Deck 13: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Which was a finding of the Terman and Oden (1974)study of gifted children?

A)They were socially well adjusted.
B)They were more resistant to mental illness.
C)They were much more likely to be female.
D)They were above average in weight,height,and physical attractiveness.

Answer 1

They were socially well adjusted.

Question 2

Who would be most likely to assume that psychological disorders are caused by an imbalance in the fluids of the body?

A)an ancient Egyptian physician
B)a modern psychiatrist
C)an ancient Greek physician
D)a physician of the Middle Ages

Answer 2

an ancient Greek physician

Question 3

Which model of abnormality explains abnormal behaviour as caused by illogical thinking?

A)psychoanalytic
B)cognitive
C)behavioural
D)biological

Answer 3

cognitive

Question 4

The research of Dr.Ellen Bialystok of York University in Toronto provides evidence to support the benefits gained from Canada's:

A)universal health care policies.
B)two official languages policy.
C)lenient marijuana laws.
D)same-sex marriage policies.

Question 5

In Japan,the disorder called __________ centres on a fear of doing something embarrassing or socially inappropriate.

A)koro
B)taijin-kyofu-sho
C)susto
D)amok

Question 6

Randall believes that aliens crashed in Western Canada in the 1950s.When looking for information about this on the internet,he ignores any sites that are skeptical of his belief and only visits and talks with his friends about the sites that support his belief.This is an example of:

A)mental set.
B)confirmation bias.
C)functional fixedness.
D)divergent thinking.

Question 7

The three most common biological causes of intellectual disability are Down Syndrome,fetal alcohol syndrome,and:

A)autism.
B)fragile X syndrome.
C)failure to thrive.
D)lead poisoning.

Question 8

What are mental categories representing activities,objects,qualities,or situations that share some common characteristics?

A)classes
B)concepts
C)attributes
D)images

Question 9

The ability to understand the world,think rationally and use resources effectively when faced with challenges or problems is the psychologist's working definition of:

A)divergent thinking.
B)creative thinking.
C)logic.
D)intelligence.

Question 10

What term do the Inuit of Arctic Canada use to describe episodes of extreme irrational or violent excitement?

A)arctic hysteria
B)koro
C)pibloktoq
D)both a and c

Question 11

The tendency to perceive and approach problems in the same ways that have worked in the past is called:

A)mental set.
B)"rule of thumb" heuristic.
C)functional fixedness.
D)convergent thinking.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT likely to occur in people with social phobia?

A)feeling that they are not as good as others
B)feeling that they have enhanced social skills
C)worrying about their appearance
D)making eye contact

Question 13

An irrational fear of blood would be a:

A)social phobia.
B)specific phobia.
C)type of agoraphobia.
D)type of acrophobia.

Question 14

Which of the following is not a correct match?

A)Axis V-Global Assessment of Functioning
B)Axis I-Personality Disorders
C)Axis III-General Medical Conditions
D)Axis IV-Psychosocial and Environmental Problems

Question 15

What percentage of Canadians are likely to suffer from a mental disorder this year?

A)10 percent
B)15 percent
C)20 percent
D)25 percent

Question 16

Researchers have found that ________________ influenced by culture.

A)neither language nor thought is
B)language,but not thought,is
C)thought,but not language,is
D)both language and thought are

Question 17

Alfred Binet was originally asked to design an intelligence test that would:

A)compare mental age and chronological age.
B)have different questions and measurements for people of different ages.
C)help identify children who were unable to learn as quickly or as well as others.
D)measure different kinds or types of intelligence.

Question 18

Elliot is attracted to his beautiful cousin,Ginny,but knows that she is too closely related to him.He believes he has successfully overcome this forbidden attraction but still finds that every time Ginny is near him he is overwhelmed with feelings of anxiety and feels the need to wash his hands.Which model of abnormality would most likely explain Elliot's behaviour?

A)psychoanalytic
B)cognitive
C)behavioural
D)biological

Question 19

Lisa has started having feelings of fearfulness about going to school.She has begun to suffer from headaches and stomachaches and has missed several days of school already.Lisa's condition is abnormal from the __________ definition.

A)statistical
B)situational context
C)social deviance
D)subjective discomfort

Question 20

Word order,word meanings,and the rules for practical communication with others are three of the common characteristics of ____________ all over the world.

A)grammar
B)syntax
C)language
D)pragmatics

Question 21

Carlo wakes up in a strange motel room.He doesn't know where he is or how he got there,and he's not sure what day it is.This is most likely an episode of dissociative:

A)amnesia.
B)fugue.
C)identity disorder.
D)multiple personality.

Question 22

Charles believed that a famous song by a popular musical group carried a special,secret message meant only for him.This would be an example of a delusion of:

A)persecution.
B)reference.
C)influence.
D)grandeur.

