Deck 8: China

Question 1

China's two most important river systems are the:

A)Sui and Tang.
B)Yellow and Yangtze.
C)Boxue and Miansu.
D)Plum and Terapin.
E)Meng and Xiang.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The Chinese political organization that vied with the Chinese Communist Party for control of China during the first half of the twentieth century was the:

A)Democratic League.
B)Beijing Alliance.
C)Nationalist Party.
D)Triad Society.
E)Chinese Liberation Party.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following represents a core component of Confucianism?

A)equality of wealth
B)elevation of the people's will
C)meritocracy
D)elimination of hierarchy
E)democracy

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In which of the following ways are the internal workings of the Chinese Communist Party similar to those of governments of advanced democracies?

A)Term limits are imposed on top leaders.
B)Party membership is formally required for ascension to top posts.
C)The party faces serious political opposition from several other popular parties.
D)The party has ceased to harass or detain members of public groups that it sees as a threat.
E)Top party leaders are subject to election by popular vote restricted to party members.

Question 5

Which of the following factors has exacerbated China's serious environmental problems?

A)the absence of post-materialist values in China
B)the absence of a Chinese middle class
C)use of a Western-liberal capitalist development model
D)devolving industrial decision-making authority to local officials
E)rejection of foreign investment from other industrial powers

Question 6

The Chinese Communists' disastrous attempt in the late 1950s to depart from the Soviet model by rapidly establishing locally directed communes was known as:

A)the Cultural Revolution.
B)the Hundred Flowers Campaign.
C)reform and opening.
D)the Great Leap Forward.
E)the household responsibility system.

Question 7

How does the National Party Congress's role in policymaking compare to the policymaking role of the Politburo Standing Committee (PSC)?

A)The PSC has near total control over national policymaking; the National Party Congress does little more than ratify policies already decided upon, though it does allow for some expression of dissenting opinions.
B)The PSC has full policymaking control over matters of national security and economy, but the National Party Congress is granted legislative (and thus policy) power over most other aspects of national policy.
C)The PSC is largely a rubber stamp for legislation generated by the National Party Congress.
D)The PSC and the National Party Congress are strongly symbiotic, with leaders of each body meeting privately to negotiate over any major policy change that will strongly affect the country.
E)Neither the PSC nor the National Party Congress exerts much control over policymaking, but the National Party Congress does at least generate legislation that becomes a part of the national debate.

Question 8

The Chinese leader primarily responsible for initiating China's post-Mao program of reform and opening was:

A)Hu Jintao.
B)Jiang Zemin.
C)Deng Xiaoping.
D)Wen Jiabao.
E)Xi Jinping.

Question 9

Mao's late-1960s political campaign in which student radicals attacked authority figures such as party-state officials and intellectuals was the:

A)Cultural Revolution.
B)Hundred Flowers Campaign.
C)Long March.
D)Great Leap Forward.
E)Red Revolt.

Question 10

Mao and the Chinese Communist Party's circuitous 1930s retreat westward into China's hinterland was known as the:

A)Long March.
B)Great Escape.
C)Prelude to Victory.
D)Ten Thousand Li Struggle.
E)Heroic Retreat.

Question 11

Which of the following could be considered a component of the "Beijing consensus"?

A)instituting and enforcing the "one child" policy
B)granting massive credit to state-owned enterprises through state banks
C)allowing small villages to engage in open voting for their regional leadership
D)closing down the special economic zones created by Deng Xiaoping
E)ending support for domestic enterprises so that foreign investment can flourish

Question 12

China's legislature is known as the:

A)Socialist People's Parliament.
B)Red House.
C)Plenary Hall.
D)House of the People.
E)National People's Congress.

Question 13

The Red Guard was comprised of:

A)the initial leaders of the Chinese Revolution in 1949.
B)the Chinese military.
C)Maoist student radicals.
D)the founders of the Chinese Communist Party in the 1920s.
E)the Soviet faction of the Chinese Communist Party in the 1950s.

Question 14

Deng Xiaoping introduced the "household responsibility system," which referred to:

A)privatizing farming.
B)imposing a strict birth control policy.
C)expanding the welfare state.
D)privatizing urban housing.
E)expanding urban housing.

Question 15

Falun Gong refers to:

A)the overseas Chinese community.
B)China's controversial one-child policy.
C)China's recent construction boom.
D)wealthy private entrepreneurs.
E)a government-banned Chinese meditation sect.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the purpose of the "Three Represents" policy?

