Deck 13: Politics

Question 1

Which country was the first to grant women the right to vote in 1910?

A) Finland
B) United States
C) South Africa
D) France

Answer 1

A

Question 2

When states and politicians commit to gender-aware policymaking, they

A) consider the effects of policies on both men and women.
B) create policies that have the same incentives for men as women.
C) pass legislation to encourage same-sex parenting.
D) elect equal numbers of women and men to legislative bodies.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Many suffragists were also abolitionists, and vice versa. An abolitionist can be defined as

A) a person who works to secure the right to vote.
B) an activist in the fight against human slavery.
C) someone who tries to end sexism by reducing sex discrimination.
D) an activist in the fight against androcentrism.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of how states govern gender?

A) holding elections for governors every four years
B) electing an historic number of women to legislative positions in 2013
C) collecting taxes in April of every year
D) instituting tax laws allowing married couples to keep more money than cohabitating couples

Question 5

Which model of gender equality would be most attractive to women who embrace masculinity?

A) equal access
B) equal value
C) equal sharing
D) equal opportunity

Question 6

Why are feminists concerned with what governments are doing?

A) States have vast resources and are the hegemonic way of organizing decisions for the nation.
B) Feminists are interested in using the state to enhance equality between men and women and ensure it doesn't make inequality worse.
C) Both of the above.
D) Neither of the above.

Question 7

Why are some women's movements also autonomous movements?

A) They function independently of men's participation and approval.
B) They are collective, non-governmental efforts to change societies.
C) They try to do feminist work in not explicitly feminist spaces.
D) They involve efforts by feminists to change gender relations outside their own countries.

Question 8

In what ways has women's symbolic representation translated into substantive representation?

A) Female legislators introduce fewer but better bills than men.
B) Women now hold more than 40 percent of seats in most international legislative bodies.
C) Women are more likely than men to introduce bills that address women's needs.
D) In most countries, women legislators have formed a unified voting bloc.

Question 9

In which region of the world has the number of female politicians decreased since 1985?

A) Western industrial countries
B) Latin America
C) Eastern Europe
D) Middle East and North Africa

Question 10

Laws that make it illegal to discriminate in the workplace are examples of

A) policies designed to tackle androcentrism.
B) equal value models of governance.
C) policies that ensure men and women participate equally.
D) equal access policies aimed to reduce sexism.

Question 11

A person who tries to accomplish feminist goals as a member of the existing U.S. military is doing what sort of feminist work?

A) autonomous
B) embedded
C) transnational
D) radical

Question 12

Which model of gender equality would be most attractive to men who embrace femininity?

A) equal access
B) equal value
C) equal sharing
D) equal opportunity

Question 13

CoverGirl promises girls they can do whatever they want using the hashtag #GirlsCan and the slogan "make the world a little more easy, breezy, and beautiful." This ad campaign is an example of

A) corporate co-optation of feminism.
B) active anti-feminist countermovements organized to oppose feminist social change.
C) embedded feminism
D) feminist marketing

Question 14

Which of the following groups would be most impacted by the minimum wage being set higher by law?

A) women under 20
B) men ages 20+
C) women ages 20+
D) men under 20

Question 15

Which model of gender equality is most appealing to feminists who believe that we should be working to establish societies in which gender disappears as a meaningful category?

A) equal opportunity
B) equal access
C) equal value
D) equal sharing

Question 16

Ideas that do not (yet) resonate with most members of a population are

A) androcentric.
B) hegemonic.
C) individualistic.
D) radical.

Question 17

According to, which country offers parental leave to both mothers and fathers at 100 percent of their income for the longest number of weeks?

A) Denmark
B) United States
C) Israel
D) South Korea

Question 18

Attempts to restrict women's access to abortion by passing laws mandating counseling, parental consent, and stricter regulations on clinics are examples of

A) a bad patriarchal bargain.
B) the decline in collectivist thinking.
C) an active anti-feminist countermovement.
D) the corporate co-optation of feminism.

