Deck 4: Crime Rates, Crime Trends, and Criminal Victimization in Canada

Question 1

Which age group gave the highest levels of satisfaction about their personal safety in the 2009 General Social Survey?

A)15-24
B)35-44
C)55-64
D)over 65

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What was the decrease in the rate of violent crimes studied from 2000 to 2010?

A)15 percent
B)22 percent
C)26 percent
D)33 percent

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following reporting systems measures changes in the seriousness of crime?

A)the General Social Survey
B)the Uniform Crime Reports
C)the Crime Severity Index
D)the Self Reports Crime Index

Answer 3

C

Question 4

According to the 2009 General Social Survey on Victimization,what percentage of persons who had been victimized at least twice were satisfied with their level of personal safety?

A)76
B)87
C)92
D)98

Question 5

What percentage of men personally felt safe in general,according to the 2009 General Social Survey on Victimization?

A)76
B)84
C)90
D)98

Question 6

The recent changes to the distracted driving laws in Ontario represent a trend in society.Statistics gathered this year will likely show a high percentage of drivers being fined for this charge.This is an example of which of the following?

A)social construction of crime
B)official crime statistics
C)institutionalist approach
D)crime funnel

Question 7

As a police officer,between 1961 and 1988 you summarized your crime data on a monthly basis and submitted it to Statistics Canada.Currently,you are required to submit your summarized data to an affiliated agency.Once that agency receives the data,you can see your information in which of the following publications?

A)Juristat
B)Justice Stats
C)CanLii
D)Lexus Nexus

Question 8

In which activity were the greatest differences among men and women found in terms of their feelings of safety in the 2009 General Social Survey?

A)walking alone in their neighbourhood after dark
B)walking to their vehicle after finishing work at night
C)waiting for someone to pick them up after working at night
D)waiting for public transportation

Question 9

What does the police-reported Crime Severity Index account for?

A)low-volume,more-serious offences
B)low-volume,less-serious offences
C)high-volume,more-serious offences
D)high-volume,less-serious offences

Question 10

As a researcher,you are interested in obtaining national information about police-reported crime in 2009.Where would you find the data for your research project?

A)the General Social Survey on Victimization
B)the Uniform Crime Reports
C)the Crime Severity Index
D)the Violence Against Women Survey

Question 11

What percent of Canadians indicated they held high levels of satisfaction about their personal level of safety in 2009?

A)75
B)87
C)93
D)98

Question 12

What offence had the greatest impact upon the decline of the Violent Crime Severity Index?

A)robbery
B)breaking and entering
C)common assault
D)manslaughter

Question 13

What does the police-reported Crime Severity Index measure?

A)changes in the volume of crime on a year-to-year basis
B)changes in the severity of crime on the basis of every second year
C)changes in the severity of crime on a year-to-year basis
D)changes in the volume of crime on the basis of every second year

Question 14

According to the 2009 General Social Survey (GSS),what was the most fear-inducing activity among Canadians?

A)walking alone at night in a low-density neighbourhood
B)walking alone at night in a high-density neighbourhood
C)being home alone at night
D)waiting for and using public transportation alone after dark

Question 15

What percentage of women personally felt safe in general,according to the 2009 General Social Survey on Victimization?

A)76
B)84
C)90
D)98

Question 16

As a researcher,you are interested in studying those crimes that have the greatest impact upon changes in the crime rates.Which of the following would provide you with the data you are looking for?

A)the Self Reports Crime Index
B)the Crime Severity Index
C)the General Social Survey
D)the Uniform Crime Reports

Question 17

You are a researcher interested in studying fear of crime.What is a typical research question that you would ask to obtain data about the fear of crime among a group of citizens?

A)assessing the amount of crime in one city neighbourhood and comparing it to another neighbourhood in the same city
B)surveying feelings of satisfaction with personal safety from crime
C)determining whether or not an individual has been a victim in the past six months
D)comparing responses from citizens over a five-year period

Question 18

What was the percentage decrease when crime rates from 2013 were compared to 2014?

A)2 percent
B)5 percent
C)10 percent
D)15 percent

Question 19

Which of the following had the most common police-reported crime rate in 2014?

A)property crimes
B)mischief
C)violent crimes
D)sexual assault

Question 20

Where do changes in the most serious crimes have the greatest impact?

A)the Uniform Crime Reports
B)the General Social Survey
C)the Crime Severity Index
D)the Self Reports Crime Index

Question 21

What was the trend in the homicide rate from 2013 to 2014?

