Deck 17: Juvenile Justice

Question 1

Congress has declared that all offenses committed by juveniles are federal offenses.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Juveniles have always retained due process rights in the United States.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

In theory,juvenile proceedings are designed to be nonadversarial.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

In Roper v.Simmons,the U.S.Supreme Court decided that juveniles were less culpable than adults due to developmental differences.

Question 5

Many police departments have special juvenile units.

Question 6

Of all juvenile arrests,the percentage of arrests for homicide is relatively small.

Question 7

The concept of parens patriae refers to the state as parent.

Question 8

The epidemic of youth violence in the United States occurred simultaneously with an increase in drug arrests.

Question 9

In some cases,delinquent children have committed offenses that would be classified as criminal if they were committed by adults.

Question 10

Youth gangs are less of problem today in American cities than they once were.

Question 11

The period in which juvenile rights were expanded was called the juvenile rights period.

Question 12

The idea that children should be treated differently than adults originated in the common law and courts of England.

Question 13

A juvenile cannot waive his or her right to counsel or protection against self-incrimination.

Question 14

Unlike regular police officers,juvenile officers exercise little discretion in processing offenders.

Question 15

Truancy is an example of a status offense.

Question 16

Federal guidelines dictate that all states must handle juvenile cases in the same way.

Question 17

The standard of proof for juveniles to become classified as delinquents is "beyond a reasonable doubt."

Question 18

The juvenile justice system in the United States did not develop until the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Question 19

Females account for almost one-half of all juvenile arrests.

Question 20

Smoking cigarettes is a status offense for a 13-year-old juvenile.

Question 21

In England,the doctrine that allowed the courts to hold protective jurisdiction over all children was called

A)judicial waiver.
B)parens patriae.
C)delinquency doctrine.
D)status offense.

Question 22

Dependency is one of the four types of cases that fall under the jurisdiction of the juvenile justice system.

Question 23

Which has not had a significant impact on the juvenile justice system?

A)Tough-on-crime policies
B)Drug use
C)Youth gangs
D)Deteriorating social and economic conditions

Question 24

Under the doctrine of ______,which held the king to be the father of the realm,the chancery courts exercised protective jurisdiction over all children,particularly those involved in questions of dependency,neglect,and property.

A)stubborn child law
B)parens patriae
C)In re Gault
D)In re Winship

Question 25

What does the acronym "CRIPS" mean?

A)Children Ready in the Population Society
B)Criminals Ready in the Postmodern Society
C)Common Rejected Innocents Producing Safely
D)Community Revolution in Progress

Question 26

A predominant goal within juvenile corrections is to avoid unnecessary incarceration.

Question 27

Smoking is a status crime.

Question 28

A child's behavioral history affects the disposition of a case of juvenile delinquency.

Question 29

A(n)__________ is a child who is receiving inadequate care because of some action or inaction of his or her parents.

A)dependent child
B)child parens patriae
C)at-risk child
D)neglected child

Question 30

The juvenile function of police work is concerned largely with order maintenance.

Question 31

The Supreme Court ruled in Graham v.Florida (2010)that executions are unconstitutional for crimes committed by those younger than 18 years of age.

Question 32

Under common law,children were exempt from criminal responsibility until the age of

A)3.
B)5.
C)7.
D)10.

Question 33

Cyberbullying and other forms of online delinquency are a new and growing phenomenon.

Question 34

According to a Justice Department survey,what is the most serious problem facing teenagers today?

A)Alcohol
B)Poor quality of education
C)Drugs
D)Crime

Question 35

Drug use among juveniles has no negative impact on crime.

Question 36

Behaviors that are not criminal if committed by adults,such as smoking or truancy,are called _____ in the context of juvenile justice.

A)juvenile offenses
B)status mistakes
C)juvenile delinquencies
D)status offenses

Question 37

Youth gangs pose a specific and unique set of problems for the juvenile justice system.

Question 38

Aftercare can be very effective.

Question 39

Cyberbullying is a status offense.

Question 40

Approximately 10% of juveniles are placed on probation and released to the custody of a parent or guardian.