Question 23

Who is least likely to believe that his or her obsessions are groundless and excessive?

A)Paul,a 30-year-old nurse
B)Jill,a 28-year-old nurse
C)Billy,a 10-year-old soccer player
D)Mary-Anne,a 65-year-old retiree

Question 24

Vicki was always coming up with grand plans for making money,none of which lasted very long before she abandoned them.The latest scheme is to buy a huge tract of land and build an expensive dude ranch where people can come to learn how to train their horses,eat at a four-star restaurant,and stay in luxury accommodations-all this in spite of the fact that Vicki and her husband don't have the money to buy the land,the knowledge of how to run a hotel,or a four-star chef handy.Vicki may have:

A)dysthymia.
B)cyclothymia.
C)major depression.
D)bipolar disorder.

Question 25

Which one is not a real physical disorder?

A)psychosomatic disorder
B)psychophysiological disorder
C)somatoform disorder
D)adaptation disorder

Question 26

Jennifer worries that someone might come into her house at night while she is sleeping and helpless.She checks the locks on the doors and windows several times before she can relax enough to go to bed.Her constant checking of the locks is most similar to a/an:

A)compulsion.
B)obsession.
C)panic disorder.
D)phobia.

Question 27

Jorge lost his father three years ago.Since then,he has experienced occasional bouts of sadness and depression.Although he usually feels quite happy,sometimes the sadness returns.Jorge's relatively mild mood swings most likely indicate:

A)dysthymia.
B)cyclothymia.
C)major depression.
D)bipolar disorder.

Question 28

The misinterpretation of normal physical aches and pains as signs of serious sickness is best described by which of the following?

A)Make mountains out of molehills.
B)Fake it until you make it.
C)Sticks and stones can break my bones but names will never hurt me.
D)I was born this way.

Question 29

Lisa has started having feelings of fearfulness about going to school.She has begun to suffer from headaches and stomachaches and has missed several days of school already.Lisa's illnesses are probably a form of:

A)phobic disorder.
B)somatization disorder.
C)generalized anxiety disorder.
D)dissociative disorder.

Question 30

Which of the following statements about transvestites is FALSE?

A)Most transvestites are homosexuals.
B)Transvestites get sexual excitement from wearing the clothing of the opposite sex.
C)Most transvestites are married.
D)There is little evidence of women transvestites in Western cultures.

Question 31

Which Canadian is most likely to develop depression in life?

A)Paige,who had a normal childhood and now works as an engineer
B)Sabrina,who was neglected as a child and is unemployed
C)Frank,who had a normal childhood and is unemployed
D)Bill,who was neglected as a child and now works as an engineer

Question 32

Sandy has the tendency to make everything seem so much worse than it usually is.Beck would say that Sandy has a tendency to:

A)overgeneralize.
B)minimize.
C)do all-or-nothing thinking.
D)magnify.

Question 33

The fact that the dissociative disorders seem to have a large element of repression in them is related to the ________________ explanation of disorders.

A)behavioural
B)cognitive
C)biological
D)psychoanalytic

Question 34

According to the Canadian Psychological Association,what percentage of Canadians regularly experience significant concerns about their health?

A)1 to 3 percent
B)3 to 5 percent
C)10 to 20 percent
D)more than 20 percent

Question 35

Approximately _____________of Canadians will suffer from a mood disorder,_____________ from major depression,and _____________ from bipolar disorder.

A)20 percent; 15 percent; 5 percent
B)16 percent; 12 percent; 3 percent
C)5 percent; 10 percent; 15 percent
D)1 percent; 1 percent; 1 percent

Question 36

In ______________,sexual gratification is obtained by rubbing one's genitals up against the body of an unwilling person.

A)necrophilia
B)frotteurism
C)pedophilia
D)transvestite fetishism

Question 37

In __________,the person may have the desire for sexual activity but be unable to physically participate.

A)sexual desire disorder
B)pedophilia
C)sexual arousal disorder
D)orgasmic disorder

Question 38

Macha woke up one morning in a very sad mood and couldn't think of any reason why she should feel that way.The feeling got worse as the day went on,and although in the days and weeks to follow she occasionally felt normal,she had more sad days than usual.Her feelings were so intense that she couldn't sleep,ate too much,and couldn't take joy in anything.Macha is most likely suffering from:

A)dysthymia.
B)cyclothymia.
C)major depression.
D)bipolar disorder.

Question 39

Bud's relatives are concerned that he worries too much.He worries about little things going wrong,he worries about big things going wrong,and sometimes it seems as though he's worrying because there's nothing to worry about.He worries so much that he has a hard time getting things done.Bud most likely has:

A)panic disorder.
B)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C)generalized anxiety disorder.
D)post-traumatic stress disorder.

Question 40

Which of the following is not a sexual dysfunction primarily stemming from an organic physical disorder?