Question 19

Which model of gender equality would be most attractive to women and men who embrace femininity?

A) equal access
B) equal value
C) equal sharing
D) equal opportunity

Question 20

A state policy that encourages high-income women to choose stay-at-home motherhood, but discourages it among low-income mothers is an example of

A) the gender of governance.
B) the governance of gender.
C) gender-aware policymaking.
D) symbolic representation.

Question 21

Women represent more than 40 percent of members in the legislature of which one of these countries?

A) Sierra Leone
B) United States
C) Saudi Arabia
D) Chile

Question 22

There are three main approaches to gender equality: equal access, equal value, and equal sharing. Compare and contrast the benefits and drawbacks of each of these approaches. Describe what a feminist in each different approach might say a feminist utopia would look like.

Question 23

A society that rewards reproductive labor, such as taking care of children and the elderly, is a society that embraces a standard of

A) gender neutrality
B) equal access
C) equal sharing
D) equal value

Question 24

What kind of difference, if any, would the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment make in the governance of gender in the United States?

A) None; the United States already has strong antidiscrimination laws.
B) It would undermine the strength and reason for women's movements to exist.
C) It would constitutionally guarantee gender equality and increase the burden of proof on employers and others to show they are not discriminating.
D) It would eradicate anti-feminist countermovements because it would make clear that their claims violate the Constitution.

Question 25

According to the authors of Gender, how typical is it for a state to offer some paid caregiving time to both mothers and fathers ?

A) Typical; all but the United States do this as a matter of formal policy.
B) Not exactly typical, but not uncommon
C) Rare; typical only in Scandinavia
D) Unheard of; no country pays men for time off for childcare.

Question 26

Give concrete examples of three of the obstacles that contemporary feminists face. Discuss what it might take to overcome these obstacles and create more opportunities for feminist activism.

Question 27

Why is raising the minimum wage both a class issue and a feminist issue?

A) Nearly two-thirds of minimum-wage workers are women.
B) Leaving the minimum wage low contributes to the feminization of poverty.
C) Raising the minimum wage would reduce economic inequality between women and men.
D) All of the above.

Question 28

What is one challenge feminists face when participating in transnational feminist activism?

A) ensuring that the voice and tactics of Western feminists do not dominate the movement
B) the scarcity of feminist organizations and weak feminist networks found in the Southern Hemisphere
C) unwillingness by the United Nations to recognize gender as an important organizing principle
D) not enough American feminists who are willing to help women in non-Western nations

Question 29

Equal access policies (like the antidiscrimination policies prominent in the United States) accomplish some things but not others. Which of these is their characteristic shortcoming?

A) Equal access policies do not reduce sexism in employers' decision-making.
B) Equal access policies not do encourage people to value femininity.
C) Equal access policies do not encourage women to seek work in masculine fields.
D) Equal access policies do not apply to women in education.

Question 30

In what ways does women's presence in politics disrupt inequality?

A) It disrupts andocentrism, but not sexism.
B) It disrupts subordination, sexism, and androcentrism.
C) It disrupts sexism, but not androcentrism.
D) It disrupts subordination and sexism, but not androcentrism.

Question 31

Explain the difference between the gender of governance and the governance of gender. Discuss some of the ways that the United States governs in gendered ways. Give some examples of how the gender of governance is related to the symbolic and substantive representation of women in politics in the United States or some other country?

Question 32

Compared to the baby boomer generation, fewer young people today use the word feminist to describe themselves. One reason for this phenomenon is

A) most young people are anti-feminist.
B) corporations are using feminist messages in marketing campaigns.
C) anti-feminist countermovements have succeeded in defining the meaning of the term.
D) women's movements have become too autonomous for most people's tastes.

Question 33

Why do the majority of American politicians continue to be men? Discuss three different mechanisms that can explain some of the obstacles to women being political leaders in the United States and elsewhere. How do you explain the gains women have made in political representation over the last 100 years in the United States? How do these reasons for change relate to the reasons that men continue to be the majority of the world's politicians and legislators?