Deck 14: Psychological Therapies

Question 1

The newest drugs being developed to treat psychotic symptoms are the:

A)typical neuroleptics.
B)atypical neuroleptics.
C)anticonvulsants.
D)partial dopamine agonists.

Answer 1

partial dopamine agonists.

Question 2

At Skinner Elementary School,teachers pass out "skinner bucks" to students who turn in papers on time,obey the teacher,and finish their homework.The paper "bucks" can be used at the end of the week to trade for special treats or game-playing time on the classroom computer.This system most resembles a:

A)participant modelling technique.
B)contingency contract.
C)group extinction procedure.
D)token economy.

Answer 2

token economy.

Question 3

Humanistic therapies are different from psychoanalysis because the humanistic therapies are:

A)more directive.
B)action oriented.
C)focused only on conscious thoughts and behaviour.
D)insight therapies.

Answer 3

focused only on conscious thoughts and behaviour.

Question 4

Which person might benefit the least from a group therapy environment?

A)Suzanne,who has a phobia of cats
B)Richard,who has a drinking problem
C)Jasmine,who is painfully shy
D)Elena,who suffers from depression

Question 5

Which of the following would be an unlikely strategy for a rational-emotive behaviour therapist to use in treating a client?

A)arguing with the client's statements
B)repeating what the client,has just said without interpreting it
C)giving the client homework
D)pointing out irrational beliefs to the client

Question 6

The reality television shows that deliberately force people to face their "worst fears" are most similar to which therapy technique?

A)systematic desensitization
B)aversion therapy
C)flooding
D)extinction

Question 7

For psychotherapy to be effective:

A)the therapist must provide a protected setting for clients to reveal their feelings.
B)the therapist should maintain emotional distance from the client.
C)clients and therapists should avoid warmth in their relationship.
D)therapists should choose one style of therapy for all of their clients.

Question 8

In the sixteenth century,purging or __________ was sometimes used as a means to rid the body of physical impurities so that the person's mind and soul could improve.

A)ice bathing
B)bloodletting
C)beating
D)spiritual cleansing

Question 9

The psychoanalyst knows that repressed information is just "below the surface" of the conversation when the patient begins to experience:

A)free association.
B)dream interpretation.
C)resistance.
D)transference.

Question 10

In __________,a psychoanalyst encouraged the patient to talk about whatever came to mind.

A)free association
B)dream interpretation
C)resistance
D)transference

Question 11

Six members of Ron's statistics class would meet every Saturday to go over their notes and try to figure out what the teacher had told them during his rambling lectures.If part of every Saturday's session is spent sharing feelings about the teacher and venting their anger and resentment,Ron's study group could be said to serve as:

A)a support group.
B)family therapy.
C)an awareness training group.
D)a guided discovery group.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the effectiveness of psychotherapy is FALSE?

A)In surveys,75 to 90 percent of people reported that therapy has helped them.
B)The longer a person stays in therapy,the less effective it is.
C)Psychotherapy without drugs seems to work as well as psychotherapy with drugs.
D)No one psychotherapy is effective for all disorders.

Question 13

Which of the following is not one of the four basic elements of Rogers's person-centred therapy?

A)conditional positive regard
B)empathy
C)reflection
D)authenticity

Question 14

Of the following,all are potential barriers to effective therapy listed by Sue and Sue (2003)when culture or ethnic backgrounds of therapist and client are different EXCEPT

A)language.
B)cultural values.
C)social class.
D)gender.

Question 15

Maya is upset because her supervisor teased her about turning in her report several hours late.Although her supervisor was quite pleased with the report itself and told Maya that her work was excellent,Maya remains unhappy.Beck would say that Maya is guilty of:

A)arbitrary inference.
B)selective thinking.
C)personalization.
D)defective thinking.

Question 16

Psychotherapies that attempt to change disordered behaviour directly are known as __________ therapies.

A)insight
B)action
C)biomedical
D)psychoanalytic

Question 17

Which of the following types of therapy makes the greatest use of body language?

A)psychoanalysis
B)person-centred therapy
C)Gestalt therapy
D)Rogerian therapy

Question 18

Franklin's therapist has him talk to an empty chair and pretend that he is talking to his father.Franklin's therapist is most likely a __________ therapist.

A)psychodynamic
B)person-centred
C)Gestalt
D)Freudian

Question 19

Compared to traditional psychoanalysis,modern psychodynamic therapy is:

A)more directive.
B)less directive.
C)more action oriented.
D)more focused on the id.

Question 20

Jeremy is trying to stop biting his fingernails.He wears a rubber band around each of his wrists,and whenever he finds himself biting his nails he snaps the band.Jeremy is using a form of __________ to modify his nail-biting behaviour.