A)the rate increased
B)the rate decreased
C)the rate remained the same
D)the rate was not reported in 2013

Question 22

What do researchers look for when they are attempting to understand why crime rates fluctuate over time?

A)proactive police activity concerning criminal behaviour
B)reactive police activity concerning criminal behaviour
C)self-report data of criminal behaviour
D)correlates of criminal behaviour

Question 23

You return to your car on campus and discover that someone has keyed your side door.From the victimization reports,which of the following represents what you would likely do next?

A)report the incident to campus security
B)report the incident to the police
C)drive away swearing but not report it to anyone
D)attempt to find the person who did it

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT included in the Aggregate UCR Survey?

A)victim characteristics
B)the number of youths charged
C)the number of incidents reported to the police
D)the number of actual offences (excluding those that are unfounded)

Question 25

You and your partner were approached by a group of three young men while walking through a dark park in the city you live in.You were attacked,but thankfully they left your partner alone and she ran for the police.How does this incident appear in the UCR record?

A)one incident of assault
B)two incidents of assault
C)three incidents of assault
D)none as the young men left before the police came

Question 26

The rate of which common property crime reported to the police decreased the most in 2010?

A)breaking and entering
B)mischief
C)arson
D)theft of a motor vehicle

Question 27

What financially motivated crime is most commonly committed by individuals aged between 15 and 24?

A)robbery
B)break and enter
C)home invasions
D)theft over $5,000

Question 28

What did Sprott and Cesaroni's study find to be the most important predictor of the reduction in the homicide rate between 1974 and 1999?

A)changes in neighbourhood conditions
B)changes in the employment rate
C)changes in the age composition in the population
D)changes in the level of education

Question 29

What is included in the Aggregate UCR Survey?

A)information on the victims
B)information on the accused
C)information on the circumstances of the incident
D)information on the number of offences cleared by charge

Question 30

According to Perreault and Brennan,what percentage of all sexual assaults went unreported to the police in 2009?

A)49 percent
B)61 percent
C)74 percent
D)88 percent

Question 31

Jonathon is a researcher interested in obtaining data pertaining to the type of property stolen during crimes.What source of data would he use?

A)the General Social Survey
B)the Uniform Crime Reports
C)the Incident-Based UCR Survey
D)the Aggregate UCR Survey

Question 32

What did Leenaars and Lester's study find to be the most important predictor of the homicide rate?

A)the proportion of the Canadian population between the ages of 15 and 24
B)the proportion of the Canadian population working in full-time employment
C)the proportion of the Canadian population receiving social benefits
D)the proportion of the Canadian population between the ages of 35 and 44

Question 33

Which of the following provinces saw an increase in the severity of violent crime in 2014?

A)Ontario
B)Quebec
C)New Brunswick
D)Prince Edward Island

Question 34

Which of the following was NOT added to the Incident-Based UCR Survey?

A)information on victims
B)information on the accused
C)information on the circumstances of the incident
D)information on police involvement

Question 35

What type of criminal incidents can influence the police clearance rate of crimes?

A)the number of minor incidents
B)the age of the accused
C)the age of the victim
D)the accused's record of substance abuse

Question 36

What was demonstrated in the study by Pottie-Bunge and colleagues of trends in financially motivated criminal offences?

A)they were negatively correlated with changes in Canada's inflation rate
B)they were positively correlated with changes in Canada's inflation rate
C)they were not affected by Canada's inflation rate
D)they were mostly influenced by new legislation controlling the inflation rate

Question 37

Crime rates are usually based on what population number?

A)10,000
B)15,000
C)100,000
D)150,000

Question 38

Which offence was found to have the largest decrease in the "other" Criminal Code crime classification during 2014 as compared to 2013?

A)counterfeiting
B)mischief
C)weapons violations
D)prostitution

Question 39

Your first project at your new job in a law enforcement agency is to study crime from the last five years.Which reporting system would you use to determine the best accuracy of the crime rate?

A)Uniform Crime Reporting
B)Police-Reported Crime Statistics
C)Victim Crime Reporting
D)General Social Survey

Question 40

Which offence was found to have the largest increase in the "other" Criminal Code crime classification during 2014 as compared to 2013?

A)counterfeiting
B)mischief
C)administration of justice offences
D)child pornography

Question 41

According to the 2009 General Social Survey,what was the violent victimization rate of Canadians aged between 15 and 24?