A)sexual desire disorder
B)frotteurism
C)male erectile disorder
D)sexual aversion disorder

Question 41

In an old movie,a madman made weird faces and sounds,jumped about wildly in his cell,and laughed and giggled constantly.This bizarre behaviour is typical of the __________ schizophrenic.

A)disorganized
B)catatonic
C)paranoid
D)residual

Question 42

Which of the following statements about antisocial personality disorder is TRUE?

A)Most people with this disorder are vicious killers.
B)Most people with this disorder are men.
C)People with this disorder suffer terrible guilt but commit crimes anyway.
D)People with this disorder feel emotions very deeply and intensely.

Question 43

Which of the following personality disorders is most likely to show elements of other personality disorders?

A)histrionic personality
B)antisocial personality
C)narcissistic personality
D)borderline personality

Question 44

What is the primary difficulty with applying the criterion of "social norm deviance" to define abnormal behaviour?

A)Norms are difficult to enumerate.
B)Cultures accept and view all behaviours as normal.
C)Behaviour that is considered disordered in one culture may be acceptable in another.
D)Norms do not guide behaviour except in rare instances.

Question 45

You are a contestant on Jeopardy! and it is your turn.You say to Alex,"I'll take Ancient Explanations of Mental Illness for $100." The answer is,"His was the first recorded attempt to explain abnormal behaviour as due to some biological process." The smile on your face reveals the confidence you have as you say:

A)"Who is Sigmund Freud?"
B)"Who is Hippocrates?"
C)"Who is Carl Rogers?"
D)"Who is John Watson?"

Question 46

Which type of schizophrenic is most likely to have delusions of grandeur?

A)disorganized
B)catatonic
C)paranoid
D)residual

Question 47

During the Middle Ages,abnormal behaviour was believed to result from:

A)inbreeding.
B)demon possession.
C)disease organisms.
D)body fluid imbalance.

Question 48

What is the branch of psychology that is concerned with the study of abnormal behaviour?

A)health psychology
B)psychopathology
C)psychobiology
D)developmental psychology

Question 49

You are a psychologist who is evaluating the behaviour of a new client.The client tells you that he does not like to wear clothing and that he walks around nude most of the time.In addition,he tells you that he lives in a society in which clothing is required and nudity is seen as abnormal.Which of the following is NOT a criterion by which you evaluate your client's behaviour as abnormal?

A)statistical definition
B)maladaptive
C)subjective discomfort
D)social norm deviance

Question 50

Ellie is a psychology student at the local university.She is interested in specializing in the study of abnormal behaviour.What should she declare as her desired major?

A)health psychology
B)psychopathology
C)psychobiology
D)developmental psychology

Question 51

Maria is a retired factory worker who lives with anxiety.Due to the fear of having anxiety attacks,she does not leave her house.This makes her feel trapped in her home,which creates distress.Which criterion would be most appropriate in deciding whether Maria's case represents an example of abnormality?

A)statistical rarity
B)subjective discomfort
C)situational context
D)social norm deviance

Question 52

Hippocrates maintained that mental illness was:

A)caused by supernatural forces.
B)only in the mind of the beholder.
C)curable through exorcism.
D)caused by imbalances of vital body fluids.

Question 53

Archaeologists have found skulls from as long ago as 3000 B.C.that bear evidence of an ancient surgical technique,whereby holes were cut into the skulls of live individuals in an attempt to release demons from the possessed victim.This process is called:

A)trepanning.
B)drilling.
C)humours.
D)exorcism.

Question 54

For those people in the Middle Ages who believed abnormal behaviour resulted from spirit possession,the treatment of choice was:

A)herbal cures.
B)"magic" potions.
C)exorcism.
D)trepanning.

Question 55

It is not unreasonable to assume that in ancient times signs of mental illness were believed to be caused by:

A)an imbalance of body fluids.
B)demons.
C)improper diet.
D)social forces.

Question 56

Which term refers to a way to define abnormality by comparing an individual's behaviour to the norms or standards of the society in which an individual lives?

A)social discomfort
B)social mores
C)social context
D)social norm deviance

Question 57

Which criterion would designate a person who never talks to anyone as abnormal?

A)dysfunctional
B)statistical definition
C)subjective discomfort
D)maladaptive

Question 58

The social or environmental setting of a person's behaviour is referred to as:

A)the situational context.
B)the historical context.
C)the cohort effect.
D)societal norms.

Question 59

Which of the following is one definition of abnormal behaviour?

A)behaviour that is rare
B)behaviour that is consistent with the norms of society
C)behaviour that does not create distress
D)behaviour that is adaptive

Question 60

Today,trepanning is done to:

A)relieve pressure in the lower back.
B)release demons from the possessed victim.
C)relieve pressure from fluids on the brain.
D)facilitate exorcisms.

