Deck 27: Female Genitourinary System

Question 1

The nurse is reviewing the changes that occur with menopause.Which changes are associated with menopause?

A)Uterine and ovarian atrophy, along with a thinning of the vaginal epithelium
B)Ovarian atrophy, increased vaginal secretions, and increasing clitoral size
C)Cervical hypertrophy, ovarian atrophy, and increased acidity of vaginal secretions
D)Vaginal mucosal fragility, increased acidity of vaginal secretions, and uterine hypertrophy

Answer 1

Uterine and ovarian atrophy, along with a thinning of the vaginal epithelium

Question 2

The uterus is usually positioned tilting forward and superior to the bladder.This position is known as:

A)Anteverted and anteflexed
B)Retroverted and anteflexed
C)Retroverted and retroflexed
D)Superiorverted and anteflexed

Answer 2

Anteverted and anteflexed

Question 3

An 11-year-old girl is in the clinic for her annual checkup.The nurse notices that she has begun to develop breasts, and during the conversation, the girl reveals that she is worried about her development.The nurse should use which of these techniques to best assist the young girl in understanding the expected sequence for development? The nurse should:

A)Use Tanner's scale on the five stages of sexual development
B)Describe her development and compare it with that of other girls her age
C)Use Jacobsen's table on expected development on the basis of height and weight data
D)Reassure her that her development is within normal limits and tell her not to worry about the next step

Answer 3

Use Tanner's scale on the five stages of sexual development

Question 4

A woman is in the clinic for an annual gynecological examination.The nurse should plan to begin the interview with the:

A)Menstrual history, because it is generally nonthreatening
B)Obstetric history, because it includes the most important information
C)Urinary system history, because problems may develop in this area as well
D)Sexual history, because discussing it first will build rapport

Question 5

A woman who is 8 weeks pregnant is in the clinic for a checkup.The nurse reads on her chart that her cervix is softened and looks cyanotic.The nurse knows that the woman is exhibiting __________ sign and __________ sign.

A)Tanner's; Hegar's
B)Hegar's; Goodell's
C)Chadwick's; Hegar's
D)Goodell's; Chadwick's

Question 6

A 22-year-old woman has been considering using oral contraceptives.As a part of her health history, the nurse should ask:

A)"Do you have a history of heart murmurs?"
B)"Are you going to be in a monogamous relationship?"
C)"Have you carefully thought this choice through?"
D)"If you smoke, how many cigarettes do you smoke per day?"

Question 7

A 52-year-old patient states that when she sneezes or coughs she "wets herself a little." She is very concerned that something may be wrong with her.The nurse suspects that the problem is:

A)Dysuria
B)Stress incontinence
C)Hematuria
D)Urge incontinence

Question 8

When obtaining a sample for a Papanicolaou ("Pap") test from a 60-year-old postmenopausal female patient, the nurse recognizes that the cervix is smaller and paler in response to:

A)Progesterone changes
B)Fibroid formations
C)Decreasing estrogen levels
D)Increasing vaginal secretions

Question 9

A 50-year-old woman calls the clinic because she has noticed some changes in her body and breasts and wonders if these changes could be attributable to the hormone replacement therapy (HRT) she had started 3 months earlier.The nurse should tell her:

A)"HRT is at such a low dose that side effects are very unusual."
B)"HRT has several side effects, including fluid retention, breast tenderness, and vaginal bleeding."
C)"Vaginal bleeding with HRT is very unusual; I suggest you come into the clinic immediately to have this evaluated."
D)"It sounds as if your dose of estrogen is too high; I think you may need to decrease the amount you are taking and then call back in a week."

Question 10

During a speculum inspection of the vagina of a 25-year-old female who has never been pregnant, what would the nurse expect to see at the end of the vaginal canal?

A)Cervix with a smooth, small os
B)Pear-shaped uterus
C)Oval-shaped ovaries
D)Cervix with an irregular, enlarged os

Question 11

A woman states that 2 weeks ago she had a urinary tract infection that was treated with an antibiotic.As a part of the interview, the nurse should ask, "Have you noticed any ..."

A)"Changes in your urination patterns?"
B)"Excessive vaginal bleeding?"
C)"Unusual vaginal discharge or itching?"
D)"Changes in your desire for intercourse?"

Question 12

A 54-year-old woman who has just completed menopause is in the clinic today for her yearly physical examination.Which of these statements should the nurse include in patient education? A postmenopausal woman:

A)"Is not at any greater risk for heart disease than a younger woman."
B)"Should be aware that she is at increased risk for dyspareunia because of decreased vaginal secretions."
C)"Has only stopped menstruating; there really are no other significant changes with which she should be concerned."
D)"Is likely to have difficulty with sexual pleasure as a result of drastic changes in the female sexual response cycle."