A)systematic desensitization
B)aversion therapy
C)flooding
D)extinction

Question 21

A therapist is interested in helping his client change his disordered behaviour.This therapist is most likely to be a/an:

A)action therapist.
B)insight therapist.
C)biomedical therapist.
D)relationship therapist.

Question 22

Electroconvulsive shock therapy is useful in preventing suicide attempts because it:

A)is more effective than drug therapies.
B)has few negative side effects.
C)works more quickly than antidepressants.
D)makes people happy.

Question 23

According to Freud,the ___________ of the dream refers to the client's memory of the things,people,and events in the dream.

A)manifest content
B)free association
C)latent content
D)resistance

Question 24

The kind of therapy that uses biological treatments such as medication,surgical methods,and electrical shock treatments to bring about changes in the person's disordered behaviour is called:

A)psychotherapy.
B)biomedical therapy.
C)physical therapy.
D)electroconvulsive shock therapy.

Question 25

A client lies on a couch with the therapist sitting out of sight behind her.The therapist gets to know the client's problems through free association and positive and negative transference.This is an example of ______ therapy.

A)psychoanalytic
B)behaviour
C)person-centred
D)rational-emotive

Question 26

You are a contestant on Jeopardy! and it is your turn.You say,"I'll take History of Therapies for $100." The answer is,"He began the movement for humane treatment of the mentally ill." The smile on your face reveals the confidence you have as you say:

A)"Who was Sigmund Freud?"
B)"Who was Carl Rogers?"
C)"Who was Philippe Pinel?"
D)"Who was Abraham Maslow?"

Question 27

The kind of therapy that involves talking things out with a professional is called:

A)psychotherapy.
B)biomedical therapy.
C)physical therapy.
D)electroconvulsive shock therapy.

Question 28

Lulu sees a therapist once a week.During her therapy sessions,she discusses issues and events that have impacted her life.Her therapist helps her to understand how these events and issues have affected her.The type of therapy Lulu is seeking is called:

A)psychotherapy.
B)biomedical therapy.
C)physical therapy.
D)electroconvulsive shock therapy.

Question 29

Therapies directed at changing the disordered behaviour are referred to as:

A)action therapies.
B)insight therapies.
C)biomedical therapies.
D)relationship therapies.

Question 30

Lulu sees a professional once a month to manage the medication she is taking to help alleviate the symptoms of her anxiety disorder.The type of therapy Lulu is undergoing is called:

A)psychotherapy.
B)biomedical therapy.
C)physical therapy.
D)electroconvulsive shock therapy.

Question 31

The risk of permanent brain damage is greatest with:

A)cybertherapy.
B)ECT.
C)psychosurgery.
D)bilateral ECT.

Question 32

Which of the following is a key component of Freud's theory of psychoanalysis?

A)cognition
B)empathy
C)dream interpretation
D)unconditional positive regard

Question 33

Psychoanalysis was a therapy technique designed by:

A)Alfred Adler.
B)Carl Rogers.
C)Fritz Perls.
D)Sigmund Freud.

Question 34

_______________ formed a large part of Freud's psychoanalytic method.

A)Reflection
B)Empathy
C)Dream interpretation
D)Unconditional positive regard

Question 35

For which disorder have antidepressants NOT been used?

A)panic disorder
B)dissociative amnesia
C)obsessive-compulsive disorder
D)post-traumatic stress disorder

Question 36

The major goal of insight therapies is to give people:

A)feedback from their biologically controlled responses.
B)help in understanding perceptual processes.
C)basic training in observational learning and practice.
D)clearer understanding of their feelings,motivations,and actions.

Question 37

Therapies aimed mainly at understanding one's motives and actions are referred to as:

A)action therapies.
B)insight therapies.
C)biomedical therapies.
D)relationship therapies.

Question 38

Omar is currently undergoing psychoanalysis.His therapist asks him to keep a journal by his bed and write down his dreams immediately upon awakening.Omar brings his journal to therapy and discusses his dreams with his therapist.Omar's therapist is attempting to do which of the following?

A)uncover repressed material
B)facilitate positive transference
C)create resistance within the client
D)facilitate unconditional positive regard

Question 39

Dr.Shedrika uses a form of therapy that emphasizes revealing his clients' unconscious conflicts,urges,and desires,which he believes are the cause of his clients' disordered emotions and behaviour.This therapist is most likely using:

A)behaviour therapy.
B)psychoanalysis.
C)Gestalt therapy.
D)systematic desensitization.

Question 40

A therapist is interested in helping her client get a clearer understanding of his motives and actions.This therapist is most likely to be a/an:

A)action therapist.
B)insight therapist.
C)biomedical therapist.
D)relationship therapist.