Question 61

The biological model views psychological disorders as resulting from:

A)distorted thought patterns.
B)repressed memories.
C)underlying behavioural issues.
D)physiological causes.

Question 62

Some Asian cultures view mental illness as a/an:

A)shameful thing that hurts the marriage chances of other family members.
B)normal thing that does not affect the marriage chances of other family members.
C)imbalance in bodily fluids.
D)culture-bound syndrome.

Question 63

A cognitive therapist is working with a depressed client.Which of the following causes is the likely focus of this therapist's intervention?

A)learned behaviours of depression
B)unusual levels of neurotransmitters
C)negative interpretations of life events
D)a superego that is too harsh and strict

Question 64

Any behaviour that does not allow a person to function within or adapt to the stresses and everyday demands of life is considered:

A)deviant.
B)uncomfortable.
C)rare.
D)maladaptive.

Question 65

Which model of abnormality views abnormal behaviour as the result of illogical thinking?

A)psychoanalytic
B)cognitive
C)behavioural
D)biological

Question 66

According to the behaviourists,disordered behaviour is a result of:

A)repressed thoughts and memories that try to resurface.
B)a set of learned responses.
C)illogical thinking patterns.
D)chemical imbalances and brain damage.

Question 67

____________ is a term that refers to the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which a person's behaviour takes place.

A)Cultural relativity
B)Social context
C)Situational context
D)Situational relativity

Question 68

The psychoanalytic model of abnormal behaviour is based on the work of:

A)Freud.
B)Perls.
C)Rogers.
D)Skinner.

Question 69

The ______ model of mental illness explains that disorders such as anxiety,depression,and schizophrenia are caused by chemical imbalances,genetic problems,brain damage or dysfunction,or some combination of those causes.

A)biological
B)psychodynamic
C)naturalistic
D)cognitive-behavioural

Question 70

The psychoanalytic model holds that abnormal behaviour is the result of:

A)learning.
B)repressed thoughts.
C)biology.
D)biochemical imbalances.

Question 71

The model that views abnormal behaviour as the result of the interaction of biological,psychological,and cultural factors is the _____________ model.

A)behaviourist
B)cognitive
C)biopsychosocial model
D)social-transfer

Question 72

Joanna is experiencing severe anxiety.Her psychiatrist attributes her disorder to a chemical imbalance.Her psychiatrist is using the ___________ of abnormality.

A)psychoanalytic model
B)intrapersonal model
C)biological model
D)behavioural model

Question 73

A behavioural therapist is working with a depressed client.Which of the following causes is the most likely focus of this therapist's intervention?

A)learned behaviours of depression
B)unusual levels of neurotransmitters
C)negative interpretations of life events
D)a superego that is too harsh and strict

Question 74

Dave's wife suggests that he talk to a doctor because of his inability to cope with criticism.The doctor suggests that Dave's problem represents the expression of a repressed,unresolved,internal conflict buried in his unconscious mind that has its roots in Dave's childhood.This view is typical of the ______ model of abnormality.

A)biological
B)behavioural
C)cognitive
D)psychoanalytic

Question 75

Which model of abnormality explains abnormal behaviour as the result of a set of learned responses?

A)psychoanalytic
B)cognitive
C)behavioural
D)biological

Question 76

Linda is afraid of cats because when she was a little girl a cat scared her by jumping out of her closet and onto her face.As a result of this experience,Linda learned to be afraid of cats.Which model of abnormality offers the best explanation of Linda's fear?

A)cognitive
B)behavioural
C)sociocultural
D)psychoanalytic

Question 77

According to the cognitive perspective,disordered behaviour is the result of:

A)repressed thoughts and memories that try to resurface.
B)a set of learned responses.
C)illogical thinking patterns.
D)chemical imbalances and brain damage.

Question 78

Dave,a graduate student,has difficulty talking to groups.Unfortunately,he has chosen a career in which he must speak to large groups of people.The night before a presentation he tosses and turns,and the resulting lack of sleep makes the situation worse.When he makes a presentation,he often becomes confused and stumbles over his words.As a result,he feels worthless and miserable.Which two criteria of abnormal behaviour are most useful in analyzing this case?

A)inability to function normally and statistical rarity
B)subjective discomfort and inability to function normally
C)statistical rarity and deviance from social norms
D)deviance from social norms and subjective discomfort

Question 79

One sign of abnormality is when a person engages in behaviour that creates a great deal of emotional distress or:

A)subjective discomfort.
B)social deviance.
C)statistical rarity.
D)situational context.

Question 80

Any pattern of behaviour that causes people significant distress,causes harm to others,or harms their ability to function in daily life is called:

A)a psychological disorder.
B)humours.
C)stress syndrome.
D)adaptive behaviour.