Deck 27: Nutrition

Question 1

While addressing a community group,the nurse explains the importance of replacing saturated fats in the diet with mono- and polyunsaturated fats.She emphasizes that doing so greatly reduces the risk of which complication?

A) Kidney failure
B) Liver failure
C) Stroke
D) Lung cancer

Answer 1

Stroke

Question 2

Which polysaccharide is stored in the liver?

A) Insulin
B) Ketones
C) Glycogen
D) Glucose

Answer 2

Glycogen

Question 3

The nurse notices that a patient has spoon-shaped,brittle nails.This suggests that the patient is experiencing Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements related to deficiency of which of the following nutrients?

A) Iron
B) Vitamin A
C) Protein
D) Vitamin C

Answer 3

Iron

Question 4

After instructing a mother about nutrition for a preschool-age child,which statement by the mother indicates correct understanding of the topic?

A) "I usually use dessert only as a reward for eating other foods."
B) "I will hide vegetables in casseroles and stews to get my child to eat them."
C) "I do not give my child snacks; they simply spoil his appetite for meals."
D) "I know that lifelong food habits are developed during this stage of life."

Question 5

During the day shift,a patient's temperature measures 97°F (36.1°C)orally.At 2000,the patient's temperature measures 102°F (38.9°C).What effect does this rise in temperature have on the patient's basal metabolic rate?

A) Increases the rate by 7%
B) Decreases the rate by 14%
C) Increases the rate by 35%
D) Decreases the rate by 28%

Question 6

Which patient is most likely experiencing positive nitrogen balance? A patient admitted:

A) With third-degree burns of his legs
B) In the sixth month of a healthy pregnancy
C) From a nursing home who has been refusing to eat
D) With acute pancreatitis

Question 7

A patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus is admitted with hyperglycemia and associated acidosis.The presence of which alternative fuel in the body is responsible for the acidosis?

A) Glycogen
B) Insulin
C) Ketones
D) Proteins

Question 8

Which nutrient deficiency increases the risk for pressure ulcers?

A) Carbohydrate
B) Protein
C) Fat
D) Vitamin K

Question 9

A mother brings her 4-month-old infant for a well-baby checkup.The mother tells the nurse that she would like to start bottle feeding her baby because she cannot keep up with the demands of breastfeeding since returning to work.Which response by the nurse is appropriate?

A) "Make sure you give your baby an iron-fortified formula to supplement any stored breast milk you have."
B) "You really need to continue breastfeeding your baby."
C) "Give your baby formula until he is 6 months old; then you can introduce whole milk."
D) "Your baby weighs 14 pounds, so he will require about 36 ounces of formula a day."

Question 10

The nurse is providing nutrition counseling for a patient planning pregnancy.The nurse should emphasize the importance of consuming which nutrient to prevent neural tube defects?

A) Folic acid
B) Calcium
C) Protein
D) Vitamin D

Question 11

A patient is brought to the emergency department experiencing leg cramps.He is irritable,his temperature is elevated,and his mucous membranes are dry.Based on these findings,the patient most likely has excess levels of which mineral?

A) Sodium
B) Potassium
C) Phosphorus
D) Magnesium

Question 12

A patient who underwent surgery 24 hours ago is prescribed a clear liquid diet.The patient asks for something to drink.Which item may the nurse provide for the patient?

A) Tea with milk
B) Orange juice
C) Gelatin
D) Skim milk

Question 13

Which laboratory test result most accurately reflects a patient's nutritional status?

A) Albumin
B) Prealbumin
C) Transferrin
D) Hemoglobin

Question 14

A 52-year-old man has a triceps skinfold thickness of 18 mm,and his weight exceeds the ideal body weight for his height by 23%.Which nursing diagnosis should the nurse identify for this patient?

A) Imbalanced Nutrition: More Than Body Requirements
B) Risk for Imbalanced Nutrition: More Than Body Requirements
C) Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements
D) Readiness for Enhanced Nutrition

Question 15

A patient who was prescribed furosemide (Lasix)is deficient in potassium.Which of the following is an appropriate nutritional goal for this patient? The patient will increase his consumption of:

A) Bananas, peaches, molasses, and potatoes
B) Eggs, baking soda, and baking powder
C) Wheat bran, chocolate, eggs, and sardines
D) Egg yolks, nuts, and sardines

Question 16

Which food provides the body with no usable glucose?

A) Wheat germ
B) Apple
C) White bread
D) White rice

Question 17

Which portion of a nutritional assessment must the registered nurse complete?