Question 13

A nurse is assessing a patient's risk for contracting an STI.An appropriate question to ask would be:

A)"You know that it's important to use condoms for protection, right?"
B)"Do you use a condom during each instance of sexual intercourse?"
C)"Do you have an STI?"
D)"You are aware of the dangers of unprotected sex, aren't you?"

Question 14

A married couple has come to the clinic seeking advice on pregnancy.They have been trying to conceive for 4 months and have not been successful.What should the nurse do first?

A)Ascertain whether either of them has been using broad-spectrum antibiotics
B)Explain that couples are considered infertile after 1 year of unprotected intercourse
C)Immediately refer the woman to an expert in pelvic inflammatory disease-the most common cause of infertility
D)Explain that couples are considered infertile after 3 months of engaging in unprotected intercourse and that they will need a referral to a fertility expert

Question 15

During a health history interview, a 22-year old woman asks, "Can I get that vaccine for human papilloma virus (HPV)? I have genital warts and I'd like them to go away!" What is the nurse's best response?

A)"The HPV vaccine is for girls and women ages 9 to 26 years, so we can start that today."
B)"This vaccine is only for girls who have not yet started to be sexually active."
C)"Let's check with the physician to see if you are a candidate for this vaccine."
D)"The vaccine cannot protect you if you already have an HPV infection."

Question 16

A patient has had three pregnancies and two live births.The nurse would record this information as grav __________, para __________, A __________.

A)2; 2; 1
B)3; 2; 0
C)3; 2; 1
D)3; 3; 1

Question 17

During the interview with a female patient, the data gathered by the nurse indicate that the patient is perimenopausal.Which of these statements made by this patient leads to this conclusion?

A)"I have noticed that my muscles ache at night when I go to bed."
B)"I will be very happy when I can stop worrying about having a period."
C)"I have been noticing that I sweat a lot more than I used to, especially at night."
D)"I have only been pregnant twice, but both times I had breast tenderness as my first symptom."

Question 18

During the interview, a patient reveals that she has some vaginal discharge.She is worried that it may be a sexually transmitted infection (STI).The nurse's most appropriate response to this would be:

A)"Oh, don't worry.Some cyclical vaginal discharge is normal."
B)"Have you been engaging in unprotected sexual intercourse?"
C)"Can you tell me a little more about the discharge.What colour is it?"
D)"Have you had any urinary incontinence associated with the discharge?"

Question 19

Which statement would be most appropriate when the nurse is introducing the topic of sexual relationships during an interview?

A)"Now, it is time to talk about your sexual history.When did you first have intercourse?"
B)"Women often feel dissatisfied with their sexual relationships.Would it be okay to discuss this now?"
C)"Women often have questions about their sexual relationship and how it affects their health.Do you have any questions?"
D)"Most women your age have had more than one sexual partner.How many would you say you have had?"

Question 20

During an examination, the nurse observes a female patient's vestibule and expects to see the:

A)Urethral meatus and vaginal orifice
B)Vaginal orifice and vestibular (Bartholin's) glands
C)Urethral meatus and paraurethral (Skene's) glands
D)Paraurethral (Skene's) and vestibular (Bartholin's) glands

Question 21

The nurse is preparing to examine the external genitalia of a school-age girl.Which position would be most appropriate in this situation?

A)In the parent's lap
B)In a frog-leg position on the examining table
C)In the lithotomy position with the feet in stirrups
D)Lying flat on the examining table with legs extended

Question 22

A patient calls the clinic for instructions before undergoing a Pap test.The most appropriate instructions from the nurse are:

A)"If you are menstruating, please use pads to avoid anything being placed into the vagina."
B)"Avoid intercourse, inserting anything into the vagina, or douching within 24 hours of your appointment."
C)"If you suspect that you have a vaginal infection, please gather a sample of the discharge to bring with you."
D)"We would like you to use a mild saline douche before your examination.You may pick this up in our office."

Question 23

The advanced practice nurse is preparing for an examination of the internal genitalia of a woman.Which order of the examination is correct?

A)Bimanual, speculum, and rectovaginal
B)Speculum, rectovaginal, and bimanual
C)Speculum, bimanual, and rectovaginal
D)Rectovaginal, bimanual, and speculum

Question 24

The advance practice nurse is palpating a female patient's adnexa.The findings include a firm, smooth uterine wall; and the ovaries are palpable and feel smooth and firm.The fallopian tube is firm and pulsating.The nurse's most appropriate course of action would be to:

A)Tell the patient that her examination is normal
B)Give her an immediate referral to a gynecologist
C)Suggest that she return in a month for a recheck to verify the findings
D)Tell the patient that she may have an ovarian cyst that should be evaluated further

Question 25

When the nurse is interviewing a preadolescent girl, which opening question would be least threatening?

