Question 1

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB)is caused by&#10;A) endometrial inflammation.&#10;B) reproductive tract malignancies.&#10;C) endometrial fibroid tumors.&#10;D) absent or diminished levels of progesterone.

Accepted Answer

The term dysfunctional uterine bleeding is used to describe abnormal endometrial bleeding not associated with tumor,inflammation,pregnancy,trauma,or hormonal effects.Absent or diminished levels of progesterone will result in a thick and extremely vascular endometrium that lacks structural support.As a result of this fragile structure,spontaneous and superficial hemorrhage occurs randomly throughout the endometrium.Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is used to describe abnormal endometrial bleeding not associated with inflammation.DUB is used to describe abnormal bleeding not associated with tumors or malignancies.Fibroid tumors are not associated with the term dysfunctional uterine bleeding.

Question 2

A breast lump that is painless,hard,and unmoving is most likely&#10;A) fibrocystic breast disease.&#10;B) fibroadenoma.&#10;C) papilloma.&#10;D) carcinoma.

Accepted Answer

Malignant tumors are usually painless,hard,and poorly movable.Masses in fibrocystic breast disease are firm,mobile,and tender.Fibroadenomas are a benign breast disorder.Papillomas are a specific benign neoplasm of the breast.

Question 3

Infection by ________ accounts for nearly half of all reported cases of vulvovaginitis.&#10;A) Chlamydia trachomatis&#10;B) Candida albicans&#10;C) Neisseria gonorrhoeae&#10;D) Pseudomonas

Accepted Answer

Infection by Candida albicans (formerly called Monilia)accounts for approximately half of all reported cases of vulvovaginitis.Chlamydia trachomatis is a common cause of pelvic inflammatory disease.Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a common causative agent in PID,because it can penetrate the bacteriostatic barrier of cervical mucous.Pseudomonas may be associated with PID.

Question 4

Absence of menstruation is called&#10;A) amenorrhea.&#10;B) metrorrhagia.&#10;C) menorrhagia.&#10;D) dysmenorrhea.

Accepted Answer

Amenorrhea is the absence or suppression of menstruation in a female aged 16 or older.Metrorrhagia is bleeding between menstrual periods.Menorrhagia is an often debilitating increase in the amount or duration of menstrual bleeding.Dysmenorrhea is menstruation that is painful enough to limit normal activity.

Question 5

Endometriosis is a condition in which&#10;A) the endometrium sloughs continuously.&#10;B) ectopic endometrial tissue is present.&#10;C) an abnormal Pap smear is diagnostic.&#10;D) the endometrium proliferates and does not shed.

Accepted Answer

Endometriosis is the presence of endometrial tissue outside the lining of the uterine cavity.The only normal location for endometrial tissue is the endometrial lining of the uterus,but with endometriosis,the tissue is found outside the uterine cavity.Endometriosis is not diagnosed with a Pap smear.Diagnosis is made by a physician based on symptoms.The most prominent symptom of endometriosis is dysmenorrheal.

Question 6

Uterine prolapse is caused by a relaxation of the&#10;A) cardinal ligaments.&#10;B) abdominal organs.&#10;C) cervix.&#10;D) vaginal musculature.

Accepted Answer

Alterations in uterine position and pelvic support may occur anytime during a woman's reproductive years.The major support for the uterus and upper part of the vagina is provided by the thickenings of the endopelvic fascia known as the cardinal ligaments.If the support of the vaginal wall is also compromised,the pressure of the abdominal organs on the uterus will gradually force it downward through the vagina into the introitus.The relaxation of the cardinal ligaments permits the cervix to sag into the vagina.Uterine prolapse can occur when the supporting structures and the cardinal ligaments relax and allow the uterus to sag into the vagina.

Question 7

Excessive vomiting in pregnant women is known as&#10;A) placenta previa.&#10;B) hyperemesis gravidarum.&#10;C) abruptio placentae.&#10;D) spontaneous abortion.

Accepted Answer

Hyperemesis gravidarum is a Latin term for excess of vomiting in pregnant women.Although transient nausea and vomiting occur in about half of women in the first trimester of pregnancy,in a few women these symptoms continue throughout the entire course of pregnancy.Placenta previa is a condition in which the placenta is implanted abnormally over the internal cervical os.Abruptio placentae is premature separation of the placenta before delivery of the fetus.Spontaneous abortion is expulsion of the products of conception from the uterus before the period of fetal viability.