Question 41

Which of the following individuals would be least likely to benefit from psychoanalysis?

A)Mary,who has a somatoform disorder
B)Kaleem,who suffers from a severe psychotic disorder
C)Pasha,who has panic attacks
D)Lou,who suffers from anxiety

Question 42

Person-centred therapy is a type of ______ therapy.

A)insight
B)behaviour
C)cognitive
D)reality

Question 43

As Celine begins to reveal more and more of her innermost thoughts and feelings to her therapist,she begins to feel good about him as well as accepted by him.She develops a sense of trust,particularly because he does not criticize her.What process is occurring?

A)unconditional positive regard
B)insight
C)negative transference
D)positive transference

Question 44

According to Carl Rogers,the __________is how people see their actual traits and abilities.

A)ideal self
B)real self
C)ego
D)id

Question 45

According to Freud,the ___________ of the dream refers to the hidden,symbolic meaning of the dream,which,if correctly interpreted,reveals the unconscious conflicts that created the nervous disorder.

A)manifest content
B)free association
C)latent content
D)resistance

Question 46

Which of the following individuals would be considered a good candidate for psychoanalysis?

A)Mary,who is extremely withdrawn
B)Kaleem,who suffers from a severe psychotic disorder
C)Pasha,who is unable to verbally express her thoughts and feelings
D)Lou,who suffers from anxiety

Question 47

Modern psychoanalysts differ from traditional Freudian psychoanalysts in that they focus on the ______ as a motivating force of behaviour,and they favour ______ their patients.

A)id; face-to-face discussions with
B)ego; face-to-face discussions with
C)id; sitting behind and passively listening to
D)ego; sitting behind and passively listening to

Question 48

Free association is a technique used in ______ therapy.

A)psychoanalytic
B)rational-emotive
C)person-centred
D)Gestalt

Question 49

Mario has always had trouble dealing with his parents as authority figures.During psychoanalysis,he reacts to the analyst in a negative manner whenever the therapist says something that reminds him of his parents' control over him.What process would Freud say is occurring?

A)positive transference
B)resistance
C)negative transference
D)countertransference

Question 50

What did Carl Rogers view as a cause of most personal problems and unhappiness?

A)reinforcement of maladaptive behaviour patterns
B)unrealistic modes of thought employed by many people
C)mismatch between an individual's ideal self and real self
D)unresolved unconscious conflicts occurring between the id and superego

Question 51

Joe has been undergoing psychoanalysis for several months.Over the past few weeks,he has become unwilling to talk about his relationship with his father and becomes uncomfortable when thoughts of him enter his mind during therapy.What process would the therapist say is occurring?

A)insight
B)reactance
C)resistance
D)transference

Question 52

In negative transference,the patient transfers his negative feelings for:

A)his analyst onto his parent.
B)his parents onto his analyst.
C)himself onto his parents.
D)his parents onto himself.

Question 53

In positive transference,the patient may transfer her positive feelings for:

A)her analyst onto herself.
B)her parents onto her analyst.
C)her parents onto herself.
D)herself onto her parents.

Question 54

According to Sigmund Freud,when you awaken in the morning and remember a dream,you recall the dream's:

A)latent content.
B)deep meaning.
C)surface meaning.
D)manifest content.

Question 55

Steve is 21 years old and has never gone on a date.His parents are concerned and take him to see a therapist.The therapist tells Steve to lie down on the couch and relax.The therapist sits behind Steve and asks him to say whatever comes into his head.Steve eventually talks about his fear of women,which leads him to think about his early experiences with women: his mother,her friends,his teachers,and so on.Steve is using:

A)counterconditioning.
B)pole-shifting.
C)free association.
D)the empty chair technique.

Question 56

During free association,a patient may become unwilling to talk about certain topics.What term would a psychoanalyst use to describe this change in the patient's willingness to verbalize?

A)insight
B)reactance
C)resistance
D)transference

Question 57

In interpreting a dream,a psychoanalyst would attempt to discover the dream's:

A)latent content.
B)manifest content.
C)symbolic content.
D)psychological content.

Question 58

Which of the following is a key component of Rogers's person-centred therapy?

A)cognition
B)resistance
C)dream interpretation
D)unconditional positive regard

Question 59

The psychoanalytic patient who lets her thoughts flow without interruption or fear of negative criticism from her therapist is using:

A)dream interpretation.
B)positive transference.
C)regression.
D)free association.

Question 60

According to Carl Rogers,the __________is how people think they should be.

