Deck 3: Mendelian Inheritance

Question 1

An individual who has two identical alleles for a trait is said to be ________.

A) homozygous
B) heterozygous
C) isozygous
D) a variant

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Mendel's work with two-factor crosses led directly to which of the following?

A) chromosomal theory of inheritance
B) particulate theory of inheritance
C) law of segregation
D) law of independent assortment
E) theory of biological evolution

Answer 2

D

Question 3

A true-breeding line of green pod pea plants is crossed with a true-breeding line of yellow pod plants.All of their offspring have green pods.From this information,it can be stated that the green color is ________ to the yellow color.

A) recessive
B) dominant
C) subservient
D) blended
E) None of these choices are correct.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The use of crosses between different strains of pea plants was not the first attempt to explain heredity.The theory of pangenesis was first proposed by ________.

A) Aristotle
B) Galen
C) Mendel
D) Hippocrates
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 5

Mendel's work was rediscovered in 1900 by which of the following individual(s)?

A) Carl Correns
B) Erich von Tschermak
C) Hugh de Vries
D) All of these choices are correct.

Question 6

Differences in plant characteristics such as flower color or height are called variants or traits.

Question 7

When Mendel crossed two plants that were heterozygous for a single trait,what was the phenotypic ratio of their offspring?

A) 1:2:1
B) 9:3:3:1
C) 3:1
D) 7:4
E) Varied depending on the trait

Question 8

When Mendel crossed two plants that were heterozygous for a single trait,what was the genotypic ratio of their offspring?

A) 1:2:1
B) 9:3:3:1
C) 3:1
D) 1:1
E) Varied depending on the trait

Question 9

The genetic composition of an individual is called its ________.

A) phenotype
B) genotype
C) hybrid
D) dominance
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 10

The anthers represent the ________ portion of the plant; the ovules represent the ________ portion of the plant.

A) female; male
B) male; female
C) female; female
D) male; male

Question 11

Mendel's work on inheritance had an immediate influence on the scientific community and theories of inheritance.

Question 12

Which of the following characteristics made the pea plant Pisum sativum an ideal organism for Mendel's studies?

A) It has the ability to self-fertilize.
B) It was possible to cross-fertilize one plant with another.
C) It has easily identifiable traits.
D) All of these choices are correct.

Question 13

What resulted from Mendel's work with single-factor crosses?

A) law of segregation
B) law of independent assortment
C) theory of natural selection
D) law of biological evolution

Question 14

Which of the following traits were studied by Mendel? Check all that apply.

A) flower color
B) seed color
C) pod color
D) pollen color
E) plant height

Question 15

Mendel's data from single-factor crosses did not support a blending mechanism of inheritance.Which of the following is correct regarding the blending theory of inheritance?

A) It theorized that hereditary traits blended from one generation to the next.
B) It was possible for the blending to change the trait from one generation to the next.
C) It was supported by early research of tobacco plants by Joseph Kölreuter.
D) It was the prevailing theory of inheritance prior to Mendel.
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 16

In a Punnett square diagram,the outside of the box represents the ________.

A) diploid offspring
B) haploid offspring
C) diploid gametes
D) haploid gametes

Question 17

The observable characteristics of an organism are called its ________.

A) phenotype
B) genotype
C) dominance
D) genes
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 18

What theory did Mendel's work with monohybrid crosses support?

A) blending theory of inheritance
B) particulate theory of inheritance
C) chromosomal theory of inheritance
D) pangenesis

Question 19

When studying a genetic cross,the second generation following the initial cross is identified by which of the following?

A) P generation
B) F₁ generation
C) F₂ generation
D) F₃ generation
E) P₃ generation

Question 20

An individual who has two different alleles for a trait is called ________.

A) haploid
B) homozygous
C) heterozygous
D) isozygous
E) true-breeding

Question 21

In a genetic cross,the ________ represent offspring with genetic combinations that were not found in the parental lines.

A) P generation
B) nonrecombinants
C) parentals
D) nonparentals

Question 22

If two individuals with different distinct characteristics are mated,their offspring is called a ________.

A) strain
B) true-breeding line
C) gamete
D) cross
E) hybrid

Question 23

In a genetic cross,there are n classes of data.What would the degrees of freedom be for a chi square test on this data?

A) n
B) n + 1
C) n - 1
D) 2n + 1
E) x(n) where x equals the number of individuals in the cross

Question 24

A cross in which a researcher investigates the patterns of inheritance of a single trait is called a ________.

A) monohybrid cross
B) multi-factor cross
C) two-factor cross
D) cross-fertilization
E) self-fertilization

Question 25

A specific version of a gene is called a(n)________.

A) trait
B) character
C) gamete
D) allele
E) variant

Question 26

In a two-factor cross using Mendelian inheritance,if both parents are heterozygous for both traits,what will be the phenotypic ratio of their offspring?

A) 3:1
B) 1:2:1
C) 1:1
D) 9:3:3:1

Question 27

Which of the following would be used to determine the probability of three independent events in order?

