Exam 2: ACSM Registered Clinical Exercise Physiologist

Question 1

Functions of bone include all of the following EXCEPT __________.

A) Support for the body.
B) Protection of organs and tissues.
C) Production of red blood cells.
D) Production of force.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A standard site for the measurement of circumferences is the __________.

A) Abdomen.
B) Neck.
C) Wrist.
D) Ankle.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Arteries are large-diameter vessels that carry blood away from the heart. As they course through the body, they progressively decrease in size until they become __________.

A) Arterioles.
B) Anastomoses.
C) Venules.
D) Veins.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is considered to be a "ball-and-socket" joint?

A) Ankle.
B) Elbow.
C) Knee.
D) Hip.

Question 5

Which of the following is the ability of a force to cause rotation of a lever?

A) Center of gravity.
B) Base of support.
C) Torque.
D) Stability.

Question 6

The prime movers for extension of the knee are the __________.

A) Biceps femoris.
B) Biceps brachii.
C) Quadriceps femoris.
D) Gastrocnemius.

Question 7

All of the following statements are true regarding long bones EXCEPT __________.

A) The diaphysis is composed of compact bone.
B) The epiphysis consists of spongy bone.
C) Most bones of the axial skeleton are of this type.
D) The central shaft encases the medullary canal.

Question 8

In the organization of skeletal muscle, the muscle cell contains the contractile proteins. Which of the following is a contractile protein?

A) Myosin.
B) Muscle fascicle.
C) Myofibril.
D) Muscle fiber.

Question 9

Blood leaving the heart to be oxygenated in the lungs must first pass through the right atrium and ventricle. Through which valve does blood flow when moving from the right atrium to the right ventricle?

A) Bicuspid valve.
B) Tricuspid valve.
C) Pulmonic valve.
D) Aortic valve.

Question 10

The C-shaped cartilages of the trachea allow all of the following to occur EXCEPT __________.

A) Ciliated movement of mucus-secreting cells.
B) Distention of the esophagus.
C) Maintenance of open airway.
D) Prevention of tracheal collapse during pressure changes.

Question 11

Running is a locomotor activity similar to walking but with some differences. In comparison to walking, running requires greater __________.

A) Balance.
B) Muscle strength.
C) Range of motion.
D) All of the above.

Question 12

Standard sites for the measurement of skinfolds include the __________.

A) Medial thigh.
B) Biceps.
C) Infra iliac.
D) Forearm.

Question 13

Blood from the peripheral anatomy flows to the heart through the superior and inferior venae cava into the __________.

A) Right atrium.
B) Left atrium.
C) Right ventricle.
D) Left ventricle.

Question 14

A client in your exercise class has been complaining of back pain with no ridiculer symptoms. This person has been treated medically and is now joining the exercise program to improve flexibility in the low back. Which exercise would be most appropriate for this person to address the stated goal?

A) Hip flexor stretch.
B) Knee-to-chest stretch.
C) Gastrocnemius stretch.
D) Lateral trunk stretch.

Question 15

The most common site used for measurement of the pulse during exercise is the __________.

A) Popliteal.
B) Femoral.
C) Radial.
D) Dorsalis pedis.

Question 16

The arm is capable of performing all of the following motions EXCEPT __________.

A) Flexion.
B) Abduction.
C) Inversion.
D) Supination.

Question 17

Cartilage is categorized as which of the following types of connective tissue?

A) Loose.
B) Dense.
C) Fluid.
D) Supporting.

Question 18

The law of inertia __________.

A) States that a body at rest tends to remain at rest, whereas a body in motion tends to continue to stay in motion with consistent speed and in the same direction unless acted on by an outside force.
B) States that the velocity of a body is changed only when acted on by an additional force.
C) States that the driving force of the body is doubled and that the rate of acceleration is also doubled.
D) States that the production of any force will create another force that will be opposite and equal to the first force.

Question 19

A baseball pitcher has been complaining of weakness in the lateral rotation motions of the shoulder. You have been asked to evaluate him for a strengthening program. Which of the following muscles would you have him concentrate on strengthening?

A) Subscapularis.
B) Teres major.
C) Latissimus dorsi.
D) Teres minor.

Question 20

An abnormal curve of the spine with lateral deviation of the vertebral column is called __________.

A) Lordosis.
B) Scoliosis.
C) Kyphosis.
D) Primary curve.

Question 21

Which of the following is true when two people of different weights (80 and 70 kg) are exercising at 5 mph 5% grade on a treadmill?

A) V02 will be different if expressed in mL/kg/min.
B) V02 will be the same if expressed in L/min.
C) Cardiac output will be the same in L/min.
D) None of the above.

