Question 1

A 65-year-old female comes into the clinic to be seen for urinary incontinence. What may this symptom indicate?&#10;A)It is part of the ageing process.&#10;B)It is a side effect of her medications.&#10;C)She has excessive urine production.&#10;D)Something else is going on and the person needs to be evaluated.

Accepted Answer

Urinary incontinence can indicate a variety of underlying issues such as weak pelvic muscles, urinary tract infections, neurological disorders, hormonal changes, and more. It is important to evaluate the individual to determine the cause and develop a treatment plan.

Question 2

A person with renal failure is demonstrating signs of an altered blood pH. Which of the following kidney functions aids in the maintenance of normal blood pH?&#10;A)Tubular secretion&#10;B)Osmotic pressure&#10;C)Glomerular permeability&#10;D)Tubular reabsorption

Accepted Answer

Tubular secretion is the kidney function that aids in maintaining normal blood pH. This is because the kidneys secrete hydrogen ions (H+) and reabsorb bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) in the renal tubules, thereby regulating blood pH balance. In renal failure, this function may be compromised, leading to an altered blood pH.

Question 3

An older adult female is demonstrating signs of bladder dysfunction. Which of the following are characteristics of age-related bladder changes? Select all that apply.&#10;A)Decreased blood flow&#10;B)Large amounts of residual urine&#10;C)Increased risk of glycosuria&#10;D)Increase in nocturia

Accepted Answer

Age-related bladder changes can lead to decreased bladder capacity and decreased muscle tone, which can result in large amounts of residual urine and an increase in nocturia. Decreased blood flow and an increased risk of glycosuria are less commonly associated with bladder dysfunction in older adults.

Question 4

A person is admitted with possible renal calculi. Which diagnostic test might this person undergo?&#10;A)Laboratory urinalysis&#10;B)24-hour urine collection&#10;C)Renal biopsy&#10;D)Intravenous pyelogram

Accepted Answer

Intravenous pyelogram is the most appropriate diagnostic test for the possible identification of renal calculi. It is a radiographic test that uses injected dye to assess the function of the urinary system, and is especially useful in locating urinary tract obstruction and detecting renal calculi.

Question 5

A person is admitted with an infection of the ureters. The nurse realises that this infection could not include which of the following structures of the kidney?&#10;A)Nephrons&#10;B)Medulla&#10;C)Renal column&#10;D)Pelvis

Accepted Answer

The ureters are tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder, and do not involve the internal structures of the kidneys. Therefore, the infection of the ureters would not include the pelvis or any of the internal structures of the kidney such as nephrons, medulla, or renal columns.

Question 6

A person is unable to provide a urine specimen for culture. Which of the following can be done to obtain this sterile specimen?&#10;A)Prepare to catheterise the person for the specimen.&#10;B)Suggest the person wait a few minutes and try again.&#10;C)Give the person a glass of cold water.&#10;D)Instruct the person to obtain the specimen first thing the next morning.

Accepted Answer

Catheterization is the most reliable way to obtain a sterile urine specimen when the person is unable to provide one on their own. It involves inserting a sterile tube (catheter) through the urethra into the bladder to collect the urine sample. Other options, such as waiting or drinking water, may not guarantee a sterile specimen. Waiting too long may result in bacterial growth in the urinary tract, while drinking water may dilute the urine and make it more difficult to detect any bacteria present. Instructing the person to obtain the specimen the next morning also poses the same risks as waiting. Therefore, catheterization is the safest and most effective option.

Question 7

A person is voiding large amounts of highly diluted urine. The nurse realises the dilution or concentration of urine is determined by which of the following?&#10;A)Quantity of potassium ion&#10;B)Action of aldosterone&#10;C)Patency of the ureters&#10;D)Presence of creatinine

Accepted Answer

The action of aldosterone plays a critical role in determining the concentration of urine. Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that regulates the reabsorption of sodium and water in the kidneys, which directly affects the concentration of urine. When aldosterone levels are high, more sodium and water are reabsorbed, leading to more concentrated urine. Conversely, when aldosterone levels are low, less sodium and water are reabsorbed, leading to more dilute urine.

Question 8

During the assessment of a person with multiple injuries, the nurse notices a large haematoma located at the left costovertebral angle. Which additional body system should this nurse assess?&#10;A)Cardiac&#10;B)Renal&#10;C)Respiratory&#10;D)Nervous

Accepted Answer

A haematoma located at the left costovertebral angle may indicate an injury to the kidney or renal system, thus the nurse should assess the renal system for any signs of damage or impairment.

Question 9

Upon a routine urinalysis, a person is found to have +3 ketones in the urine. Which of the following should be done following this finding?&#10;A)Suggest that the person be tested for diabetes mellitus.&#10;B)Schedule a renal CT scan.&#10;C)Schedule an intravenous pyelogram.&#10;D)Nothing. This is normal.