A)"Do you have any questions about growing up?"
B)"What has your mother told you about growing up?"
C)"When did you notice that your body was changing?"
D)"I remember being very scared when I got my first period.How do you think you'll feel?"

Question 26

When performing the bimanual examination, the advance practice nurse notices that the cervix feels smooth and firm, is round, and is fixed in place.When cervical palpation is performed, the patient complains of some pain.The nurse's interpretation of these results should be which of these?

A)These findings are all within normal limits.
B)Cervical consistency should be soft and velvety, not firm.
C)The cervix should move when palpated; an immobile cervix may indicate malignancy.
D)Pain may occur during palpation of the cervix.

Question 27

The nurse is examining a 35-year-old female patient.During the health history, the nurse learns that she has had two term pregnancies and that both times the babies were delivered vaginally.During the internal examination, the nurse observes that the cervical os is a horizontal slit with some healed lacerations and that the cervix has some nabothian cysts that are small, smooth, and yellow.In addition, the nurse notices that the cervical surface is granular and red, especially around the os.Finally, the nurse notices the presence of stringy, opaque, odourless secretions.Which of these findings are abnormal?

A)Nabothian cysts are present.
B)The cervical os is a horizontal slit.
C)The cervical surface is granular and red.
D)Stringy and opaque secretions are present.

Question 28

A 35-year-old transgender woman is in the office for routine gynecological care.She had a vaginoplasty 12 months ago.Which of the following does the nurse know to be true regarding this visit?

A)Her cervical mucosa will be red and dry looking.
B)The patient should have a Pap test every 2 years.
C)The nurse will adhere to the cervical screening guidelines for women.
D)The nurse knows that cervical screening is not appropriate.

Question 29

The nurse is preparing to interview a postmenopausal woman.Which of these statements is true as it applies to obtaining the health history of a postmenopausal woman?

A)The nurse should ask a postmenopausal woman if she has ever had vaginal bleeding.
B)Once a woman reaches menopause, the nurse does not need to ask any history questions.
C)The nurse should screen for monthly breast tenderness.
D)Postmenopausal women are not at risk for contracting STIs; therefore these questions can be omitted.

Question 30

An 18-year-old patient is having her first pelvic examination.Which action by the nurse is appropriate?

A)Inviting her mother to be present during the examination
B)Avoiding the lithotomy position for this first time because it can be uncomfortable and embarrassing
C)Raising the head of the examination table and giving her a mirror so that she can view the examination
D)Fully draping her, leaving the drape between her legs elevated to avoid embarrassing her with eye contact

Question 31

During an examination, which tests will the nurse collect to screen for cervical cancer?

A)Endocervical specimen, cervical scrape, and vaginal pool
B)Endocervical specimen, vaginal pool, and acetic acid wash
C)Endocervical specimen, potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation, and acetic acid wash
D)Cervical scrape, acetic acid wash, saline mount ("wet prep")

Question 32

During the examination portion of a patient's visit, she will be in the lithotomy position.Which of the following reflects some things that the nurse can do to make this position more comfortable for the patient?

A)Asking her to place her hands and arms over her head
B)Elevating her head and shoulders to maintain eye contact
C)Allowing her to choose to have her feet in the stirrups or have them resting side by side on the edge of the table
D)Allowing her to keep her buttocks approximately 6 inches from the edge of the table to prevent her from feeling as if she will fall off

Question 33

The nurse has just completed an inspection of a nulliparous woman's external genitalia.Which of these would be a description of a finding within normal limits?

A)Redness of the labia majora
B)Multiple nontender sebaceous cysts
C)Discharge that is foul smelling and irritating
D)Gaping and slightly shrivelled labia majora

Question 34

When performing an external genitalia examination of a 10-year-old girl, the nurse notices that there is no pubic hair and the mons and the labia are covered with fine vellus hair.These findings are consistent with stage __________ of sexual maturity, according to the Sexual Maturity Rating scale.

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 35

When assessing a newborn infant's genitalia, the nurse notices that the genitalia appear swollen with fluid.The labia majora are swollen, the clitoris looks large, and the hymen is thick.The vaginal opening is difficult to visualize.The infant's mother states that she is worried about the labia being swollen.The nurse should reply:

A)"This is a normal finding in newborns and should resolve within a few weeks."
B)"This finding could indicate an abnormality and may need to be evaluated by a physician."
C)"We will need to have estrogen levels evaluated to ensure that they are within normal limits."
D)"We will need to keep close watch over the next few days to see if the swelling decreases in size."

Question 36

A 46-year-old woman is in the clinic for her annual gynecological examination.She voices her concern about ovarian cancer because her mother and sister had died as a result of it.Which statement regarding ovarian cancer does the nurse know to be correct?