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a major food fuel during exercise?

A) Glucose.
B) Fatty acids.
C) Protein.
D) Glycogen.

Question 23

Which of the following bones articulates proximally with the sternal manubrium and distally with the scapula and is helpful to palpate in electrode placement?

A) Scapula.
B) Sternum.
C) Clavicle.
D) Twelfth rib.

Question 24

Which of the following would provide the SMALLEST potential energy source in the body?

A) Fat.
B) Protein.
C) PCr.
D) ATP.

Question 25

Which of the following is characteristic of running versus walking?

A) Less vigorous arm action.
B) Decreased stride length.
C) Period of nonsupport.
D) Period of double-support.

Question 26

Which of the following will increase stability?

A) Lowering the center of gravity.
B) Raising the center of gravity.
C) Decreasing the base of support.
D) Moving the center of gravity farther from the edge of the base of support.

Question 27

Who first described that a body immersed in fluid is buoyed up with a force equal to the weight of the displaced fluid?

A) Einstein.
B) Freud.
C) Whitehead.
D) Archimedes.

Question 28

In second-class lever __________.

A) The Axis is located between the effort force and the resistance.
B) The resistance is located between the effort force and the axis.
C) The effort force is located between the resistance and the axis.
D) None of the above.

Question 29

Pain caused by low back muscle guarding and spasm in the absence of signs of disk herniation is often treated with muscle stretching. Which of the following is helpful stretching activities for the low back?

A) Knee to chest.
B) Double-knee to chest.
C) Lower trunk rotation.
D) All of the above.

Question 30

The rear-foot motion called pronation results from a combination of __________.

A) Abduction, eversion, and plantarflexion.
B) Adduction, inversion, and plantarflexion.
C) Abduction, eversion, and dorsiflexion.
D) Adduction, inversion, and dorsiflexion.

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the "power position" used for lifting with proper body mechanics?

A) Shoulders slouched.
B) Back straight.
C) Body bent forward from the hips.
D) Knees slightly bent.

Question 32

The intervertebral disks have which of the following characteristics?

A) Calcified outer ring.
B) Gelatinous inner nucleus portion.
C) Gray matter surrounding the neural cell bodies.
D) All of the above.

Question 33

When compared with leg exercise, arm exercise results in a relatively __________.

A) Increased HR at all intensities.
B) Lower SBP at all intensities.
C) Increased venous return at all intensities.
D) Increased V02 max.

Question 34

Slapping of the foot during heel strike and increased knee and hip flexion during swing are characteristic of __________.

A) Weakness in the gluteus medius and minimus.
B) Weakness in the quadriceps femoris.
C) Weakness in the plantar flexors.
D) Weakness in the dorsiflexors.

Question 35

Before and after 10 weeks of endurance training, an individual performs a submaximal exercise test at a constant work rate. Which of the following changes would most likely occur as a result of the endurance training?

A) A lower cardiac output.
B) An increase in oxygen consumption.
C) An increase in the blood flow to the exercising muscle.
D) Lower blood lactate levels.

Question 36

The chemical energy that is directly converted to do work is __________.

A) ATP.
B) Creatine phosphate.
C) Beta oxidation of fatty acids.
D) All of the above.

Question 37

Angular motion occurs when __________.

A) A force is applied off-center to a freely-moveable object.
B) A freely-movable object moves in a straight line when a force is applied on-center.
C) An object is free to move only in a linear path.
D) All of the above.

Question 38

During exercise of increasing intensity, the SV of normal adults __________.

A) Continues to increase throughout the duration of exercise up to V02 max.
B) Remains relatively stable during submaximal exercise of greater than approximately 50% of V02 max.
C) Will continue to increase and then level off just before the achievement of V02 max.
D) None of the above.

Question 39

Which type of musculoskeletal lever is most common?

A) First-class.
B) Second-class.
C) Third-class.
D) Fourth-class.

Question 40

Low back pain occurs most commonly in the lumbar region, because __________.

A) The lumbar vertebrae are the least mobile.
B) The lumbar disks are subject to the most pressure.
C) The lumbar vertebrae support much of the body weight.
D) All of the above.

Question 41

The energy to perform long-term exercise (> or = 15 min) comes primarily from __________.

A) Aerobic metabolism.
B) A combination of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism, with anaerobic metabolism producing the bulk of the ATP.
C) Anaerobic metabolism.
D) None of the above.

Question 42

The simplest and most rapid method to produce ATP during exercise is through __________.

A) Glycolysis.
B) The ATP-PCr system.
C) Aerobic metabolism.
D) Glycogenolysis.