A) Analyzing the data
B) Obtaining intake and output
C) Weighing the patient
D) Obtaining the history

Question 18

Which nutritional goal is appropriate for a patient newly diagnosed with hypertension? The patient will:

A) Limit his intake of protein
B) Avoid foods containing gluten
C) Restrict his use of sodium
D) Limit his intake of potassium-rich foods

Question 19

A patient with trigeminal neuralgia is prescribed a mechanical soft diet.This diet places the patient at risk for which complication?

A) Dehydration
B) Constipation
C) Hyperglycemia
D) Diarrhea

Question 20

A middle-aged patient with a history of alcohol abuse is admitted with acute pancreatitis.This patient will most likely be deficient in which nutrients?

A) Iron
B) B vitamins
C) Calcium
D) Phosphorus

Question 21

For a patient with Risk for Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements related to Impaired Swallowing,which nursing interventions are appropriate? Select all that apply.

A) Check inside the mouth for pocketing of food after eating.
B) Provide a full liquid diet that is easy to swallow.
C) Remind the patient to raise the chin slightly to prepare for swallowing.
D) Keep the head of the bed elevated for 30 to 45 minutes after feeding.

Question 22

For an elderly client who is experiencing chronic nausea and weight loss,which laboratory result would the nurse recognize as being most consistent with a diagnosis of Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements?

A) Serum glucose of 78 mg/dL
B) Serum albumin of 3.2 g/dL
C) Creatinine of 1.0 mg/dL
D) Potassium of 4.1 g/dL

Question 23

The nurse is caring for a male patient who states,"I have been smoking two packs of cigarettes a day for 20 years and now my nurse practitioner wants me to take vitamins.Do you think I need to take vitamins?" What is the most appropriate response by the nurse?

A) "Smoking is bad for your health. I believe if you stop smoking you would certainly be better off and not have to take vitamins."
B) "Smokers use vitamin C faster than do nonsmokers, and is linked to iron deficiency. You can either eat more foods containing vitamin C and iron or take dietary supplements."
C) "It is probably a good idea. With your history of tobacco use, I'm sure you are lacking in vitamins and nutrients."
D) "I really cannot answer this question. You will need to speak with your nurse practitioner to find out more about this."

Question 24

Which of these statements made by a client whose BMI is 34 and is attempting to lose weight would indicate the need for further teaching?

A) "I should limit the number of fruit juices that I drink every day."
B) "I need to tell my family and friends about my commitment to lose weight."
C) "An online food diary is unlikely to help me to improve my food intake."
D) "I should limit the amount of time that I spend in front of my computer and TV."

Question 25

Which of the following interventions would help to prevent or relieve persistent nausea?

A) Assess for signs of dehydration.
B) Provide dietary supplements.
C) Have the patient sit in an upright position for 30 minutes after eating.
D) Immediately remove any food that the patient cannot eat.

Question 26

The nurse is checking the gastric aspirate for the patient receiving tube feedings.She notes the 200 mL of pale yellow and cloudy fluid with a pH of 7.3.Which action should she take?

A) Stop the feeding immediately; then notify the prescribing provider.
B) Hold the tube feeding for 2 hours; continue if residual is less than 200 mL.
C) Flush tube with 30 mL of sterile water; resume tube feeding at prescribed rate.
D) Administer a promotility agent as prescribed; resume feeding in 1 hour.

Question 27

The nurse completes the nutrition assessment for a 14-year-old female with a BMI of 15.What physical assessment finding might suggest bulimia nervosa?

A) Loss of enamel on teeth
B) Low level of interest in exercise
C) Slightly elevated temperature
D) Skin excoriation in skinfolds

Question 28

The nurse is caring for a patient with a significant history of hypertension and cardiovascular disease.The nurse would be most interested in the findings of which laboratory results?

A) Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL)
B) Fatty acids such as alpha-linolenic acid (omega-3)
C) B-complex vitamins
D) Vitamin K

Question 29

Which instructions should the nurse give to the patient complaining of constipation? Select all that apply.

A) Drink at least eight glasses of water or fluid per day.
B) Include a minimum of four servings of meat per day.
C) Gradually increase your fiber intake to 25 grams per day.
D) Exercise at least 60 minutes per day as you feel necessary.
E) Use the restroom when you feel the urge to defecate.

Question 30

Which class of nutrients is the body's primary source of energy?

A) Proteins
B) Carbohydrates
C) Lipids
D) Vitamins

Question 31

A 30-year-old patient newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes states to the nurse,"If glucose is so important,then I think as long as my blood sugar is high I must be doing well." What is the most appropriate response by the nurse?