Accepted Answer

+3 ketones in the urine can indicate diabetic ketoacidosis, which is a complication of diabetes mellitus. Therefore, it is important to suggest testing for diabetes mellitus.

Question 10

A person is participating in rehabilitation for bladder retraining. Which of the following bladder layers houses the detrusor muscle?&#10;A)Fibrous outer layer&#10;B)Muscle layer&#10;C)Inner epithelial mucosa&#10;D)Connective tissue mucosa

Accepted Answer

The muscle layer houses the detrusor muscle, which is responsible for bladder contractions. The fibrous outer layer provides structural support, the inner epithelial mucosa lines the bladder, and the connective tissue mucosa connects the epithelial lining to the muscle layer.

Question 11

A person experienced a temporary reduction of oxygen. The nurse realises that this drop in oxygen level will have which impact on the person's renal functioning?&#10;A)Promote additional sodium excretion&#10;B)Produce large amounts of diluted urine&#10;C)Stimulate increased erythropoietin secretion&#10;D)Stimulate the reabsorption of calcium and phosphate

Accepted Answer

The answer of A person experienced a temporary reduction of...

Question 12

The nurse is studying the process of net filtration pressure within the kidney. Which of the following forces create net filtration pressure?&#10;A)Permeability of the filtration membrane&#10;B)Surface area for filtration&#10;C)Hydrostatic and osmotic pressure&#10;D)Glomerular filtration rate

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is studying the process of...

Question 13

The nurse is collecting a sample of a person's urine for composite analysis. Which of the following is the largest component of urine, by weight?&#10;A)Glucose&#10;B)Urea&#10;C)Sodium&#10;D)Magnesium

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is collecting a sample of...

Question 14

The nurse is able to percuss a dull tone over a person's bladder. What is this finding suggestive of?&#10;A)Bladder cancer&#10;B)Urinary retention&#10;C)A normal finding&#10;D)Ureteral blockage

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is able to percuss a...

Question 15

The nurse is preparing to catheterise a person after the person has just independently voided. What is the purpose of this catheterisation? To:&#10;A)check for the presence of kidney stones.&#10;B)evaluate for residual urine.&#10;C)serve as a urine output baseline.&#10;D)evaluate renal function.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is preparing to catheterise a...

Question 16

During the assessment of a person's renal system, the nurse is unable to palpate the kidneys. What is this finding indicative of?&#10;A)Normal functioning&#10;B)Acute renal disease&#10;C)Pyelonephritis&#10;D)Polycystic kidney disease

Accepted Answer

The answer of During the assessment of a person's renal...

Question 17

During the assessment of a person's urinary system, the nurse learns that the person has painful urination. How should this finding be documented? As:&#10;A)dysuria&#10;B)pyuria&#10;C)polyuria&#10;D)anuria

Accepted Answer

The answer of During the assessment of a person's urinary...

Question 18

After stating the need to 'go to the bathroom', a person voids 450 ml of urine. What is this person's urine output considered to be?&#10;A)Low&#10;B)Normal&#10;C)High&#10;D)Diluted

Accepted Answer

The answer of After stating the need to 'go to...

Question 19

While auscultating a person's renal arteries, the nurse hears a 'whooshing' sound. What might this finding be indicative of?&#10;A)Renal artery vasodilation&#10;B)Acute renal failure&#10;C)Renal artery stenosis&#10;D)End-stage renal failure

Accepted Answer

The answer of While auscultating a person's renal arteries, the...

Question 20

A person is experiencing a sudden decrease in systemic blood pressure. Which of the following will occur within the kidney to help control this blood pressure drop?&#10;A)Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)will increase.&#10;B)Juxtaglomerular cells will release renin.&#10;C)Renal arteries will dilate.&#10;D)Osmotic pressure will increase.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A person is experiencing a sudden decrease...

Question 21

A person is scheduled for a renal angiogram. Of the following, select the interventions that would be most appropriate to prepare this person for the diagnostic test. Select all that apply.&#10;A)Monitor urine output.&#10;B)Fast for 8 to 12 hours before the test.&#10;C)Take a laxative the night before.&#10;D)Place on a clear fluid diet.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A person is scheduled for a renal...

Question 22

While conducting the functional health pattern assessment, the nurse would like to assess the person's nutritional-metabolic status in relation to the renal system. Which of the following questions would provide the most information about this status?

A)'Do you have any difficulty urinating?'
B)'Do you ever have swelling in your ankles?'
C)'Do you get easily tired?'
D)'How often do you go to the toilet?'

Accepted Answer

The answer of While conducting the functional health pattern assessment,...

Deck 25: A Person-Centred Approach to Assessing the Renal System