Question 43

Which of the following statements regarding arm versus leg exercise is correct?

A) Target HR should not be used as a guide for arm exercise.
B) Target HR for leg exercise should be decreased by 10 bpm for arm exercise.
C) Target HR for leg exercise should be increased by 10 bpm for arm exercise.
D) Higher maximal oxygen consumption should be expected in arm exercise.

Question 44

Cardiac muscle action potentials are longer in duration than those of skeletal muscle. The longer action potential does not allow the muscle to __________.

A) Twitch.
B) Undergo summation.
C) Have tetanus.
D) Summarize.

Question 45

During mild to moderate exercise, pulmonary ventilation increases primarily as a result of increased __________.

A) Tidal volume.
B) Breathing frequency.
C) Vital capacity.
D) Total lung volume.

Question 46

When a motor unit is stimulated by a single nerve impulse, it responds by contracting one time and then relaxing. This is called a __________.

A) Twitch.
B) Summation.
C) Tetanus.
D) Summary.

Question 47

Which of the following cardiovascular variables does NOT increase as a result of chronic exercise while performing a single bout of maximal exercise?

A) Maximal HR.
B) Maximal cardiac output.
C) Maximal SV.
D) Maximal oxygen consumption.

Question 48

In general, the higher the intensity of the activity, the greater the contribution of __________.

A) Aerobic energy production.
B) Anaerobic energy production.
C) The Krebs cycle to the production of ATP.
D) The electron-transport chain to the production of ATP.

Question 49

The anaerobic threshold occurs at the onset of __________.

A) Oxidative phosphorylation.
B) Maximal oxygen consumption.
C) Metabolic acidosis.
D) Aerobic metabolism.

Question 50

Which muscle protein contains many cross-bridges?

A) Myofibril.
B) Sarcomere.
C) Troponin.
D) Myosin.

Question 51

Myocardial oxygen consumption is best estimated from __________.

A) Maximal oxygen consumption.
B) RPP.
C) Cardiac output.
D) HR.

Question 52

Which of the following statements about static exercise is accurate?

A) It results in reduced pressure on the heart.
B) It is inappropriate for any client with heart disease.
C) It involves rhythmic, continuous activity.
D) It results in increased HR and SBP.

Question 53

Which of the following is NOT a muscle type?

A) Skeletal.
B) Smooth.
C) Cardiac.
D) Generic.

Question 54

Fast-twitch muscle fibers have which of the following characteristics compared with slow twitch muscle fibers?

A) Easily fatigued and well-developed aerobic system.
B) High force production and well-developed blood supply.
C) High PCr stores and high ATPase stores.
D) None of the above.

Question 55

In a rested, well-fed athlete, most of the carbohydrate used as a substrate during exercise comes from __________.

A) Muscle glycogen stores.
B) Blood glucose.
C) Liver glycogen stores.
D) Glycogen stored in fat cells.

Question 56

End-diastolic volume is highest when measured with the client in which position?

A) Recumbent.
B) Sitting.
C) Standing.
D) Supine.

Question 57

The three principal mechanisms for increasing venous return during dynamic exercise are __________.

A) A decrease in SV, HR, and compliance of the vascular system.
B) Venoconstriction, pumping action of muscle, and the pumping action of the respiratory system.
C) An increase in vascular resistance, increase in HR, and decrease in blood pressure.
D) None of the above.

Question 58

Any physical activity with a performance time of approximately 30 seconds or less relies on which of the following energy systems?

A) ATP.
B) PCr.
C) ATP-PCr.
D) Aerobic glycolysis.

Question 59

Which of the following are byproducts of aerobic metabolism?

A) Carbon dioxide and water.
B) Oxygen and water.
C) ATP and oxygen.
D) Hydrogen and oxygen.

Question 60

The motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates are called a __________.

A) Motor junction.
B) Motor unit.
C) Motor end plate.
D) None of the above.

Question 61

Which of the following describes a normal post exercise blood pressure (BP) response?

A) Elevated systolic and diastolic values compared to preparticipation values.
B) Progressive decline in SBP.
C) Progressive increase in SBP.
D) Exaggerated decrease in DBP.

Question 62

Stroke volume is defined as ___________.

A) The product of cardiac output and total peripheral resistance.
B) The difference between EDV and ESV.
C) The product of preload and HR.
D) The product of cardiac output and arteriovenous oxygen difference.

Question 63

The total number of muscle fibers is fixed at an early age, but __________.