Question 8

The HPV vaccine is recommended for 11- to 12-year-old girls,but can be administered to girls as young as _____ years of age.&#10;A) 7&#10;B) 8&#10;C) 9&#10;D) 10

Accepted Answer

The HPV vaccine is recommended for 11- to 12-year-old girls,but can be administered to girls as young as 9 years of age.The HPV vaccine is recommended for girls above the age of 9.The HPV vaccine is not recommended for females under the age of 9.The vaccine also is recommended for 13- to 26-year-old females who have not yet received or completed the vaccine series.

Question 9

A 52-year-old female had a surgical procedure in which the breast,lymphatics,and underlying muscle were removed.The procedure performed was a&#10;A) radical mastectomy.&#10;B) modified radical mastectomy.&#10;C) mastectomy.&#10;D) lumpectomy.

Accepted Answer

A radical mastectomy is a rare procedure in which the breast,lymphatic drainage,and underlying pectoral muscles are removed.A modified radical mastectomy occurs when the breast is removed and a portion of the axillary lymphatic system is dissected.Removal of the breast only is a simple mastectomy.A lumpectomy is the removal of the lesion only.

Question 10

A potential risk factor for breast cancer includes&#10;A) a history of fibrocystic breast disease.&#10;B) more than three pregnancies prior to age 35.&#10;C) malnourishment.&#10;D) early menarche and late first pregnancy.

Accepted Answer

It has been observed in many research studies that giving birth at a young age (less than 18 years)is associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer,and that giving birth for the first time aged 35 years or older increases the risk.Recent research has disproved the theory that fibrocystic breast disease leads to cancer.Parity (the number of children a woman has given birth to)has been associated with risk,with low parity increasing risk and high parity having a protective effect.It has been suggested that the amount of fat in the diet is a risk factor for breast cancer.

Question 11

A 32-year-old female complaining of severe pain with menstruation and inability to participate in her routine household activities is likely experiencing&#10;A) dysmenorrhea.&#10;B) menorrhagia.&#10;C) amenorrhea.&#10;D) metrorrhagia.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 32-year-old female complaining of severe pain...

Question 12

The expected treatment of a pregnant woman with hyperemesis gravidarum is&#10;A) immediate cesarean section.&#10;B) seizure prophylaxis.&#10;C) surgical removal of uterine contents.&#10;D) intravenous therapy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The expected treatment of a pregnant woman...

Question 13

What reproductive tract disorder is most likely to be associated with urinary stress incontinence?&#10;A) Rectocele&#10;B) Menopause&#10;C) Cystocele&#10;D) Cervicitis

Accepted Answer

The answer of What reproductive tract disorder is most likely...

Question 14

Which pharmacologic treatments may be seen in a patient with breast cancer? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) Estrogen receptor modulators&#10;B) Estrogen antagonists&#10;C) Anti-inflammatory agents&#10;D) Estrogen/progesterone combination therapies&#10;E) Antineoplastic agents

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which pharmacologic treatments may be seen in...

Question 15

The most common types of uterine tumors are known as&#10;A) ovarian cysts.&#10;B) endometriomas.&#10;C) hydatidiform moles.&#10;D) leiomyomas.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most common types of uterine tumors...

Question 16

Which symptom would be manifested in a woman diagnosed with pregnancy-induced hypertension? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) Excessive vomiting&#10;B) Proteinuria&#10;C) Peripheral edema&#10;D) Increased arterial pressure&#10;E) Hemorrhage

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which symptom would be manifested in a...

Question 17

Cervical cancer can be detected in the early,curable stage by the ________ test.&#10;A) Papanicolaou&#10;B) human papillomavirus&#10;C) gonorrhoeae&#10;D) vaginal pH

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cervical cancer can be detected in the...

Question 18

Treatment of a uterine prolapse may involve the insertion of a(n)________ to hold the uterus in place.&#10;A) catheter.&#10;B) IUD.&#10;C) pessary.&#10;D) endopelvic mesh implant.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Treatment of a uterine prolapse may involve...

Question 19

A change occurring in a pregnant woman that is indicative of a potential disorder is&#10;A) increased metabolic rate.&#10;B) 30% to 40% increase in cardiac output.&#10;C) increased oxygen consumption.&#10;D) increased urinary protein.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A change occurring in a pregnant woman...

Question 20

It is true that fibrocystic breast disease&#10;A) commonly progresses to breast cancer.&#10;B) may be exacerbated by methylxanthines.&#10;C) is characterized by painless breast lumps.&#10;D) is a contraindication for progesterone birth control pills.

Accepted Answer

The answer of It is true that fibrocystic breast disease&#10;A)...

Deck 33: Alterations in Female Genital and Reproductive Function