Question 41

Which U.S.Supreme Court decision ruled that a child may waive his or her rights to an attorney and to protections against self-incrimination?

A)New Jersey v.T.L.O.(1985)
B)Fare v.Michael C.(1979)
C)Schall v.Martin (1984)
D)In re Gault (1967)

Question 42

In the United States,the upper age limit for juvenile court jurisdiction ranges from ________ years of age.

A)12 to 14
B)14 to 16
C)16 to 18
D)18 to 20

Question 43

The system and philosophy of juvenile justice that began in the United States during the social reform period of the late 19th century was based on the idea that the state should act as a(n)____ in advancing the interest of the child.

A)parent
B)teacher
C)caretaker
D)spiritual advisor

Question 44

Which statement is accurate?

A)Offenses committed by juveniles are mostly violations of state law.
B)Offenses committed by juveniles are mostly violations of federal law.
C)Offenses committed by juveniles violate state and federal laws at roughly the same rate.
D)Offenses committed by juveniles are mostly violations of municipal law.

Question 45

Which civil liberty was extended to juveniles in the U.S.Supreme Court's decision in Breed v.Jones (1975)?

A)Right to trial by jury
B)Right to an attorney
C)Protection against unreasonable search and seizure
D)Protection against self-incrimination

Question 46

Which is true about the due process rights of juveniles?

A)Juveniles have none of the due process rights guaranteed to adults.
B)Juveniles have all the due process rights guaranteed to adults.
C)Juveniles have all the due process rights guaranteed to adults as well as additional rights that adults do not have.
D)Juveniles have only some of the due process rights guaranteed to adults.

Question 47

Which is not one of the fundamental concepts of juvenile justice?

A)Deinstitutionalization
B)Due process
C)Diversion
D)Detoxification

Question 48

What was the focus of the U.S.Supreme Court case that marked the beginning of the "Kids Are Different" era?

A)Legalization of juvenile law
B)Establishment of a separate system for juveniles
C)Deinstitutionalization of status offenders
D)Elimination of the death penalty for juveniles

Question 49

Most complaints against juveniles are brought by

A)the victim
B)the police
C)school officials
D)the parents

Question 50

Which U.S.Supreme Court decision ruled that school officials could search students and their lockers?

A)New Jersey v.T.L.O.(1985)
B)Fare v.Michael C.(1979)
C)Schall v.Martin (1984)
D)In re Gault (1967)

Question 51

The juvenile justice system is primarily concerned with the interests and needs of

A)the community.
B)the family.
C)society.
D)the child.

Question 52

The juvenile function of police work is concerned largely with

A)servicing the community.
B)preventing crime.
C)maintaining order.
D)providing counseling.

Question 53

The process of screening children out of the system without a decision is called

A)screening.
B)disposition.
C)diversion.
D)redirection.

Question 54

Which is true about juvenile officers?

A)Juvenile officers are often former juvenile offenders themselves.
B)Juvenile officers are less knowledgeable about legal issues than other police officers.
C)Juvenile officers are sensitive to the needs of young offenders.
D)Juvenile officers have less discretion than regular officers in processing young offenders.

Question 55

Public support is strongest for __________ handling of delinquent juveniles.

A)rehabilitative
B)punitive
C)protective
D)retributive

Question 56

What is the youngest age at which a juvenile can be waived to adult court in the United States?

A)10
B)12
C)13
D)14

Question 57

Which U.S.Supreme Court decision departed from the trend toward increasing juvenile rights by ruling that juveniles may be held in preventive detention before trial if they are deemed a risk to the community?

A)In re Gault (1967)
B)Schall v.Martin (1984)
C)Kent v.United States (1966)
D)In re Winship (1970)

Question 58

A child who is receiving inadequate care is termed a _______.

A)dependent child
B)neglected child
C)person in need of supervision (PINS)
D)delinquent child

Question 59

The juvenile court processing of delinquency cases typically begins with

A)an intake hearing.
B)a petition.
C)disposition.
D)diversion.

Question 60

In the _____,the U.S.Supreme Court extended due process rights to children in the cases of Kent v.United States and In re Gault.