A) At adolescence, males exhibit rapid hypertrophy of muscle.
B) In comparison to males, females exhibit a more rapid hypertrophy of muscle.
C) Males lose muscle mass faster at an early age when they remain sedentary.
D) Males tend to exhibit muscle hypertrophy at a later age than females.

Question 64

In terms of chronological age, early childhood is usually described as ___________.

A) Birth to 3 weeks.
B) 3 weeks to 1 year.
C) 1 to 6 years.
D) 7 to 10 years.

Question 65

Increased after load associated with increased peripheral resistance as a result of aging causes __________.

A) Left ventricular hypertrophy.
B) Kidney failure.
C) Liver damage.
D) Liver failure.

Question 66

The increases as a result of physical training in elderly persons. This occurs for all of the following reasons EXCEPT __________.

A) In men, the increase is a function of improved central and peripheral adaptations.
B) In women, the increase is a function of improved peripheral adaptations.
C) In both men and women, regular aerobic exercise slows the decline with aging.
D) In both men and women, regular aerobic exercise speeds the decline with aging.

Question 67

Advancing age brings a progressive decline in bone mineral density and calcium content; this process is accelerated in women immediately following menopause. Which condition is commonly associated with this condition?

A) Osteoarthritis.
B) Osteoporosis.
C) Arthritis.
D) Epiphysitis.

Question 68

During exercise, SV increases as a result of __________.

A) The Frank-Starling law.
B) Increased HR.
C) Increased ejection fraction.
D) Increased pulmonary artery pressure.

Question 69

Which of the following factors does NOT impair an older individual's ability to thermoregulate?

A) Reduced total body water.
B) Decreased renal function.
C) Decreased vascular peripheral responsiveness.
D) Enhanced sweat response.

Question 70

Which age group is the fastest-growing segment?

A) Preadolescents.
B) Adolescents.
C) Adults aged 65 to 85 years.
D) Adults older than 85 years.

Question 71

As a result of exercise training, cardiac output becomes __________.

A) Higher at any given workload.
B) Lower at any given workload.
C) Essentially unchanged at any given workload.
D) Diminished because of reduced SV.

Question 72

An increase in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure at rest and during exercise often accompanies aging. Blood pressure usually increases because of __________.

A) Increased arterial compliance and decreased arterial stiffness.
B) Decreased arterial compliance and increased arterial stiffness.
C) Decrease in both arterial compliance and arterial stiffness.
D) Increase in both arterial compliance and arterial stiffness.

Question 73

The remains relatively unchanged throughout childhood. However, after age 25, it typically decreases by __________.

A) 0% to 5% each decade.
B) 5% to 15% each decade.
C) 15% to 20% each decade.
D) 15% to 20% each year.

Question 74

Which of the following can an older person expect as a result of participation in an exercise program?

A) Overall improvement in the quality of life and increased independence.
B) No changes in the quality of life but an increase in longevity.
C) Increased longevity but a loss of bone mass.
D) Loss of bone mass with a concomitant increase in bone density.

Question 75

Strenuous exercise can predispose children to which of the following?

A) Osteoporosis.
B) Osteoarthritis.
C) Malignant tumors.
D) Epiphysitis.

Question 76

Cardiac output is a function of heart rate and stroke volume. In children, why is heart rate higher at rest and during exercise?

A) Because in children, stroke volume is directly related to how much left ventricular stiffness reduces diastolic filling.
B) Because in children, cardiac output is regulated more by peripheral resistance than V02 max by any other variable.
C) Because children typically have a lower stroke volume compared to adults.
D) Because children typically have a more elevated peripheral resistance compared to adults.

Question 77

A medical history as well as risk factor screening are important before prescribing an exercise program for older adults. Individuals with one or more risk factors for exercise participation should be referred __________.

A) Directly to the hospital and admitted for further evaluation.
B) In 1 month to the nearest exercise facility.
C) For diagnostic exercise tolerance testing.
D) Immediately to a hospital emergency room.

Question 78

All of the following musculoskeletal changes typically occur with advancing age EXCEPT __________.

A) Decreased flexibility.
B) Impaired balance.
C) Inhibited range of motion.
D) Skeletal muscle hypertrophy.

Question 79

Body fat generally increases with advancing age, particularly between childhood and early adulthood, because of __________.

A) An exponential increase in caloric consumption.
B) A great increase in caloric consumption and a small decline in fat production.
C) Body fat accumulation as a result of an imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure.
D) Alterations in resting metabolic rate.

Question 80

Cardiac output is a function of __________.

A) HR, preload, after load, and contractility.
B) HR and SBP.
C) SV and EDV.
D) Maximal oxygen consumption and arteriovenous oxygenation difference.