A)Ovarian cancer rarely has any symptoms.
B)The Pap test detects the presence of ovarian cancer.
C)Women at high risk for ovarian cancer should undergo screening with annual transvaginal ultrasonography.
D)Women over age 40 years should have a thorough pelvic examination every 3 years.

Question 37

A 22-year-old woman is being seen at the clinic for problems with vulvar pain, dysuria, and fever.On physical examination, the nurse notices clusters of small, shallow vesicles with surrounding erythema on the labia.Inguinal lymphadenopathy present is also present.The most likely cause of these lesions is:

A)Pediculosis pubis
B)Contact dermatitis
C)HPV infection
D)Herpes simplex virus type 2 infection

Question 38

When the nurse is discussing sexuality and sexual issues with an adolescent, a permission statement helps convey that it is normal to think or feel a certain way.Which statement is the best example of a permission statement?

A)"It is okay that you have become sexually active."
B)"Girls your age often have questions about sexual activity.Do you have any questions?"
C)"If it is okay with you, I'd like to ask you some questions about your sexual history."
D)"Girls your age often engage in sexual activities.It is okay to tell me if you have had intercourse."

Question 39

During an internal examination of a woman's genitalia, the advanced practice nurse will use which technique for proper insertion of the speculum?

A)The woman is instructed to bear down, and the speculum blades are opened and applied in a swift, upward movement.
B)The blades of the speculum are inserted on a horizontal plane, turning them to a 30-degree angle while continuing to insert them.The woman is asked to bear down after the speculum is inserted.
C)The woman is instructed to bear down, the width of the blades is horizontally turned, and the speculum is inserted downward at a 45-degree angle toward the small of the woman's back.
D)The blades are locked open by turning the thumbscrew.Once the blades are open, pressure is applied to the introitus, and the blades are inserted downward at a 45-degree angle to bring the cervix into view.

Question 40

During a vaginal examination of a 38-year-old woman, the nurse notices that the vulva and vagina are erythematous and edematous, with thick, white, curdlike discharge adhering to the vaginal walls.The woman reports intense pruritus and thick white discharge from her vagina.The nurse knows that these history and physical examination findings are most consistent with which condition?

A)Candidiasis
B)Trichomoniasis
C)Atrophic vaginitis
D)Bacterial vaginosis

Question 41

A woman has just been diagnosed with HPV infection, or genital warts.The nurse should counsel her to receive regular examinations because this virus places her at a higher risk for __________ cancer.

A)Uterine
B)Cervical
C)Ovarian
D)Endometrial

Question 42

During examination of the external genitalia of a woman, the nurse notices several lesions around the vulva.The lesions are pink, moist, soft, and pointed papules.The patient states that she is not aware of any problems in that area.The nurse recognizes that these lesions may be:

A)Syphilitic chancre
B)Herpes simplex virus type 2 (herpes genitalis) lesions
C)HPV or genital warts
D)Pediculosis pubis (crab lice)

Question 43

A 25-year-old woman comes to the emergency department with a sudden fever of 38.3°C and abdominal pain.During the examination, the nurse notices that the patient has rigid, boardlike lower abdominal musculature.When the nurse tries to perform a vaginal examination, the patient experiences severe pain when the uterus and cervix are moved.The nurse knows that these signs and symptoms are suggestive of:

A)Endometriosis
B)Uterine fibroids
C)Ectopic pregnancy
D)Pelvic inflammatory disease

Question 44

During an internal examination, the nurse notices that the cervix bulges outside the introitus when the patient is asked to strain.The nurse will document this as:

A)Uterine prolapse, graded first degree
B)Uterine prolapse, graded second degree
C)Uterine prolapse, graded third degree
D)A normal finding

Question 45

The advance practice nurse is palpating an ovarian mass during an internal examination of a 63-year-old woman.Which findings of the mass's characteristics would suggest the presence of an ovarian cyst? (Select all that apply.)

A)Heavy and solid
B)Mobile and fluctuant
C)Mobile and solid
D)Fixed
E)Smooth and round
F)Poorly defined

Question 46

During the examination of a woman who has never had children, the nurse would expect the cervical os to appear:

A)Stellate
B)Small and round
C)As a horizontal irregular slit
D)Everted

Question 47

During bimanual examination, the advance practice nurse detects a solid tumour on the ovary, which is heavy and fixed and has a poorly defined mass.This finding is suggestive of:

A)Ovarian cyst
B)Endometriosis
C)Ovarian cancer
D)Ectopic pregnancy

Question 48

A 35-year-old woman is at the clinic for a gynecological examination.During the examination, she asks the nurse, "How often do I need to have this Pap test done?" Which reply by the nurse is correct?

A)"It depends.Do you smoke?"
B)"A Pap test needs to be performed annually until you are 65 years of age."
C)"If you have two consecutive normal Pap tests, then you can wait 5 years between tests."
D)"Between 25 to 69 years, screening every 3 years is recommended."