A)284 per 1,000 incidents
B)234 per 1,000 incidents
C)192 per 1,000 incidents
D)94 per 1,000 incidents

Question 42

According to the 2009 General Social Survey,what was the age of individuals who had the highest rate of personal property theft?

A)people who were between the ages of 15 and 24
B)people who were between the ages of 25 and 34
C)people who were between the ages of 55 and 64
D)people who were over the age of 65

Question 43

According to the General Social Survey,which of the following had the highest rate of increase in victimization rates in 2009 compared to 2004?

A)break and enters
B)theft of personal property
C)theft of household property
D)robbery

Question 44

According to the 2009 General Social Survey,what percent of respondents indicated they had been violently victimized one time?

A)86
B)74
C)45
D)26

Question 45

According to the 2009 General Social Survey,approximately what percentage of victims of a violent crime reported they found it difficult or impossible carry out their daily activities?

A)12 percent
B)28 percent
C)40 percent
D)52 percent

Question 46

According to the 2009 General Social Survey,which level of household income had the highest rate of household victimization?

A)between $20,000 and $30,000
B)between $50,000 and $60,000
C)between $80,000 and $90,000
D)over $100,000

Question 47

According to Perreault and Brennan,what percentage of Canadians in 2009 indicated that they were victimized by at least one crime during the previous 12 months?

A)10 percent
B)25 percent
C)35 percent
D)43 percent

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT one of the offence categories collected by the General Social Survey?

A)robbery
B)murder
C)assault
D)sexual assault

Question 49

Which of the following describes both the UCR and the GSS?

A)they are administrative police records
B)they are national in their coverage
C)they include attempted crimes
D)they use the criminal incident as their primary unit of count

Question 50

What was the first national victimization survey conducted in Canada?

A)the General Social Survey
B)the Canadian Urban Victimization Survey
C)the Victimization Severity Survey
D)the Violence Against Women Survey

Question 51

According to the General Social Survey,which of the following had the lowest rate of household victimizations by type of incident in 2009?

A)break and enters
B)vandalism
C)theft of household property
D)theft of motor vehicle/parts

Question 52

According to the 2009 General Social Survey,what was the violent victimization rate of the elderly (65 or over)?

A)68 per 1,000 incidents
B)43 per 1,000 incidents
C)32 per 1,000 incidents
D)19 per 1,000 incidents

Question 53

According to the 2009 General Social Survey,what percent of respondents indicated they had been violently victimized at least three times?

A)74
B)38
C)25
D)10

Question 54

According to Perreault and Brennan,what percentage of all household property thefts went unreported to the police in 2009?

A)55 percent
B)66 percent
C)77 percent
D)88 percent

Question 55

According to the General Social Survey,which of the following had the highest rate of household victimizations by type of incident in 2009?

A)break and enters
B)vandalism
C)theft of household property
D)theft of personal property

Question 56

According to the 2009 General Social Survey,which of the following faced a greater likelihood of being the victim of a violent crime?

A)people who were single
B)people who were separated
C)people who were divorced
D)people who were living common law

Question 57

What is a benefit of victimization surveys to our understanding of and knowledge about the amount of crime committed in Canada?

A)they help explain the potential to identify the reasons why victims do not report crimes and they are cost-effective
B)they identify the neighbourhood problems that may lead to criminal activity
C)they fail to provide estimates of unrecorded crime
D)they give police information about the impact of new laws

Question 58

According to the General Social Survey,which of the following had the highest rate of violent personal victimization by type of incident in 2009?

A)homicide/attempted murder
B)robbery
C)sexual assault
D)physical assaults

Question 59

According to the General Social Survey,which of the following had the lowest rate of violent personal victimization by type of incident in 2009?

A)homicide/attempted murder
B)robbery
C)sexual assault
D)physical assaults

Question 60

According to the 2009 General Social Survey,where was the most frequent location of a violent victimization?

A)in a single private dwelling
B)in an apartment
C)in a commercial establishment
D)in an office tower

Question 61

According to the 2009 General Social Survey,how many household victimizations were reported to the police?

A)22 percent
B)29 percent
C)36 percent
D)47 percent

Question 62

You return home from your evening yoga class to discover your front door has been forced open.Once inside,you discover that many of your possession have been stolen.The total of the goods would likely be above $1,000.Which of the following are you likely to do?