A)ideal self
B)real self
C)ego
D)id

Question 61

The therapist's feeling of respect and affection for the client that exists without any strings attached,no matter what the client may say or do,is called:

A)conditions of worth.
B)empathy.
C)catharsis.
D)unconditional positive regard.

Question 62

What is the primary goal of the therapist in person-centred therapy?

A)to facilitate transference
B)to eliminate the client's undesirable behaviours
C)to provide unconditional positive regard
D)to help the client become more aware of his or her own feelings

Question 63

Gestalt therapy is an outgrowth of the work of:

A)Lazarus.
B)Wolpe.
C)Rogers.
D)Perls.

Question 64

The person-centred therapist has to be able to acknowledge and understand what the client is feeling and experiencing.This process is referred to as:

A)conditions of worth.
B)empathy.
C)catharsis.
D)unconditional positive regard.

Question 65

Imagine if Sigmund Freud were to go to Carl Rogers for therapy.Freud's major complaint is depression due to distress over the lack of positive response to his theories.What is Rogers most likely to say during their session?

A)"You seem troubled by the reaction to your work."
B)"Let's focus on your relationship with your father."
C)"Why do you think that everyone must appreciate your work?"
D)"Say the first thing that comes to your mind; don't censor anything because I want to know what is truly on your mind."

Question 66

Which of the following is a limitation of humanistic therapy?

A)Clients do not need to be verbal.
B)There is not enough empirical research to support its basic ideas.
C)It cannot be used in a variety of contexts.
D)The therapist runs the risk of having his or her words misinterpreted by the client.

Question 67

Your friend tells you that his therapist is a Gestalt therapist.You ask him to describe what might happen in one of his therapy sessions.Which of the following is his most likely answer?

A)"I am asked by the therapist to relax and meditate."
B)"During the session I sometimes talk to an empty chair."
C)"The therapist asks me to describe the details of the dreams I have had recently."
D)"The therapist evaluates the factual basis of my statements to identify logical inconsistencies."

Question 68

Gestalt therapy emphasizes:

A)the "here and now."
B)early childhood influences on adult behaviour.
C)the role of unsatisfactory relationships in the development of maladaptive behaviours.
D)finding the initial causes of current problems.

Question 69

The person-centred therapist must show a genuine,open,and honest response to the client.This is called:

A)empathy.
B)resistance.
C)authenticity.
D)unconditional positive regard.

Question 70

What is a major goal of the Gestalt therapist?

A)to facilitate transference
B)to eliminate the client's undesirable behaviours
C)to provide unconditional positive regard
D)to help clients become more aware of their own feelings

Question 71

In Gestalt therapy,the therapist is ______ and ______.

A)passive; nondirective
B)passive; directive
C)active; nondirective
D)active; directive

Question 72

Which of the following individuals would be considered a good candidate for humanistic therapy?

A)Mary,who is extremely withdrawn
B)Kaleem,who suffers from a severe psychotic disorder
C)Pasha,who is unable to verbally express her thoughts and feelings
D)Lou,who is seeking a career change

Question 73

Carl Rogers's person-centred approach is considered ________ because the client actually does all the real work,with the therapist merely acting as a sounding board.

A)directive
B)nondirective
C)behavioural
D)cognitive

Question 74

Gestalt therapy is considered ________ because the therapist leads the client through a number of planned exercises as well as confronts the client's statements.

A)directive
B)nondirective
C)behavioural
D)cognitive

Question 75

Therapeutic approaches that are based on the belief that all normal and abnormal behaviour is learned are ______ therapies.

A)traditional psychodynamic
B)behaviour
C)short-term psychodynamic
D)cognitive

Question 76

Which of the following is an advantage of person-centred therapy?

A)Clients do not need to be verbal.
B)There is too much empirical research about it.
C)It is one of the best approaches for treating serious disorders.
D)The therapist does not run the risk of having his or her words misinterpreted by the client.

Question 77

What do behaviour therapists see as the cause of abnormal or undesirable behaviours?

A)learning
B)unconscious conflicts
C)distortions in thinking
D)discrepancy between the real self and ideal self

Question 78

Judy's therapist listens to her without interruption and judgment.She provides Judy with warmth and respect,without any conditions attached.Her therapist is demonstrating:

A)reflection.
B)genuineness.
C)unconditional positive regard.
D)nondirective countertransference.

Question 79

Dr.Graham listens to Maria's statements and then restates what he feels is Maria's message and describes her emotions.What type of therapy is Dr.Graham practising?

A)behaviour
B)cognitive
C)psychoanalytic
D)person-centred

Question 80

____________ therapies have been used not only to treat mental disorders but also to help people make career choices,deal with workplace problems,and as a form of marriage counselling.

A)Humanistic
B)Psychoanalytic
C)Biomedical
D)Biological