C.Turner syndrome?D.Triple X syndrome

Question 63

Robyn has no ovaries,but her external genitals are those of a normal female.As she grows up,her body remains short,she does not develop a mature feminine physique,and she does not menstruate.Robyn most likely has

A)gonochorism.
B)hermaphrodism.
C)Klinefelter syndrome.
D)Turner syndrome.

Question 64

Abdul is a genetic male.Abdul has female genitals but no internal female structures.At puberty,Abdul developed female secondary sex characteristics but has testes internally.Abdul will most likely be diagnosed as having

A)Triple X syndrome.
B)Turner syndrome.
C)congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
D)androgen insensitivity syndrome.

Question 65

A person with the chromosomal makeup of XXY has

A)hypospadias.
B)Klinefelter syndrome.
C)congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
D)Turner syndrome.

Question 66

Those with Disorders of Sexual Development (DSD)are also referred to as

A)transsexuals.
B)sexually fluid.
C)bisexuals.
D)intersex.

Question 67

Vivian is born with a rare condition where his genitals are hard to be categorized as male or female in particular.His doctor observes that he lacks a hormone called dihydrotestosterone and also points out his infertile condition.Which of the following hormonal disorders is Vivian most likely suffering from?

A)Turner syndrome
B)androgen insensitivity syndrome
C)5-Alpha reductase deficiency
D)Klinefelter syndrome

Question 68

Chris realizes that every time his new born son urinates,the urine exits through a place behind the penis.The doctor informs him that his son is born without a urethra and that a penis straightening surgery should correct this disorder.Which of the following abnormal sexual development problem does Chris's son suffer from?

A)hypospadias
B)aposthia
C)aphallia
D)diphallia

Question 69

According to the American Psychiatric Association,when a person is intensely uncomfortable and dis?tressed with his or her biological gender and strongly identifies with,and wants to be,the other gender,that person may be said to have

A)monorchism.
B)gender dysphoria.
C)hypospadias.
D)5-alpha reductase deficiency.

Question 70

A person who combines the trait of instrumentality traditionally associated with masculinity with the trait of expressiveness traditionally associated with femininity could be described as

A)borderline masculine.
B)feminine.
C)androgynous.
D)a latent homosexual.

Question 71

People with congenital adrenal hyperplasia lack an enzyme needed by the adrenal gland to make the hormones

A)androgen and estrogen.
B)testosterone and progesterone.
C)cortisol and aldosterone.
D)insulin and prolactin.

Question 72

Which of the following best defines the term transsexual?

A)a person who is sexually aroused by wearing clothing typical of his or her own sex
B)a person who feels that his/her gender identity and sexual anatomy are not compatible
C)a person who exaggerates the gender-typed behavior of his or her own sex
D)a person who responds erotically to the anatomy of the other sex

Question 73

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia and androgen insensitivity syndrome may

A)be undetected at birth.
B)affect both genetic males and genetic females.
C)result from the body's inability to absorb testosterone.
D)be called hermaphroditism.

Question 74

A condition in which the opening of the penis is located somewhere on the underside,glans,shaft,or the junction of the scrotum is called

A)hypospadias.
B)ambiguous genitalia.
C)congenital pseudovaginal hyperplasia.
D)hermaphroditism.

Question 75

According to Jessica Valenti,efforts to spread thoughts of purity can be seen in the distribution of:

A)condoms.
B)money for sex.
C)non-religious handouts.
D)V cards.

Question 76

Henry is born male.However,he is convinced that he was meant to be a woman and not a man.He likes cross-dressing and also does exercises at home to tone his body down and make it look more feminine.Here,Henry is more likely to be concerned about

A)gender affinity.
B)his sexual orientation.
C)gender identity.
D)sexual satisfaction.

Question 77

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of individuals diagnosed with Turner syndrome?

A)the absence of ovaries
B)small testes and penis
C)45,XO chromosomal makeup
D)a lack of female secondary sex characteristics

Question 78

The concept of androgyny has been criticized for

A)creating a new,potentially rigid prescription to be both masculine and feminine.
B)producing conflict between the sexes.
C)preventing men and women from choosing from the full range of emotions available to them.
D)favoring traits that have been traditionally regarded as feminine.

Question 79

A genetic male who does not produce enough of a hormone called dihydrotestosterone may have an external genitalia that appear female.This condition is most likely caused by

A)a Klinefelter chromosome configuration.
B)5-alpha reductase deficiency.
C)too much androgen.
D)too much progesterone.

Question 80

A chromosomal condition in which a female does not have the usual pair of two X chromosomes in her cells is called

A)Klinefelter syndrome.
B)Turner syndrome.
C)transsexuality.
D)gonochorism.