A) sum rule
B) product rule
C) chi square test
D) binomial expansion
E) random sampling error

Question 28

The chi square test is used to prove that a hypothesis is correct.

Question 29

A couple would like to know what the probability is that out of five children,three will be girls.This is solved using which of the following?

A) sum rule
B) product rule
C) chi square test
D) binomial expansion
E) random sampling error

Question 30

If over several generations a character does not vary in a group of organisms,that group can be called a ________.

A) heterozygote
B) hybrid
C) true-breeding line
D) variant
E) cross-fertilized line

Question 31

Recall that in pea plants,purple flower color is dominant and white is recessive.If two heterozygous plants are crossed,what is the probability that the first two offspring will have purple flowers?

A) 1/2
B) 1/4
C) 6/4
D) 9/16
E) 1/16

Question 32

The ________ refers to the genetic composition of an individual.

A) character
B) genotype
C) phenotype
D) dominant trait
E) recessive trait

Question 33

Mendel's data and the study of chromosomes and meiosis did not support the idea of ________,which is the belief that seeds are produced by all parts of the body and transmitted to the next generation.

A) the chromosome theory of inheritance
B) pangenesis
C) the blending theory of inheritance
D) the law of segregation
E) the law of independent assortment

Question 34

In humans,patterns of inheritance are often studied using which of the following?

A) two-factor crosses
B) production of true-breeding lines
C) pedigree analysis
D) self-fertilization

Question 35

In the biological sciences,the hypothesis is usually rejected if the P value is ________.

A) greater than 1
B) less than 0.30
C) less than 0.95
D) less than 0.05
E) less than 1

Question 36

The likelihood that the variation of observed data from expectations is due to random chance is called the ________.

A) P value
B) goodness of fit
C) degrees of freedom
D) empirical approach

Question 37

A coin is flipped 100 times,with a result of 53 heads and 47 tails.The deviation between the observed numbers and the expected 50-50 results is called ________.

A) probability
B) degrees of freedom
C) goodness of fit
D) random sampling error
E) standard error

Question 38

If a Punnett square is used to visualize a three-factor cross,how many boxes would be inside of the square?

A) 3
B) 8
C) 48
D) 64
E) can't be determined

Question 39

The chance that a future event will occur is called ________.

A) probability
B) goodness of fit
C) degrees of freedom
D) random selection
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 40

The ________ refers to the observable characteristics of an individual.

A) character
B) genotype
C) phenotype
D) dominant trait
E) recessive trait

Question 41

What aspect of meiosis best explains Mendel's law of independent assortment?

A) selective removal of genetic information to create haploid gametes
B) separation of homologous chromosomes during Meiosis I
C) random alignment of different bivalents during Meiosis I
D) transmission of genes together when they lie nearby on the same chromosome
E) separation of identical alleles during Meiosis II

Question 42

What aspect of meiosis best explains Mendel's law of segregation?

A) selective removal of genetic information to create haploid gametes
B) separation of homologous chromosomes during Meiosis I
C) random alignment of different bivalents during Meiosis I
D) transmission of genes together when they lie nearby on the same chromosome
E) separation of identical alleles during Meiosis II

Question 43

Mendel's law of independent assortment states that ________ randomly assort their ________ during the formation of haploid cells.

A) genes; alleles
B) alleles; versions
C) cells; mitochondria
D) genes; nucleotides

Question 44

In a certain family pedigree,you observe that 7 of a couple's 12 children display a disease trait.In the subsequent generation,some of the children of affected individuals have the disease,but none of the children of two unaffected parents do.You conclude that the disease is caused by a ________ allele.

A) recessive
B) dominant
C) redundant
D) wild-type

Question 45

Statistical analysis determines the ________ between observed data and what was expected from the original hypothesis.

A) testcross
B) degrees of freedom
C) P values
D) complete hypothesis
E) goodness of fit

Question 46

Choose all statements that constitute key tenets of the chromosome theory of inheritance.

A) Chromosomes are copies of the genetic material that are used to make proteins and are then destroyed.
B) Chromosomes contain the genetic material.
C) Chromosomes are contributed by the maternal parent only.
D) Chromosomes are replicated and transmitted during inheritance and during development.
E) Most cells are diploid, with two copies of each chromosome.

Question 47

Small,closed communities of people that intermarry within the group are likely to see a higher occurrence of disease from 

A) recessive alleles.
B) dominant alleles.
C) malnutrition.
D) environmental factors.

Question 48

The study of family trees in humans is called a ________ analysis.

A) pedigree
B) monohybrid
C) factorial
D) statistical
E) probability

Question 49

Which situation below would violate the law of independent assortment,as understood by Mendel?

A) A plant breeder is able to create a true-breeding line that combines the alleles for white flowers and wrinkled peas.
B) A mutant gene can prevent pod formation altogether, thus preventing expression of the round or wrinkled pea alleles.
C) A gene for petal color does not affect the expression of a gene for petal number.
D) A gene for leaf shape is linked to a gene for petal number nearby on the same chromosome, so their alleles usually segregate together.
E) Combining certain alleles of different genes results in a plant that grows poorly.