A) "It depends on what you mean by high blood sugar. You will need to obtain more information from your provider as diabetes is a very complicated disease process."
B) "I understand how you are thinking; however, a high glucose level does not mean that there is more fuel available for your body's cells. Because you have diabetes, your body cells will allow only a limited amount to enter. The cells can't use the excess glucose."
C) "I will be able to explain this to you a little better later when we talk about diabetes. For now, I have to finish my assessment and then we can get back to your question."
D) "I will teach you how to perform glucose testing when I finish your assessment. As long as your blood sugar remains somewhere in the 120 to 140 range, you will be doing well."

Question 32

What should you include in a plan for teaching adults about dietary trans-fatty acids? Select all that apply.

A) Trans fat increases the shelf-life of foods.
B) Trans fat decreases blood cholesterol levels and LDL levels.
C) The FDA mandates that trans fat content be listed on all food labels.
D) Check for hydrogenated vegetable oils on food labels.
E) Vegetable oil sprays used for cooking are high in trans fats.

Question 33

To promote wound healing,the nurse is teaching a patient about choosing foods containing protein.The nurse will evaluate that learning has occurred if the patient recognizes which food(s)is an incomplete protein that should be consumed with a complementary protein? Select all that apply.

A) Whole grain rice
B) Lentils
C) Soybeans
D) Egg whites
E) Quinoa

Question 34

After inserting a nasogastric tube,what would be the nurse's priority action prior to starting the first tube feeding?

A) Auscultate bowel sounds over the abdomen.
B) Aspirate gastric contents and obtain a pH reading.
C) Obtain radiographic verification (x-ray).
D) Mix the feeding with water for the first feeding only.

Question 35

While the nurse is performing a nutritional assessment her patient states,"I am on a vegan diet.I have been a vegan for 10 years.What do think?" What is the best response by the nurse?

A) "Is this a religious or cultural requirement for you?"
B) "It is fine; however, you may not be getting all the nutrients you need."
C) "Can you tell me about the foods you eat along with any other supplements you take?"
D) "I think it is your right to be on whatever diet you would like to be on."

Question 36

A patient's 2:1 parenteral nutrition container infuses before the pharmacy prepares the next container.This places the patient at risk for which complication?

A) Sepsis
B) Pneumothorax
C) Hypoglycemia
D) Thrombophlebitis

Question 37

The nurse is teaching a patient about the importance of reducing saturated fats in his diet.The nurse will recognize that learning has occurred if,upon questioning,the patient replies that he should read product labels to eliminate the intake of which saturated fats? Select all that apply.

A) Palm oil
B) Coconut oil
C) Canola oil
D) Peanut oil
E) Safflower oil

Question 38

A group of pediatric nurses accepts an international assignment in an underdeveloped country.The nurses are informed that they will be caring for many children with kwashiorkor.The nurses will create a care plan focusing on which primary nutrient for these children?

A) Calories
B) Protein
C) Lipids
D) Glucose

Question 39

Where in the body is glucose stored? Select all that apply.

A) Brain
B) Liver
C) Skeletal muscles
D) Smooth muscles
E) Bone marrow

Question 40

An elderly female,adequately nourished,was admitted to the skilled nursing facility 3 months ago.Since then,she has had a significant weight loss and become frail.Her appetite and activity level are reduced and she has lost interest in interacting with other patients.What would the nurse suspect the reason for her condition to be?

A) Need for teaching about nutrition
B) Anxiety
C) Distaste for the food served
D) Adult failure to thrive

Question 41

The nurse admitting a new patient to the medical-surgical unit is conducting a dietary history.What information should the nurse include? Select all that apply.

A) Basic eating habits
B) Food preferences
C) Attitude toward food
D) A body mass index (BMI)
E) Cultural dietary restrictions

Question 42

The nurse assigned to an oncology unit reports that three of the patients with cancer do not have an appetite and have eaten little during the shift.What strategies can the nurse on the next shift use to increase her patients' appetites? Select all that apply.

A) Offer frequent, smaller meals.
B) Keep the patients' rooms neat and clean.
C) Provide or assist with frequent oral hygiene.
D) Increase liquid intake with meals.
E) Serve foods with little aroma.

Question 43

A nurse on a medical-surgical unit asks a licensed practical nurse (LPN)to help with nutritional assessments for newly admitted patients.What part of the nutritional assessment can be delegated to the LPN? Select all that apply.

A) Height and weight
B) Intake and output
C) Nutritional history
D) Interpreting laboratory findings
E) Body fat measurement

Question 44

The pediatric nurse is preparing a teaching plan about vitamins for parents of school-age children.What vital information will the nurse include in the plan? Select all that apply.

A) Vitamins are needed for cellular metabolism.
B) Vitamins are necessary for preventing particular deficiency diseases.
C) Because the body does not make vitamins, they must be supplied by the foods we eat.
D) The most important vitamin for children is vitamin C.
E) Vitamin C toxicity occurs in people with liver dysfunction.