A)clean up your home and call a friend to stay the night with you
B)call the police to report the incident
C)decide not to bother calling the police as the robbers have already left
D)call a locksmith to repair the front door and go to bed

Question 63

According to the 2009 General Social Survey,what age group was most likely to report a household victimization to the police?

A)55 years or older
B)45 to 54 years
C)25 to 34 years
D)15 to 24 years

Question 64

As a researcher,you decide the only way to gather data regarding inner city youth is to actually speak with them and study how they interact in their everyday situations.Which type of research would you select to gather your data?

A)participant observer
B)overt research
C)covert research
D)unstructured interview

Question 65

Clifford Shaw (1930)used the ethnographic technique to study inner-city young people in Philadelphia.Which book detailed a delinquent boy's own life experiences?

A)The Jack Roller
B)The Graffiti King
C)Life on the Streets
D)Young Life Gone Bad

Question 66

Which of the following did the study on homeless youth in Toronto find to be involved most frequently in criminal activities?

A)youths who had been homeless for less than a month
B)youths who had been homeless for a month up to 6 months
C)youths who had been homeless between 6 months and 1 year
D)youths who had been homeless for over 1 year

Question 67

According to the 2009 General Social Survey,what was the least common reason why victims did not report their victimization to the police?

A)Fear of revenge by the offender.
B)Fear of publicity.
C)It was a personal matter.
D)Nothing was taken or the items were recovered.

Question 68

As a criminologist studying why women are involved in a certain criminal activity,you obtain permission to speak with various women at the Grand Valley Institution for Women.You want to hear from the women themselves about their stories and backgrounds.What is the best type of research for you to achieve this?

A)participant observer
B)overt research
C)covert research
D)unstructured interview

Question 69

Which two subjects are most commonly focused upon in self-report surveys?

A)youths and drug offenders
B)adult women and property
C)minority groups and robbers
D)adults and violent offenders

Question 70

According to the 2009 General Social Survey,what percent of all violent incidents involving multiple offenders were reported to the police?

A)49 percent
B)40 percent
C)32 percent
D)25 percent

Question 71

According to the 2009 General Social Survey,what was the location where most violent crimes occurred?

A)in the victim's apartment
B)in the victim's home
C)in a commercial establishment
D)in the victim's place of work

Question 72

According to the 2009 General Social Survey,what was the most common reason why victims did not report their victimization to the police?

A)The police wouldn't help.
B)Fear of revenge by the offender.
C)The incident was not important enough to the victim.
D)The police couldn't do anything.

Question 73

According to the 2009 General Social Survey,how many violent victimizations were reported to the police?

A)22 percent
B)29 percent
C)37 percent
D)45 percent

Question 74

According to the 2009 General Social Survey,how many victimizations were reported to the police?

A)22 percent
B)31 percent
C)40 percent
D)56 percent

Question 75

According to the 2009 General Social Survey,what percent of all violent incidents committed by a single offender were reported to the police?

A)37 percent
B)28 percent
C)20 percent
D)15 percent

Question 76

What did the self-report survey of male youths in Montreal document about the annual rate of self-reported offending?

A)It was approximately twice as high for those who committed their first youth crimes earlier compared to those who started a few years later.
B)It was approximately the same for those who committed their first youth crimes earlier compared to those who started a few years earlier.
C)It was the same for both homeless youths and those youths who lived at home.
D)It was earlier for homeless youths compared to those youths who lived at home.

Question 77

You are a criminologist who is interested in studying the criminal activity of a particular group.You desire to observe their real-life activities,so you join the group without any of them knowing your purpose.What type of research is this an example of?

A)participant observer
B)overt research
C)covert research
D)unstructured interview

Question 78

According to the 2009 General Social Survey,which type of violent crime were victims most likely to report to the police?

A)robberies
B)physical assaults
C)sexual assaults
D)attempted murders

Question 79

You discover that your roommate has been a victim of a crime and attempt to convince her to call the police.She isn't too badly injured,so she refuses to report the incident.Besides,she feels there is nothing the police would be able to do about it anyway.How would she be considered in relation to other victims in Canada who do not report victimization?

A)she would be in the majority of victims
B)she would be in the minority of victims
C)her actions would surprise many police officers
D)she is afraid of the police

Question 80

Which type of question is typically included in self-report surveys?

A)questions identifying the population at risk
B)questions about why a crime was not reported to the police
C)questions about a subject's attitudes,values,and behaviour
D)questions pertaining to the impact of the crime