A)1860s
B)1930s
C)1960s
D)1980s

Question 61

Tyson,a 14-year-old boy,has just been adjudicated guilty in the juvenile justice system in Nebraska.This is his second offense; his first offense was dismissed.Tyson's crime involved sending threatening and lewd comments to a classmate on social media.Tyson believes his offense is a status offense.Which statement about Tyson's assertion is true?

A)Tyson is correct because cyberbullying is a behavior that is not criminal if committed by an adult.
B)Tyson is correct because the crime is typical of his economic status.
C)Tyson is incorrect because cyberbullying is only illegal if committed by a juvenile.
D)Tyson is incorrect because cyberbullying is illegal for adults and juveniles.

Question 62

Status offenders make up about ____ of the juvenile court caseload.

A)10%
B)20%
C)30%
D)40%

Question 63

Tyson,a 14-year-old boy,has just been adjudicated guilty in the juvenile justice system in Nebraska.This is his second offense; his first offense was dismissed.Tyson's crime involved sending threatening and lewd comments to a classmate on social media.However,Tyson feels that his comments were justified because of comments that had been directed toward him earlier in the year on social media.Tyson is among the _______ of juveniles who use their computers to bully others.

A)10%
B)20%
C)25%
D)30%

Question 64

Maria is a 16-year-old Hispanic female from South Carolina.While high on prescription drugs,Maria beat her classmate with a brick,nearly killing her and leaving her with extensive brain damage.She has been charged with assault with a deadly weapon with intent to kill.The judge will render a decision tomorrow on whether Maria should be tried as an adult or remain within the jurisdiction of the juvenile court system.Currently,Maria is being held in an institution pending the judge's decision.Maria is frightened she will be waived to adult court.Her lawyer eases her mind by telling her that only _____ of juvenile cases are waived.

A)1%
B)5%
C)8%
D)10%

Question 65

Crain is a 15-year-old boy who was just arrested for truancy and shoplifting.He has never been in trouble before and only participated in the crime due to peer pressure from his friends,who made fun of him for being "too good." Crain's parents are terrified that his poor decision-making will ruin his future.Crain's truancy violation,when combined with his shoplifting case,might make him a _______.

A)dependent child
B)delinquent child
C)neglected child
D)PINS

Question 66

Crain is a 15-year-old boy who was just arrested for truancy and shoplifting.He has never been in trouble before and only participated in the crime due to peer pressure from his friends,who made fun of him for being "too good." Crain's parents are terrified that his poor decision-making will ruin his future.Crain and his family are seeking a(n)_________,through which they hope to avoid the courtroom altogether.

A)adjudication
B)detention hearing
C)diversion
D)disposition

Question 67

Crain is a 15-year-old boy who was just arrested for truancy and shoplifting.He has never been in trouble before and only participated in the crime due to peer pressure from his friends,who made fun of him for being "too good." Crain's parents are terrified that his poor decision-making will ruin his future.Crain's case will most likely begin with a referral in the form of a(n)

A)diversion.
B)detention hearing.
C)adjudication.
D)petition.

Question 68

Which of the following is not a factor that influences how police handle a case of juvenile delinquency?

A)The officer's personal beliefs and attitudes
B)Crimes committed by the child's parents
C)The seriousness of the offense
D)The child's behavioral history.

Question 69

_________ is the trial stage of the juvenile justice process.

A)Waiver
B)Transfer
C)Disposition
D)Adjudication

Question 70

A ________ either has no parent or guardian or is receiving inadequate care because of the physical or mental disability of the parent.

A)neglected child
B)PINS
C)dependent child
D)delinquent child

Question 71

Consider the information presented in the following chart.How are African American youth most likely to be overrepresented in the juvenile justice system?

A)Juvenile arrests for violent crime index offenses
B)Juveniles in residential placement
C)Cases judicially waived to criminal court
D)Delinquency cases resulting in residential placement

Question 72

How have the conservative crime control policies implemented in the adult criminal justice system influenced juvenile justice?

A)They have decreased incarceration in juvenile institutions.
B)They have increased litigation challenging the abuse of children.
C)They have lowered rates of minority youth incarceration.
D)They have caused increased transfer to parents upon initial interaction with law enforcement.

