Deck 17: Chemicals and the Neonate

Question 1

Marijuana use by a woman who is pregnant .

A)might possibly interfere with normal endocannabinoid function in the fetal brain
B)has been shown to have no effect on fetal endocannabinoid function
C)might possibly interfere with fetal cardiac development
D)has been shown to interfere with the development of the inner ear structures of the fetus

Answer 1

might possibly interfere with normal endocannabinoid function in the fetal brain

Question 2

The concentration of THC, the active ingredient in marijuana, is found to be times higher in the mother's breast milk than in the mother's blood level.

A)1.5
B)3
C)4.5
D)6

Answer 2

6

Question 3

It has been estimated that as many as of the women who give birth each year in the United States smoke cigarettes, and did so during pregnancy.

A)5.7%
B)28.6%
C)17.4%
D)41%

Answer 3

28.6%

Question 4

One reason why neonatal exposure to alcohol or the drugs of abuse in the first trimester is potentially dangerous is because _.

A)this is a time of organ differentiation and rapid growth of these immature organs, making them especially vulnerable to toxins in the fetal circulation
B)although the neonate's liver is fully developed, it is too small to cope with the doses of alcohol or illicit drugs used by an adult
C)the fetus' liver can biotransform these compounds faster than maternal circulation can accept them for transport to the kidneys, forcing them to back up in the fetal circulation
D)these compounds all increase maternal blood flow rates so much that the fetal circulation is overwhelmed and fetal blood pressure rises

Question 5

The concentration of narcotic analgesics such as methadone in breast milk is between , which suggests that breastfeeding during the first days following birth might help to relieve the distress of an infant going through opiate withdrawal.

A)1 and 3%
B)4 and 6%
C)8 and 12%
D)14 and 18%

Question 6

According to your text, meet diagnostic criteria for admission to a substance-use rehabilitation facility.

A)25% of all women
B)10% of all women of childbearing age
C)5% of women who are pregnant
D)85% of all women of childbearing age

Question 7

According to your text, what percentage of women consumed alcohol on a regular basis while pregnant?

A)1.5%
B)25%
C)10.8%
D)8.1%

Question 8

What percentage of pregnant women answered positively when asked if they had used alcohol in the past 30 days in a study cited by your text?

A)4.5%
B)5.1%
C)8.7%
D)7.6%

Question 9

Premature birth of maternal amphetamine use during pregnancy.

A)is a possible consequence
B)is usually seen in cases
C)is never seen in cases
D)is seen in about 50% of the cases

Question 10

The abuse of Salvia divinorum by a woman prior to and during pregnancy .

A)is not recommended
B)has been proven to have no effect on the fetus
C)has about the same impact on fetal growth and development as does the abuse of cocaine
D)is twice as dangerous to the fetus as the abuse of cocaine during pregnancy

Question 11

Inhalant misuse during pregnancy seems to be connected to which of the following outcomes?

A)Growth retardation in utero
B)Developmental abnormalities
C)Neurodevelopmental problems
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 12

The symptoms of early opiate withdrawal are .

A)so distinct from those of narcotics addiction/withdrawal that most physicians can tell the difference immediately
B)extremely similar to the symptoms of early pregnancy
C)usually very different for a pregnant woman addicted to narcotics than for a woman of the same age who is pregnant but not addicted to narcotics
D)more intense for the pregnant woman who is addicted to narcotics than for a woman of the same age who is pregnant but not addicted to narcotics

Question 13

According to your text, which of the following statements is true?

A)There is a relationship between maternal substance use, depression, and attempted suicide following birth.
B)Scientists have been able to clearly identify a specific pattern in children born to drug-abusing mothers.
C)Unless a child develops fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, children born to drug-abusing mothers are not at a higher risk developmentally than children born to non-drug-abusing mothers.
D)Most women of childbearing age with substance abuse disorders get the appropriate treatment needed.

Question 14

When a pregnant woman ingests alcohol, the blood alcohol level of the fetus will .

A)reach twice that of the mother's blood alcohol level within 30 minutes
B)reach approximately the same level as the mother's in 15 minutes
C)reach the same level as the mother's blood, but be biotransformed more rapidly by the fetus' liver and then eliminated from the fetal circulation
D)only reach 15% of the maternal blood level

Question 15

The effects of toxins on a fetus, especially during the first trimester, are .

A)insignificant
B)only concerning if the mother has a substance addiction
C)magnified
D)only concerning if more than one drug is ingested

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT one of the consequences of prenatal exposure to amphetamines?

A)Higher levels of emotional reactivity at ages 3 and 5
B)Facial abnormalities
C)Increased risk of being small for gestational age
D)Congenital brain lesions

Question 17

Which is the most accurate statement regarding the use of amphetamines during pregnancy?

A)Most suggests that these compounds result in a baby that will be addicted to amphetamines following birth.
B)The majority indicates that these compounds make the concurrent use of opioids by the mother less likely.
C)There is surprisingly little research on this topic in the clinical literature.
D)It primarily suggests that the long-term effects for the fetus are about the same as maternal opioid addiction during pregnancy.

Question 18

It is difficult to identify the effects of maternal cocaine misuse on pregnancy because .

A)the last wave of cocaine abuse peaked in the late 1990s, leaving little motivation for foundations to fund research in this area
B)most pregnant cocaine misusers also abuse other compounds known to affect fetal growth and development
C)the infants tend to suffer from sleep apnea following birth, which alters cognitive function
D)the close association between maternal cocaine misuse and sudden infant death syndrome makes it impossible to conduct such research

Question 19

Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy is thought to account for .

A)90% of the problem of low birth weight in the United States
B)35% of the problem of perinatal death each year in the United States
C)15% of the problem of maternal malnutrition during pregnancy in the United States
D)5% of the problem of perinatal death each year in the United States

Question 20

A danger of disulfiram use during pregnancy is that it might .

A)result in higher levels of lead in the fetal circulation, resulting in hepatotoxicity
B)result in higher levels of lead in the fetal circulation, resulting in disrupted neurological growth
C)result in higher levels of ganglioside inhibition in the brain
D)have no effect at all, as the lead in the maternal circulation is unable to cross the placental barrier

Question 21

The authors do not recommend nicotine replacement therapy as a way to help pregnant smokers quit.

Question 22

Alcohol does not pass into a mother's breast milk.

Question 23

Discuss the potential problems associated with cocaine use during pregnancy, noting the number of infants who were exposed to cocaine in utero each year.

Question 24

Aspirin use during pregnancy is safe, because aspirin cannot cross the placenta.

Question 25

Discuss some of the general issues involving pregnancy and drug/alcohol use.

Question 26

Discuss the possible effects of smoking during pregnancy.

Question 27

Early in pregnancy, nicotine, alcohol, marijuana, opiates, cocaine, and methamphetamines have all been found to have teratogenic effects.

Question 28

Distinguish between fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)/fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcohol effects (FAE)

Question 29

What are the effects associated with marijuana use during pregnancy?

Question 30

Preliminary research suggests that the use of MDMA during pregnancy is associated with impaired coordination and motor skills at 4 months and 1 year of age.