A)harmonizing the diplomatic relations of Hong Kong, Taiwan, and China
B)co-optation of wealthy entrepreneurs into the Chinese Communist Party
C)expanding civil society by funneling state money into private or nonprofit organizations not affiliated with the Communist Party
D)broadening the scope of the special economic zones to include major industrial centers like Beijing
E)extending rudimentary civil rights and voting opportunities to ethnic minorities like Tibetans, Mongolians, and Uighurs

Question 17

China's "floating population" refers to:

A)the huge number of overseas Chinese.
B)rural itinerant workers seeking greater prosperity in cities.
C)Chinese flooded out by the Three Gorges Dam.
D)China's recent population explosion.
E)large numbers of ethnic Japanese who represent a new trend in immigration.

Question 18

Mao's 1950s short-lived encouragement of public criticism and dissent was the:

A)Cultural Revolution.
B)Hundred Flowers Campaign.
C)Long March.
D)Great Leap Forward.
E)Great Awakening.

Question 19

Who were most targeted by the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution?

A)disloyal Communist Party leaders
B)the working poor
C)those with the most economic and professional expertise
D)student revolutionaries
E)members of workers' communes

Question 20

What is the relationship between the National People's Congress (NPC) and the daily executive government of China?

A)The NPC chooses the premier of the State Council, who will largely guide its policy, with a majority vote.
B)The NPC approves the major executive decisions of the State Council with a majority vote.
C)The NPC formally appoints members of the State Council, which runs the daily executive work of the Chinese government.
D)The NPC has no relationship to any of the executive organs of the Chinese state.
E)The NPC serves as the core policy organ of the Central Committee of the CCP, which develops and implements all executive policy.

Question 21

Which of the following statements about the provinces of Xinjiang and Tibet is accurate?

A)The Chinese government has made major investments in transport and communication infrastructure improvement in these regions.
B)Chinese leaders have periodically engaged in negotiations for independence in these provinces but have never granted it, even for provisional periods.
C)Persistently harsh repression has been largely successful in quelling ethnic protest in the regions.
D)The Uighur minority in Tibet has been the most willing to use violence in seeking Tibetan independence.
E)What little independence is to be had in these regions stems in large part from the Chinese government's continued disinterest in their strategic value or natural resources.

Question 22

Discuss the relationship between the Chinese state and the Chinese Communist Party. Can they be separated and assessed as separate institutions? Will it be possible for the state to continue without the CCP?

Question 23

Which of the following statements about China's political culture is accurate?

A)Communist control of Chinese political culture remains evident in the inability of China's rural poor to organize any serious attempts at protest and dissent.
B)Despite communist leadership attempts to restrict nationalist sentiment, nationalism remains a cornerstone of Chinese political culture.
C)The large degree with which the Chinese people have accepted CCP leadership suggests that Maoism has had a deep and lasting impact on Chinese political culture.
D)Chinese leaders today promote Confucian values as a means of increasing governmental legitimacy, even though Mao opposed Confucianism.
E)Chinese paternalism has weakened substantially in recent decades as women have regularly accepted top CCP leadership posts.

Question 24

How has the current Xi Jinping government addressed the problem of corruption in China?

A)His government has targeted only the business leaders that are not associated with the CCP.
B)His government has targeted both high- and low-ranking officials and arrested huge numbers.
C)His government has denied the existence of corruption in government or business.
D)His government has targeted only those officials and business leaders with deep ties to the West.
E)His government has sought to use corruption reform as a cloak with which to punish Tibetan leaders only.

Question 25

The iron rice bowl refers to:

A)the strong role of the army in Chinese politics.
B)China's restrictions against private agriculture.
C)China's continuing reliance on heavy industry over consumer goods.
D)China's welfare system, which includes lifetime health care, work, and retirement security.
E)the agricultural component to the Great Leap Forward.

Question 26

How has China managed to pursue more than three decades of progressing economic freedom while continuing to restrict political freedoms? Can this policy of economic liberalism and political authoritarianism continue? Why or why not?

Question 27

Briefly discuss China's separatist challenges in both Tibet and Xinjiang. How might China's experiences with Hong Kong and Taiwan have influenced its policies toward these two regions?

Question 28

Why does the process of political succession pose such a challenge to the dominance of the CCP? How have leaders sought to deal with the issue of political succession in China?

Question 29

What did Mao intend to accomplish with the Great Leap Forward, and what was its actual result? How did Mao respond to the results of the Great Leap Forward?

Question 30

Coastal capitalist enclaves established during the late 1970s as part of reform and opening were known as:

A)trade towns.
B)duty-free districts.
C)special economic zones.
D)kaifa.
E)entrepôts.