Question 73

Crain is a 15-year-old boy who was just arrested for truancy and shoplifting.He has never been in trouble before and only participated in the crime due to peer pressure from his friends,who made fun of him for being "too good." Crain's parents are terrified that his poor decision-making will ruin his future.However,the court also determined that Crain was receiving inadequate care at home,which may have contributed to his motivation to act out.Therefore,Crain is considered by the court to be a(n)

A)dependent child.
B)child parens patriae.
C)at-risk child.
D)neglected child.

Question 74

Tyson,a 14-year-old boy,has just been adjudicated guilty in the juvenile justice system in Nebraska.This is his second offense; his first offense was dismissed.Tyson's crime involved sending threatening and lewd comments to a classmate on social media.However,Tyson feels that his comments were justified because of comments that had been directed toward him earlier in the year on social media.Tyson's delinquent behavior would actually be called

A)cyberbullying.
B)cybercrime.
C)sexting.
D)cyberincentives.

Question 75

Maria is a 16-year-old Hispanic female from South Carolina.While high on prescription drugs,Maria beat her classmate with a brick,nearly killing her and leaving her with extensive brain damage.She has been charged with assault with a deadly weapon with intent to kill.The judge will render a decision tomorrow on whether Maria should be tried as an adult or remain within the jurisdiction of the juvenile court system.If this case remains in the juvenile system,Maria will not be tried before a jury; rather,the decision regarding her guilt and punishment will be made in a process called

A)intake.
B)adjudication.
C)disposition.
D)diversion.

Question 76

Maria is a 16-year-old Hispanic female from South Carolina.While high on prescription drugs,Maria beat her classmate with a brick,nearly killing her and leaving her with extensive brain damage.She has been charged with assault with a deadly weapon with intent to kill.The judge will render a decision tomorrow on whether Maria should be tried as an adult or remain within the jurisdiction of the juvenile court system.Currently,Maria is being held in an institution pending the judge's decision.If Maria's case stays within the juvenile justice system,she would be labeled a __________.

A)delinquent child
B)neglected child
C)dependent child
D)PINS

Question 77

Maria is a 16-year-old Hispanic female from South Carolina.While high on prescription drugs,Maria beat her classmate with a brick,nearly killing her and leaving her with extensive brain damage.She has been charged with assault with a deadly weapon with intent to kill.The judge will render a decision tomorrow on whether Maria should be tried as an adult or remain within the jurisdiction of the juvenile court system.Currently,Maria is being held in an institution pending the judge's decision.Maria wants to attend a treatment facility so that she can quit her drug habit.To do so without further involvement in the juvenile justice system,she would need a

A)diversion.
B)warrant.
C)judgment.
D)waiver.

Question 78

Crain is a 15-year-old boy who was just arrested for truancy and shoplifting.He has never been in trouble before and only participated in the crime due to peer pressure from his friends,who made fun of him for being "too good." Crain's parents are terrified that his poor decision-making will ruin his future.Crain's truancy violation is an example of a _________ offense.

A)technical
B)juvenile
C)status
D)delinquent

Question 79

Maria is a 16-year-old Hispanic female from South Carolina.While high on prescription drugs,Maria beat her classmate with a brick,nearly killing her and leaving her with extensive brain damage.She has been charged with assault with a deadly weapon with intent to kill.The judge will render a decision tomorrow on whether Maria should be tried as an adult or remain within the jurisdiction of the juvenile court system.Pending the judge's decision,Maria is not released to go home with her parents,but is instead held in a

A)treatment facility.
B)detention facility.
C)substance abuse facility.
D)prison.

Question 80

Maria is a 16-year-old Hispanic female from South Carolina.While high on prescription drugs,Maria beat her classmate with a brick,nearly killing her and leaving her with extensive brain damage.She has been charged with assault with a deadly weapon with intent to kill.Given the circumstances of the battery,the prosecutor is demanding Maria's case be transferred to the adult criminal court system,a process called a(n)

A)diversion.
B)intake.
C)waiver.
D)migration.